Case 2758. Buprestis Linnaeus, 1758 and Chrysobothris Eschcholtz, 1829 (Insecta, Coleoptera): proposed conservation by the designation of Buprestis octoguttata Linnaeus, 1758 as the type species of Buprestis

4 Pages·1993·0.87 MB·English

by  G H Nelson

.
BulletinofZoologicalNomenclature50(1)March1993 23
Case2758
Bupi-estis Linnaeus, 1758 and Chiysohothris Eschscholtz, 1829
(Insecta, Coleoptera): proposed conservation by thedesignation of
Bupi-estis octoguttata Linnaeus, 1758 asthe typespeciesofBuprestis
G.H. Nelson
CollegeofOsteopathic MedicineofthePacific, CollegePlaza, Pomona.
California 91766-1889. U.S.A.
W.F. Barr
UniversityofIdaho, Moscow. Idaho83843, U.S.A.
Abstract.Thepurposeofthisapphcationistoconservetheuniversalunderstanding
and usage ofthe names Buprestis Linnaeus, 1758 and Chrysobothris Eschscholtz,
1829(familybuprestidaeLeach, 1815,thejewelbeetles)bydesignatingB. octogut-
tata Linnaeus, 1758 as the type species of Buprestis. At present B. cluysostigma
Linnaeus, 1758 isthevalid type species ofboth Buprestisand Chrysobotliris. Both
genera, which have worldwide distribution, include species which are serious
economicpests.
1 Linnaeus(1758,p.408)establishedthegenusBuprestiswith19includedspecies.
Amongthese wereoctoguttata, mariana and cluysostigma. By 1800morethan 250
specieshadbeendescribedinthegenusalthoughnotypespecieshadbeendesignated.
ManyofthespeciesoriginallyincludedbyLinnaeusarenowplacedinothergenera.
2. GeofTroy (1762, p. 123) replaced the name Buprestis Linnaeus with his new
nameCucujusand(p. 137)usedBuprestisinplaceofthecarabidnamesCarabusand
CicindelaLinnaeus, 1758.ThiswasrecordedbyMiiller(1764,pp.xvi,xvii).Neither
CucujusnorBuprestishavebeenadoptedinGeoffroy'ssense;inanapplicationtothe
Commission Kerzhner (BZN 48: 120) has proposed the conservation of Cucujus
Fabricius, 1775(thetypegenusofthecucujidae)bythesuppressionofallprevious
usesofthename Cucujus.
3. Eschscholtz(1829,p.9)estabhshedthegenusChrysobothriswiththreeincluded
species: Buprestis chrysostigma, B. impressa Fabricius, 1775 (p. 220) and B. affinis
Fabricius, 1794 (p. 450). No type species was designated. Eschscholtz originally
spelledthegenericnameasChrysobotrisbutthishasnotbeenusedforover150years
andanapplicationfortheconservationofChrvsobothrishasbeenpublished(BZN
49: 120-121).
4. AnumberoftypespeciesdesignationshavebeenmadeforBuprestisLinnaeus
and ChrysobotlirisEschscholtz,extendingoverseveralyears. Latreille(1810,p.426)
designated Buprestis chrysostigma 'Fab." (i.e. Fabricius, 1775, p. 219, who cited
Linnaeus)as the type species ofBuprestis. SubsequentlyWestwood ([1838], p. 24),
apparently overlooking the earlier designation, designated B. chrysostigma as the
typespeciesofChrysobothris, therebyrendering the lattername ajuniorobjective
24 BulletinofZoologicalNomenclature50(1)March1993
synonymofBuprestis.ThetypespeciesdesignationsinWestwood'sSynopsisofthe
generaofBritish insectswereacceptedasvalid in Opinion 71 (January 1922). The
dates ofpublication ofthe work were set out in Direction 63 (June 1957). Gozis
(1886.p. 20)designated 8. octoguttataasthetypespeciesofBuprestis.Chamberlin
(1926, p. 24) designated B. affinis Fabricius as the type species of Chrysobothris.
Richter(1952.p. 190)designatedB.marianaLinnaeusasthetypespeciesofBuprestis
and(p. 199)B. impressaFabriciusasthetypespeciesofChrysobothris.
5. In 1837 Kirby (p. 156) established Odontomus as a subgenus of Buprestis;
however, he designated B. chrysostigma as the type species, thereby rendering
Odontomus a junior objective synonym of Buprestis Linnaeus. 1758 (following
Latreille's type designation). Odontomus is also a junior objective synonym of
Chrysobothris Eschscholtz. 1829 (as typified by Westwood the following year).
Kirby'sclassificationdidnotincludeanominotypical(inthemodernsense)subgenus
Buprestis(Buprestis).
6. CurrentusageofBuprestisandChrysobothrisisconsistentwithoctoguttataand
chrysostigma respectively as the type species. However, a strict adherence to the
PrincipleofPriorityandtherecognitionofLatreille's(1810)designationofchryso-
stigmaas the typeofBuprestiswould necessitateusing Buprestisasthevalidname
forthegenusnowcalled Chrysobothris,with Chrysobothrisbeingajuniorobjective
synonym. Anothername would be required for Buprestisascurrently understood.
The next available is that ofAncylochira Eschscholtz. 1829 (p. 9), published with
octoguttataandBuprestisrusticaLinnaeus. 1758(p.409)amongthesevenincluded
nominalspecies.Westwood([1838].p.24)designatedrusticaasthetypeofthegenus.
Ancylochirahas been considered ajuniorsubjectivesynonym ofBuprestisand has
beenusedasavalidnamebyonlyasinglerecentauthor.Richter(1952).who(p.26)
erroneouslycitedoctoguttataasthetypespecies.
7. Thequestionofthestatusofthenames Buprestisand Chrysobothrishaslong
been recognized. Kerremans (1906. pp. 174-176) noted that there was confusion
amongearlierauthorsintheuseofBuprestis;heacceptedB. octoguttataasthetype
species. Mequignon (1939. pp. 48^9; a member ofthe Commission at that time)
pointedoutthattheusageofthenamesBuprestisand Chrysobothrisdidnotaccord
with Latreille's (1810) type designation; he proposed to refer the problem to the
InternationalCongressofZoologyforasuspensionoftheCode.Fisher(1942,p.3)
noted: 'On account ofthe wide distribution and great number ofspecies, and an
unbrokenhistoryofconstantuniversalusageforover 100years,andsinceachange
of name at this late date would cause greater confusion than uniformity, the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature will be requested to place
Chrysobothris Eschscholtz, with Buprestis chrysostigma Linnaeus as type, and
Buprestis Linnaeus, with B. octoguttata Linnaeus as type, on the Official List of
Generic Namesundersuspension oftherules". Schaefer(1949, p. 26)and Bellamy
(1985,p.408)supportedCommissionactiontodesignateB. octoguttataasthetype
ofBuprestis.DespitethesestatementsanapplicationtotheCommissionhasnotbeen
madeuntilnow.
8. Cobos (1986, p. 112) noted the inclusion of600 valid species worldwide in
Chrysobothrisand80speciesinBuprestis.Therehasbeenaconsiderableamountof
literaturepublishedonanumberofthecommonspeciesincludedinthegenera,both
taxonomicandecological(see,forexample,Casey, 1909,p.51;Arnett, 1962,p.486;
BulletinofZoologicalNomenclature50(1)March1993 25
Bily,1989.pp.42,66;Bright,1987,p.94.Alistofafurthereightreferences,allexcept
one (1949) published since 1971, is held by the Commission Secretariat). Several
species areeconomic pests (forexample, Buprestisaurulenla Linnaeus, B. apricans
Herbst, Chrysohothrisfcmonita (Olivier) and C. nuili Horn) and much applied
literaturehasbeenpublishedonthese(see,forexample,Knull, 1950,p. 192;Furniss
& Carolin, 1977, p. 257). A transfer ofthe name Buprestis to the genus currently
calledChrysohothris,andAncylochiraEschscholtzusedinplaceofBuprestis(para.6
above), would result in great confusion. Buprestis and Chrysohothris are the type
generaofthefamily-grouptaxabuprestidaeLeach,1815andchrysobothriniGory
& Laporte, [1839]respectively.
9. It has already been proposed (BZN 49; 121) that Chrysohothris Eschscholtz,
1829andthenameofitstypespeciesBuprestischrysostigmaLinnaeus,1758beplaced
ontheappropriateOfficial Lists.
10. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature is accordingly
asked;
(1) touseitsplenarypowerstosetasideallpreviousfixationsoftypespeciesfor
the nominal genus Buprestis Linnaeus, 1758 and to designate Buprestis
octoguttataLinnaeus, 1758asthetypespecies;
(2) toplaceontheOfficialListofGenericNamesinZoologythenameBuprestis
Linnaeus, 1758 (gender: feminine), type species by designation in (1) above
BuprestisoctoguttataLinnaeus, 1758;
(3) toplaceontheOfficialListofSpecificNamesinZoologythenameoctoguttata
Linnaeus, 1758,aspublishedinthebinomen Buprestisoctoguttata Linnaeus,
1758(specificnameofthetypespeciesofBuprestis);
(4) to place on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in
Zoology the name Odontomus Kirby, 1837 (ajunior objective synonym of
ChrysohothrisEschscholtz, 1829).
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