Caryocaris (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) from the Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental of Southern Bolivia

5 Pages·1996·3 MB·English

by  Joseph T Hannibal

1
KIRTLANDIA
The Cleveland Museum of Natural History
February 1996 Number49:7-1
CARYOCAR1S (CRUSTACEA: PHYLLOCARIDA)
FROM THE ORDOVICIAN OF THE CORDILLERA ORIENTAL
OF SOUTHERN BOLIVIA
JOSEPH HANNIBAL
T.
TheClevelandMuseumofNaturalHistory
1 WadeOvalDrive
Cleveland, Ohio44106-1767
and
RODNEYM.FELDMANN
DepartmentofGeology
KentState University
Kent, Ohio44242
ABSTRACT
AspecimenofCaryocarisSalterfromQuebradadeChaupiuno,northwestTarija,Bolivia,
has well-preserved posteriorspinelets. The base ofthe carapace horn is also preserved.
Examinationofthisspecimenallowsforareinterpretationofthemorphologyofsomeprevi-
ouslyreportedspecimensofthegenusfromSouthAmerica.
8 HANNIBALANDFELDMANN No.49
Introduction
CaryocarisSalterisawidespreadgenusofphyllocarid,
havingbeenreportedfromtheOrdovicianofChina(Shen,
1986), New Zealand (Chapman, 1934), Australia (Jell,
1980), EuropeandNorthAmerica(Chlupac, 1969, p. 44;
Rolfe, 1969, p. R316), as well as Peru, Argentina, and
Bolivia in South America (Figure 1). Caryocaris acuta
Bulman, 1931, found in the Ordovician ofPeru, was the
onlySouthAmericanphyllocaridnotedinthecomprehen-
sive listing ofVan Straelen and Schmitz (1934, Tabulae
Geographicae,p.212).Thisspecieshasbeencitedanum-
ber of times and was illustrated (fig. 16, 14a) in
Camacho’s Invertebrados Fosiles (1975), published in
Argentina. AhlfeldandBranisa(1960,p.44)wereproba-
blythefirstauthorstonotethepresenceofCaryocarisin
Argentina, however. They reported Caryocaris sp. from
theRioToroarea,southofLaQuiaca,inthe“Arenigian”
ofnorthern Argentina. Later, Acenolazaet al. (1976)
described and illustrated specimens ofCaryocaris from
the “Arenigian” ofthe La Alumbrera River region,
CatamarcaProvince,northwestArgentina.Theyalsonoted
the occurrence ofthe genus in the Acoite Formation of
Sierra de Cajas, Jujuy Province, northwest Argentina.
Ramos (1984), in the most comprehensive paper on
Argentinian caryocaridids to date, reviewed mostoccur-
rences in that country, corrected misidentifications, and
providedalocalitymapshowingtheirdistribution.Healso
described and illustrated specimens ofCaryocaris from 0 500
Piscunosur,DepartamentoLaPoma,northwestArgentina. Scalekm
Several Bolivian occurrences ofCaryocaris have been
Ttnaorbteleemdab1d)y,oScwuhaaronedzr-eASprooerruntcieogd(Cf1aa9u7rn6y,aoscf,iagr.ain2s6d)spCa.anrdaysHoucogcachrueirssri(an1c9gu8t0ia,n FCairgyuorcear1i.sLioncaSloiuttyhmAamperischao.wi1n,gHuoiccchuiryruenni,cePserouf
BCaurlTymhoaecnaprauisrspoco(csHueurnrotifenrgtihaiinnsLnMlouatnseveiirus/mLtolaGdneLdseAcirlHiobMfeaua1na0ss1p.1e3c9i)mefnroomf p((aABplueflrem)la;dn,a3,nd1R9f3Bo1r)aT;nio2sr,ao,Qau1re9eb6a0,r)a;sdoa4u,tdhSeioeCfrhraLauapdieQuuCniaoaj,caasB,,olAAirrvggieeanntt(tiihnniaas
Bolivia and to briefly comment on other, previously (localities4-9afterRamos, 1984,whichcontainsaddition-
describedmaterialfromSouthAmerica.Descriptionofthe aldataandreferencesontheseoccurrences); 5, Sierrade
wreeilnlt-eprprreestetrhveedfosBsoillisvpiraenvisoupselcyimreepnormtaedkefsroimtAprogsesnitbilnea.to TAagsutiilla,r,ArAgregnetnitnian;a;8,6,RfPoisLcaunAolusumrb,rAerrgae,ntAirngae;nt7i,nPau;er9,taRfdoe
Gualcamayo,Argentina.
According to L. Branisa (personal communication to
W. D. I. Rolfe), the Bolivian specimen isfromQuebrada
de Chaupiuno, northwestTarija, nearthejunction ofthe Because the specimen ofCaryocariswas collected in
Rio San Juan andRio Pilaya (Figure 1, locality 2). Itis the same horizon as the graptolite Tetragraptus
preservedonasmallslabofdarkgraysiltstone.Thespeci- quadribrachiatus (Hall), it was assigned to the Lower
men is part ofa small assemblage, now housed at the Ordovician (Arenig)byL. Branisa(personalcommunica-
Hunterian Museum ofScotland, from the Quebradade tion to W.D.I. Rolfe, 1962; see alsoAlfeldand Branisa,
Chaupiunolocality.Thisassemblagealsoincludesatleast 1960, fig. 14). Acenolazaet al. (1976) also assigned a
one other small slab containing phyllocarid specimens, faunacontaining T. quadribrachiatusand Caryocaristo
possibly Caryocaris, butthe additional material is frag- theArenig. ThedistributionofT. quadribrachiatus, how-
mentary and poorly preserved. Other specimens in this ever, may extend into the Llanvirnian (Acenolaza and
assemblagearepreservedinshalesthatrangeincolorfrom Durand, 1975). Rivas et al. (1969) have described the
paleyellowishbrowntomediumgraytomottledbrownish stratigraphyoftheOrdovicianoftheTarijaarea,andhave
greyandpalered. providedastratigraphic section oftherocksofthatarea.
1996 CARYOCARISFROMSOUTHERNBOLIVIA 9
Geologic mapping donejust to the south ofthe Bolivian Figure 2. Caryocaris sp., Hunterian Museum GLAHM
locality(Pacheoetal., 1991)indicatesthattheCaryocaris 101139, from Bolivia. A, Entire specimen, scale bar= 1
specimen probably came from the PircanchaFormation, mm;B,Cameralucidadrawingofspecimen.
whichis,atleastinpart,Llanvirnian.
SystematicPaleontology Anterodorsalcornerproduced intobaseofcarapace horn.
Anterior margin probably convex. Curved thin groove
SuperorderPhyllocaridaPackard, 1879 delineateslunate areaadjacenttoanteriormargin. Ventral
OrderArchaeostacaClaus, 1888 margin smoothly and moderately convex. Ventral border
SuborderCeratiocarinaClarkeinZittel, 1900 wide, with strong, rounded, centrally locatedventral ridge
FamilyCeratiocarididaeSalter, 1860 separatedfromcarapaceby shallowmarginal groove (bor-
GenusCaryocarisSalter, 1863 derline).Ridgeandgroovemarkedbyposterodorsallyori-
Caryocarissp. entedornamentation.Ventralbordersmooth,exceptforsev-
Figures2-3 eral posteriorly directed, veryfine spinules locatedtoward
Description posterior.Posteriormarginstraight,inclinedslightlydorsad,
Carapace 20.8 mm long, elongate, average size for terminatingwithmanyshort,closelyspaced(aboutnineper
genus. Dorsal line moderately convex, maximum valve mm),posteriorlydirectedsecondaryspinules.Posterodorsal
width 7.9 mm, with greatest widthjust anterior to andposteroventralcomersofcarapaceproducedasbasesof
midlength. Width ofposteriorless than thatofanterior. posterodorsalspineandlargeposteroventralspinule.
10 HANNIBALANDFELDMANN No.49
al., 1976); and Caryocaris sp. from Piscuno sur,
Departmento La Poma, Provinciade Salta, Argentina
(Ramos, 1984). The Bolivian specimen described here,
withawidth-to-lengthratioof1:2.7,islesselongatethan
is C. acuta, which, based on Bulman’s average measure-
ments,has awidth-to-lengthratioof 1:3.5. However,this
average figure may be skewedby the inclusion ofspeci-
mens that may be partially enrolled. The very elongate
shapeofthePeruvianspecimenfiguredbyBulman(1931,
pi. xi, fig. 7) suggests enrollment ofthe holotype. The
Bolivianspecimenappearstohaveamorecurveddorsum
thandoestheholotypeofC.acuta,butthiscouldbedueto
enrollmentofthe latterspecimen. Also, the natureofthe
posteriorofC.acutaisnotknown,hamperingcomparison.
TheoverallshapeofthecarapaceoftheBolivianspeci-
men is similarto that ofatleast some ofthe specimens
fromArgentinadescribedandillustratedbyRamos(1984).
The length-to-widthratio ofthecarapace ofthe Bolivian
Figure 3. Caryocaris sp., Hunterian Museum GLAHM specimen is alsosimilartothelargespecimensdescribed
101139, from Bolivia, close-up ofposteriorofcarapace, by Ramos. Upon first inspection, however, the Bolivian
showingposteriorspinules,scalebar=1mm. specimen seemstodifferin several waysfromthe speci-
men reconstructedby Ramos (1984, fig. 2). Examination
ofthe well-preservedBolivian specimen suggests arevi-
Remarks sionoftheinterpretationofsomeoftheArgentineanmate-
This specimen probably represents most ofthe cara- rial. The “posterior” ofthe carapace ofsome illustrated
pace, with the left side foldedbeneath theright. Mostof specimens (Ramos, 1984, PI. 1, at leastthose specimens
theexposedpartofthespecimenispartoftherightvalve, seeninfigs,a&b)isactuallytheanterior.Theanteriorof
butinplaces,forinstancealongpartoftheposteriormar- thecarapaceofRamos’sreconstruction(fig.2)isthepos-
gin, the right valve seems to be broken away, exposing terior.Thisnecessitateschangingofthepositionofthetel-
portions ofthe left valve. This is indicated by a drop, sonandabdomentotheothersideofthecarapaceasillus-
denoted by hachures on Figure 2B, from one layer to trated.Withthesechanges,thisreconstructionmoreclose-
anotherneartheposterodorsalcorner.Partoftheleftvalve ly resembles the specimen illustrated herein as well as
may alsobe exposedalongtheanteriormargin. Itisalso otherdescribedspecimensofCaryocaris.
possiblethattheventralborderasinterpretedhereincludes The apparent lack ofcarapace spinules, as well as
some overlapping parts ofboth the right and left valve. carapace horns, on various previously described speci-
Most ofthe carapace is finely and irregularly wrinkled, mensofthegenusfromSouthAmericamaywellbedue
probablyduetotaphonomicprocesses. to poorpreservation. Ifthis is so, it argues forthe syn-
Theimpression ofamandible ispreservedtowardthe onymy ofRhinopterocarisand Caryocarissuggestedby
anteriorofthe specimen. This impression shows thatthe Rolfe(p. 183 inTheokritoff, 1964; 1969,p.R316; 1981,
mandibleofCaryocarisisaveragesizedforaphyllocarid. p. 23). These two taxa were distinguished by the pres-
Transversemarkings,approximatelyequallyspaced,inthe enceorabsenceofcarapacespinulesandproducedcara-
posterodorsalportionofthecarapaceprovidesomeindica- pacehorns.
tionofthoracicand/orabdominalsegmentationimpressed Caryocaris has often, but notalways (Churkin, 1966,
throughthecarapace. p. 377), been found in association with, orin the same
The overall shape ofthis specimen, coupledwith the layers ofstrata as, graptolites (Rolfe, 1969, p. R307;
presence ofposterior spinules (Chlupac, 1969) permits BassettandBerg-Madsen, 1993; Chlupac, 1969,pp. 66).
confident placement ofthis specimen in the genus Infact,Gurley(1896,p.86-88)describedcaryocarididsas
Caryocaris. Comparison ofthis specimen to other graptolites! TheBolivianoccurrencereportedhereislike
describedspecimensishampered,however,byourimper- mostprevious occurrences as far as age and association
fectknowledgeofthemorphologyofpreviouslydescribed with graptolites is concerned. The similarity ofthecara-
caryocaridids from South America including the Upper paceofCaryocaristopartsofvariousgraptolites,coupled
Ordovician Caryocaris acuta, from Huichiyuni (near with the presumably close physical relationship of
Limpucuni), northwestPeru (Bulman, 1931); Caryocaris Caryocaris to various graptolites as part ofOrdovician
sp.fromtheAcoiteFormationofArgentina(Acenolazaet plankton,hasbeensuggestedtobetheresultofmimicry.
.
1996 CARYOCARISFROMSOUTHERNBOLIVIA
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