Cartilage Restoration PDF
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Cartilage RReessttoorraattiioonn Practical Clinical Applications Second Edition Jack Farr Andreas H. Gomoll Editors 123 Cartilage Restoration Jack Farr • Andreas H. Gomoll Editors Cartilage Restoration Practical Clinical Applications Second Edition Editors Jack Farr, MD Andreas H. Gomoll, MD OrthoIndy Knee Preservation and Department of Orthopedic Surgery Cartilage Restoration Center of Indiana Hospital for Special Surgery Indianapolis, IN, USA New York, NY, USA ISBN 978-3-319-77151-9 ISBN 978-3-319-77152-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77152-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018942017 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2014, 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to three very important groups. First to our families, who wondered why we were spending extra hours editing, writing and rewriting the text, yet supported us throughout. Second, to our mentors, friends, and fathers of cartilage restoration. They not only made our chosen subspecialty possible, but inspired and challenged us to pursue this field as well as helped contribute chapters in this book. Finally, to the next generation of cartilage surgeons and scientists. We wish them well striving to give their patients the best possible treatment even while enduring the increasingly difficult government regulatory and socioeconomic health care environment. While cartilage restoration is effective in improving comfort and function, the goal of preventing arthritis remains elusive. In that light, the editors, Farr and Gomoll, have both donated all their royalties from this book to the Cartilage Research Foundation to support research on the modification and prevention of arthritis. Foreword With tremendous esteem for the thought leaders who have contributed to this textbook and with a wealth of enthusiasm surrounding the information pre- sented herein, it is my honor to introduce this textbook titled Cartilage Restoration: Practical Clinical Applications, Second Edition, edited by Drs. Jack Farr and Andreas Gomoll. As knowledge concerning the management of osteochondral pathology expands, the impetus arises in a parallel fashion for trailblazers in cartilage restoration to share their expertise. Among such trailblazers, Drs. Farr and Gomoll have continued to demonstrate their invaluable roles in the orthope- dic community since the first edition of this textbook with the high-level pub- lications and perspectives that they have put forward. By way of this edition, they have provided an update for all students of cartilage restoration, serving to distill and deliver increasingly robust information that will ultimately ben- efit patients whose symptoms, pathologies, and treatment options vary. The audience will become more precise and confident decision-makers by delv- ing into the discussed concepts, which include the role of stem cells in the surgical setting, innovative devices used to unload compartments of the knee, and the most current evidence regarding common operative techniques such as those that target meniscal pathologies, among the myriad other topics to be considered when treating the osteochondral unit. Because we must remain at the forefront of our profession in order to provide the best possible care for our patients, this reliable and stimulating textbook will prove to be extremely useful for physicians who manage pathologies of articular cartilage. Department of Orthopedics Brian J. Cole, MD, MBA Anatomy and Cell Biology Rush Cartilage Restoration Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA vii Acknowledgements Every book has someone who keeps the editors/authors on track, picks up loose ends, proofs, edits, and helps it become a reality. For this book, it was Dillen Wischmeier on our end and Michael D. Sova on the publisher’s side. Thank you. Many of our techniques were developed over time through patient out- comes: many published and more unpublished. For the tireless monitoring of our research efforts, we salute and thank research coordinator Vicki Snodgrass Miller at OrthoIndy Cartilage Restoration Center and Amy Phan at the Cartilage Repair Center. The techniques were honed in the operating room (OR). At OrthoIndy, I would like to recognize and thank my regular team lead by Denise Renick and many others who fill in when needed. In the first edition, the majority of chapters were written by one or both of us. With the second edition we enlisted the help of cartilage friends around the world to share their knowledge in their areas of special expertise. We feel this has greatly improved the quality of the book and thank each of them for their excellent contributions. The publisher graciously requested that we put this work together and then followed through with guidance and a quality support staff, especially Michael D. Sova who helped guide, develop, and coordinate our ideas. We attempted to update and create original illustrations. We not only appreciate the excellent artistic skills of Wendy Vetter and her staff but also very much appreciate their patience as we modified and re-modified the illustrations. Indianapolis, IN, USA Jack Farr, MD New York, NY, USA Andreas H. Gomoll, MD ix Contents Part I Overview Chapters 1 The Evolution of Cartilage Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Jack Farr and Andreas H. Gomoll 2 The Osteochondral Unit: The Importance of the Underlying Subchondral Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Tamás Oláh and Henning Madry 3 Imaging in Cartilage Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Goetz H. Welsch 4 “A Unifying Theory” Treatment Algorithm for Cartilage Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Andreas H. Gomoll, Christian Lattermann, and Jack Farr 5 Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Camila Maftoum Cavalheiro, Eric J. Cotter, Brian R. Waterman, and Brian J. Cole 6 Tibiofemoral Malalignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Andreas H. Gomoll 7 Meniscal Considerations in Cartilage Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Christian Lattermann and Chaitu Malempati 8 Patholaxity (Ligamentous) Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Mitchell Iung Kennedy, Zachary S. Aman, and Robert F. LaPrade 9 Patellofemoral Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Dean Wang, Beth E. Shubin Stein, and Sabrina M. Strickland 10 Staging and Practical Issues in Complex Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 David R. Christian, Lucy Oliver-Welsh, Adam B. Yanke, and Brian J. Cole 11 Orthobiologics: Today and Tomorrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Zaamin B. Hussain, Jorge Chahla, Robert F. LaPrade, and Bert R. Mandelbaum xi xii Contents 12 T he Regulatory Environment for Emerging Cartilage Repair Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Adam W. Anz and Caleb O. Pinegar 13 T he Role of Stem Cells in Surgical Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Adam W. Anz and Caleb O. Pinegar 14 T he Role of MSCs for Nonsurgical Treatment of OA . . . . . . . . 165 Silvia Lopa, Matteo Moretti, and Laura de Girolamo Part II Surgical Techniques Chapters 15 Debridement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Seth L. Sherman, Elliott E. Voss, Andrew J. Garrone, and Clayton W. Nuelle 16 Marrow Stimulation and Augmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Michael L. Redondo, Brian R. Waterman, Jack M. Bert, and Brian J. Cole 17 A ugmented Marrow Stimulation for Cartilage Repair . . . . . . . 207 Christoph Erggelet 18 Osteochondral Autograft Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Yen Hsun Chen, Yonah Heller, James Mullen, and Nicholas A. Sgaglione 19 Osteochondral Allograft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Luis Eduardo P. Tirico and William D. Bugbee 20 Perforated Allograft Cartilage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Jack Farr 21 A utologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Andreas H. Gomoll and Jack Farr 22 Arthroscopic Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Maurice S. Guzman, Thomas Bucher, Jay R. Ebert, and Gregory C. Janes 23 Particulated Cartilage Auto- and Allograft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Bjørn Borsøe Christensen, Martin Lind, and Casper Bindzus Foldager 24 C ell-Free Scaffolds for the Treatment of Chondral and Osteochondral Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Iacopo Romandini, Francesco Perdisa, Giuseppe Filardo, and Elizaveta Kon 25 Osteotomy for Tibiofemoral Malalignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Andreas H. Gomoll and Jack Farr Contents xiii 26 Patellofemoral Osteotomies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Jack Farr and Andreas H. Gomoll 27 Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Alan Getgood, Jack Farr, and Andreas H. Gomoll 28 Meniscal Augmentation and Replacement (Menaflex, Actifit, and NUsurface) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Aad Alfons Maria Dhollander, Vincenzo Condello, Vincenzo Madonna, Marco Bonomo, and Peter Verdonk 29 Unloading Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Konrad Slynarski and Lukasz Lipinski 30 Emerging Technologies in Cartilage Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Mats Brittberg Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
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