Case 2838. Pleurobranchus Forskali Rueppel And Leuckart, (1828) And Pleurobranchus Testudinarius Cantraine, 1835 (Mollusca, Gastropoda): Proposed Conservation Of The Specific Names

4 Pages·1993·0.82 MB·English

by  W B Rudman

,
16 BulletinolZoologicalNomenclalure50(1)March1993
Case2838
PleurobranchusforskaliiRiippell&Leuckart,|1828|and
P.testudinariusCantraine,1835(Mollusca,Gastropoda):proposed
conservationofthespecificnames
W.B.Rudman
TheAustralianMuseum,P.O.BoxA285.SydneySouth,NewSouth Wales,
Australia2000
Abstract. The purpose ofthis application is to conserve the specific names ofthe
pleurobranchopisthobranchmolluscsPleurobranchusforskaliiRiippell&Leuckart,
[1828]andP.testudinariusCantraine.1835.Thelatternameisthreatenedbythesenior
objective synonym Pleurobranchusforskaldi Delle Chiaje, 1822. Additionally, it is
shownthatthename'Lepusmarinus"mentionedbyForsskal(1776)andothersisa
vernacular.
1 ForsskaPsAtlasofPlatesof'orientalnature'observedonanexpeditiontoArabia
was published posthumously in 1776. The illustrations were identified by a list of
binominallatinisednames,mostwithnoaccompanyingdescriptionorreferencetoa
description. The few references to descriptive material or previously published
names were printed in italicised type. Plate 28A is an easily recognised figure ofa
commonIndo-WestPacificpleurobranchopisthobranchmolluscatpresentknownas
PleurobranchusforskaliiRiippell& Leuckart, [1828]. Forsskal'sentryto thisfigure
reads: 'A. Lepus marinus. Arab. Arneb bachri. Avicenna. Libr. IL pag. 63'. In
Forsskal'stextnewnamesareinromantypeface,whilenamesgivenbyearlierauthors
areitalicised.Onpage9,threenamesareitalicised.Twoofthese.Ascidiagelatinosum
and.Ascidiaquadrideniaia.arereferredtoLinnaeus,whilethethird,Lepusmarinus,is
referred to Avicenna, the Arab physician (980-1037 AD) who republished and
commented on the writings ofthe early Greeks and Romans. The phrase 'Arneb
bachri'mentionedbyForsskalintheentryfor'LepuSmarinus'canbelooselytranslated
fromArabicas'wildrabbit'.Thename'Lepusmarinus'hasbeenusedatleastsince
Romantimes(seeCuvier.1803;Rang,1828;Eales,1921,1960)andwasappliedgener-
allytoseaharesandlargeseaslugs,usuallyAplysia.Linnaeus(1758,p.653).inthe10th
editiono^SystemaNaturae,listedfourearlierusesof'Lepusmarinus'underhisgenus
Teihys, some ofwhich apply to an aplysiid and others to the nudibranch Tethys.
Linnaeus (p. 57) introduced the mammalian name Lepus, evidently distinguishing
betweentheformalmammaliangenusLepusandtheinformalvernacularuseofthe
descriptivenameforseaharesandsimilargastropods.
2. Forsskal's(1776)illustrationwasreferredtobybothCuvier(1817,p.396)and
Lamarck(1819,p.339)asprobablyaspecimenofPleurobranchusperoniiCuvier,1804;
thisisinfactadifTerentspecies.Lamarck'sreference(1819,p.339)totheillustrationas
'AnLepusmarinus?'suggeststhathedidnotconsiderForsskal'snametobemorethan
adescriptivevernacularname.Riippell&Leuckart([1828],pp.18-20,pi.5,figs.2a,b)
BulletinofZoologicalNomenclature50(I)March1993 17
gave the name Pleurohranvhusforskalii to the species illustrated by Forsskai, and
referredtohisuseofthename'Lepusmarinus'.
3. Article11boftheCoderequiresthattobeavailableaname'mustbe...usedasa
scientificnameby theauthorwhen published'. It isclearthat Forsskaidid notuse
'Lepusmarinus'asascientificnameandthatnoneoftheauthorslistedabove(Cuvier,
Lamarck,Leuckart,LinnaeusandRiippell)accepteditassuch,althoughitconsistsof
two Latinwords. However, Sherborn (1902)listed Lepusmarinus Forsskaiwithout
comment as an apparently available name, as did Pilsbry (1896) in his use ofthe
binomenOscaniusmarinusForsskaiasvalidforforskaliiRiippell&Leuckart.
4. TheearliestavailablenameforForsskal'sIndo-WestPacificspecieshasgenerally
beenthoughttobePleurohranchusforskaliiRiippell&Leuckart,[1828].However,Delle
ChiajeusedthenamePleurohranchusforskahliforadifferentspeciesendemictothe
Mediterranean.Withoneexception,allworkershaveconsideredthedateofpublication
ofbothnamestobe1828(seeWinckworth,1942,fordatesofpublicationofRiippell&
Leuckart)andhavetreated/"./orfAa/;//DelleChiaje(November1828,p.154)asajunior
homonymofPleurohranchusforskaliiRiippell&Leuckart.TheexceptionisIsselwho
(1869,p. 162)proposedthereplacementnameP. ruppelliiforRiippell&Leuckart's
species,butthishasbeenignored.DelleChiaje'sspecificname/(7/-,?A"a/;//isnormallycited
asavailablefromNovember1828.However,anAtlasofPlatescontainingtherelevant
figureswaspublishedin1822.ThenamePleurohranchusforskahliappearsatthebottom
ofpi.41,referringtofig.11,therebymakingthatspecificnameavailablefrom1822,In
his 1828 publication Delle Chiaje, after a two-line Latin description followed by
'nobis",citedForsskal'sreferenceas'AnLepusmarinus?FORSKAHLFn.arab.tab
xxviii".AlthoughDelleChiajeidentifiedhisspecieswithForsskal'sthiswasincorrect
andhisillustrationanddescriptionshowthathewasintroducinganewnameforthe
Mediterranean species. Cantraine (1835) recognized that there were two distinct
species. He proposed the replacement name Pleurohranchus testudinarius for the
Mediterraneanspeciesinthebeliefthatthetwonameswerehomonymsandonthemis-
takenassumptionthatRiippell&Leuckart'snamehadpriority.Cantraine'sdescription
bears the annotation 'V. Leuckart' implying that he was acting on advice from
Leuckart.UnderArticle'ild(\)forskaliimustbecorrectedtoforskalii;thisspellingis
notidenticaltoforskahliandunderArticle57ftheycannotbetreatedashomonyms.
5. It follows from this argument that the names Pleurohranchusforskahli Delle
Chiaje, 1822 (for the Mediterranean species) and P.forskaliiRiippell & Leuckart,
[1828](fortheIndo-West Pacificspecies)arebothavailable.TheIndo-WestPacific
specieshasbeengivenmanynames,butthetwomostconsistentlyandrecentlyusedare
PleurohranchusJbrskaliiRiippell&LeuckartandP.seinperi{YayssieTe, 1896)forthe
darkandlightcolourformsrespectively.TheMediterraneanspecies,afteraperiodof
nomenclaturalconfusion (seePilsbry, 1896), hasconsistentlyhad thespecificname
testudinarius Cantraine, 1835 applied to it in combination with the generic name
Pleurohranchusortwoofitssynonyms,OscaniusGray, 1847andSusaniaGray, 1857
(seeWillan,1987).Authorsusingthenametestudinariusinthesecombinationsinclude
Haefelfinger(1960,pp.334,347).Schmekel(1968,pp.113,149)andCattaneo-Vietti&
Thompson(1989,p. 195);afurther20papersareheldbytheCommissionSecretariat.
ToadoptthepriornamePleurohrcmchusforskahliDelleChiaje,1822wouldcausegreat
confusion,notonlybecausethespeciesiscurrentlyknownasP.testudinarius.butalso
becausetheverysimilarnameP.forskaliiisusedfortheIndo-WestPacificspecies,
.
18 BulletinofZoologicalNomenclature50(1)March1993
whichhasalsoenteredtheeasternMediterraneanthroughtheSuezCanal(Barash&
Danin,1977.pp.97,103).
6. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature is accordingly
asked:
(1) touseitsplenarypowerstosuppressthespecificnameforskahliDelleChiaje,
1822,aspublishedinthebinomenPleurohrcmchusforskahli,forthepurposesof
thePrincipleofPrioritybutnotforthoseofthePrincipleofHomonymy;
(2) toplacethefollowingnamesontheOfficialListofSpecificNamesinZoology:
(d)forskalii Riippell & Leuckart, [1828]. as published in the binomen
Pleurobranchusforskaliv,
(b)H'siudmariusCantraine, 1835.aspublishedinthebinomenPleurohranclnis
lestudinarius;
(3) to place on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in
Zoology thenameforskahliDelleChiaje, 1822. aspublished in thebinomen
Plewobranchusforskahliandassuppressedin(1)above.
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