Cartea electricianului din staţii electrice şi posturi de transformare

305 Pages·1973·102.02 MB·English

by  I. Conecini, S. Răşanu, I. Tomescu, A. A. Ionescu

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fephcela si sanaatertion incigunts # cous eae ped apdeea te biped
Jnctiondit inlattonsoiton green 9 adeante treba kate Leer
Sonclar te explaniore pent ftdlgrar acetara

In almole cxpitle sta (alate amvdnattpraBlenste Fgots de organs se aprins
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Capitolul 2
PRINCIPALELE ELEMENTE ALE UNUI SIST®M
ENERGETIC

SPATULE ELECKIICE $1 POSIURITE
DE THANSKORMALE, ELEMENTE COMPONENTE,
ALK SISTEMYIUT FRERGETIC

Io seria generat
i mate de process de

Hoee) it ergtert ans oil yr
sp sinteinelar energie af 1eapesty 0

es coer

Shon ela care aezves2 pe
pocures cnergieh rey tormd otlisblay cenvenia arate
dee iectrie i cose combina! i cues eertvea 9 euegle termic
sores, Aitrbitie a avharea ‘ong lection
"Fonte eoapotle eau sistent" ceengelte sal acters
tun proces cau donot le prucurery Uanngocy Ubtviaule gf eux
de vuurgeelstred nau teri
Gall cecrnargetis ole un sual We vestras, sey postnk
Hineq'ivare sl rseptoare ce energie eketrisa, emt e prin
pile sue! retee eeetiie, satel elecrnenergets svpreiala parton
ca Stemi eves gf stint icine fe proaere a
Pile eleisee(gcheratenslo), astileae(ranstiomare 9 sexton
Plt tensune a a cll post de ransurat) asta] Me he
facts astlbule a eneagll letrice lee de raRA, medi sh
nang) gf isla do lla a acest

a
a elomeste pipe ate unul satin energetit, stale eerie, pn
ce etna pst de rou rmare ff tt ig a
Gesvap icine (cet) Synlett, posoeat ad awa ase
Pawtl de transormere sink seats cinrawtagsamy de eteats de
five ondonat tects spaze dele ray ar nodal eles ape
Wain stb fot Saar eae!

TDenaree puncte de allzeutare 4° posture de trnsfornare set
sta eoied ue enesten specs de triage ele os
Tea nonecoh eat seel leeier ae dibufe trent ye
famnatie, dennis Mie dech eu nlnhain tna geal
ais elotie de apse, sated coneeanijes esiomeaane
par ce (oniran

Prot situate partcnare a care apardsonfo ntre asie ete
dor de ng sev fave precesie mses

a olin gacalt saa decries estan ansible instal
let de sonstact (ale unex are fee pte att ae
tea suegaly te eae at realtaea eal pun udu son mmstonzle
fenis oesrnaren pote prodisy Ie cbs eamextiaed Want HT
lems lacus ait deacons dds some ete
at santonmtoarde i

Gx cof geaera, youd defrensfrmare — eanstnetiyg ane
nal este sete eleskeh de tranaformate cobstlone, oe w puters
igo 250044 tm te ealtaey ener’ dnt ote

rf He's ensure rnd (pate 109) fost etune es
PoC), tn sept aleuentas Geller lets de liza

Fa

Sitsilor, pure! er alimentare gate o slate slstrios care realizoaz
fines enor lin de mode tensiuae i vederes ofessuirit anal
nt ae palace

Than ca eetinijie goaeralt, etipamerta’ secre son aparata sfc
Gh nolan) silace sizate A iv2eela eraze — emstileie
rable pice $1 Uopocitive acayite nel dnatnlei okeleice geal
daigees fancloanree in. bane, consi. ponte. penmi:e reglars:
jiiat y. promis avtomata sex menwtume,s, precast peat
ticres Canstaonant staquler” 98 pontarlios de tzenstutmare

ASIFICAMEA SIATHLOW ELECIRICE EN FUNCTIE DI
ROLUL Lom IV SISTEMUL ENERGETIC

Pps vat tor tn sister enengece, stile eet pt ft impacite
irdeto cates [8]
Emil de oweare sine stile A cbroefuosliuae este de a eatin
ia i ston exergetie a paises: datorta areca earecte pe base
ini. blosr_ enerater-inaatormator i
IS sje ae conciand stay staf n caro foncfinae este dea tectan
jie patereIntee 4nd cw nai mtte pute ale ister tal ene
Tn acess! Lenstaue sam tyes dteite myle do tensiuae, In scopal
ist de patere penta zonele-de coast Sncoajartonte, Tira a el
ft avert consunaates} eoncautrah
WP Stat de das bute sul stile eitor fonetiuae este de a
fig Gece coysunatnt peta tezastormatease mautate 1 salir
Tak de varord adduc
BL Suad eu func ovo te stot state care thdeptines> mat sale
find Hintze eee devise anterior

Shaft de record adine “eprerlatd wr eax particular al stata’ do
Dale, Aveste stat sol situate la eonaunatel, atimentarer Tasior
fieadossrou duo tansiaait inte arts faaley ik spc pleses

i ropte de fronefinare tatornodire
fp Lusisore nat sini, stile lelr en pot G impiaite ty
fie Wensiornere, cary prtuese gi istribi.e enersin cleric days
Afuastormi ds tao toastune faba stato de eavestni, etre
ia aoort ale siemtet energetic, reaatng legstoca detce 4a:
of de berecnesae.
Fpl eu siajaleehectree debitensd energia (a o tens:
tt inks duet assen x sive 0 primes, eo pvt fe ieMoare pew cn
Satie de twnsformare rdletoare sine azaplasate ia imvediota apr
piore 9 eontralelor sletsies sf aw ro'ul de a vidi tenslanea li oipol
Ltansporinin ecououie al Sauryiet leetnices pela, alle de actin

Statile de tnsformare eotortoare a4 sulat de a eahors tersinaca
pind ta vatoarea necesa“d pent dIetruirea «grin relslle de waede
Sasa teusinne

‘In funcrie de sstemele a2 conesiund staple clestice se impart in
Govt stegrit gi anime

Sta} Teh hare’ eolestoare

StI, bage ealectoare,

cent dia nem se subdivid in schema ey 1, 2 su 3 bare oolectuars

‘1 su fare posbiliagt de weirs a tabrsraptostelor“iccuiteer uterexee,

3, GLASIFICAREA POSTCRILOR DE TRANSFORMARE $14
PUNCIRLON DE ALIMENTARE,

pune de posturi 8s traasbeaare sl punete de alimeutate xin die
fecile in fnacje de paterea aominali, modul de moneda iu vee: fe
Jal sonsusnttontor germanen,j, tmapocari debnl sau tually 3 colatis

Ele siat grupate ia test categocii zepreceaistive

= Postafl de transformare seriexe tiontate pe stip de ston sau
de lema, sentra climenticivarile eu puter epriise alee 2) 0 kN
cordate ln dosvafile ofeelor de OC) oan 219) KY 5

~ Posturt de transformate im ennstuctie motaiel epczate diet pe
sel, pent alinentart shane sou tasparace Gauls) ee pled eeeeh:
fncre 190-100 kVA;

= Posturi de trarsferimare in tuciperi enpraternns a gebterene
(i cabiue de tid, fe inedper! special tecerae din farince tabnclog ee
{a parterut iceurilor de Jocuinge, ta construcjie su Mtetaad slscn ate
movtiad constnatort periiaceati din teelels urbane sh eoncumatan
industrial sou aginst

14 general toate aoiste tpt le posts de Eranstonmate ae vealizear
or elomente profabricave, aceasta prez unaitourels aveatafe

= execufie hedustalas

S murisees rapid

sefolosice tata a pretabrieatslor tn ean de detinjate « pastels

u

Eonar in aatl ceperit side eotoutal de 6-38 KY
Cspitelul 2

SCHEME DE CONEXIUNE $1 SOLUTM CONSTRUCTIVE
PENTRE STATH SI POSTURI DE TRANSFORMARE,

23, SCHEME DE CONEXIUNI POLOSITE LA SRAM:
ELECTRICE

211 CRITERIE GENERALE TEHNIEE §: REONOMIZE
PENTRU AIRGHREA SCKEMELOR DE CONENIUNT

Sclimels Aectrice de comoxinm ale instalagitor yrinave din ea ie
Seetnice construe resieatil rerarterse ge) raat inprrtent al vl
‘alist ae insiatagit Tendinga do a se reallzs testalaie ci mel Sue
Stagtee sunpelas powesn suse “ta fost erette yi auiinicle dispel
fo condes Ie apetsia busi sume ate de Lipari ge vorgnte de mberte
{ceeisie de eoaesiind, detenninate fe eal din vin ne ak cour lew
Al savy ig eave ese push sh inelloncee @ topic elec. Avery
Gee de diveravioare a antvonat Ta aeeiagi timp a Leal. stein in
islesmeamet sule}at optizia, 8 cee mal indiene seette de em sioot
pont a acunild sale Aah, le alggeres uel seheme do. sunexivnt
fared stetl alettion eal ime sl ge sla Fa edocs Iealard a cota
Sorelle specifics alo lasteetel anslngse, lw sein do eit ap
SF infiuenjors stoartnva schemets In aeest teqp ae fine seana de []

= Line de eletin eng ole noel Weenie OL putelat sips
fe, gare se rater Ta tensile neces, etna te ee enceutl fn sever
reglaei, puterle si sureuti de seurteeut. awvsitilie de avrlinmne
Dentin festa agus ta cunetmiston, coiile Iogale de soumpss tree
fie tinpal avavil postulitgte de estindere (eistisitaten ip)
pvedsra de insted Ge nyglat ce

— Gerace exsumooelen alimentof, ‘eleritouce te sgrsunts
je acfioanre a abestor eonsumates, rspoetiy la exigent nooesind eu
privire fa Treeveala gi darate incresuperive. De estes, consiorator

Ft suflueasa aleyerea seheine? fo snarsiins prin aannite caractoristii
tioaa'e species ex de aseamphy nnees alien aveauitl ebortelas nor
rte potere ast sn, revere, sae trgminiWeforaneates a ke
teks de carsat see

Goracersicite vakipementust, respects calla'en ehipaicensue
J, pot sauna st wens! sete de eonexcane iy aod deosebis
fie in faeionaze « inteeruptaneein, treastocuutiacl 5 utes
jrtvreatasrelor itlizare.lallgenissed ‘wbupen “ipulal de eters
lei
—“Canattte de eapiontarg eave se calezd Ia amplisarea pe tinen
psu pt clmensivnile terenbs) ai la elataiew setemel pe save see}ule
fpateen: perwnshioa de exploasere,
2 Gites! auonentatat, rare be labrodus pein Sites anc
fcotsrtip de ciieula vensuaies, cel belle ie ancale seine de
le Tn wench fc, no oiar cemund efit Qe chelluiello anacle deterate
Jilorresarajites, taltbulllar enuesvalal propria “emagin pier
sot ds cosrpie, ctwtul sapigis neeraie ality Sete wowte: pe>
fate sat coedentale (daune fe wur'insilate), poeaizerle ent
jvc de 1s valor nowinile ele pecariescin de salitaee & energie
Jclees diene ve ealtste, cf side aveat Ie cesta aterteui a0"
i Hernpsare A inven,
Supa oplina repruzinta det compromisil antes woluean! inves

helosiests amdate st sdvvaee ated prebabil.

212 PRINCIALELE StHIE
OL091E,

= RLECTRIGE, DE) CONERIUNI

Scaemel: se eonesioni ale slagsor ccerioe euprind ty eatagaeia
uiccloe de somurarie ib prinnpet mvecuctaars, separatnase, sep0 a
bie is saving, siguton}s teats. Rast viinelofce age. ee. tat nod
lets dilaia! st fen dlepeeh ansveral se deeae ei lslor areas
Tine, tanstorctoe vir, gersive exsinntaren eotiol a slate
Deanreitoa este legal de taptol oh ac es oolestensh eumcgia de la
Wiste ss Sajonts (baudogid canfutigaloacele 1, gh Toy Fekselbee
Sst 20) fe exemplt pe Ani, ca fn tg. 211

Sryraica ele on sala en a faola tnésocuptoral dup oe asseta a ‘ost
this. Pa vederen royale, sebtcbille, Sepurscanrele de ntsc Is
Qiu se Jochid aluaelefed fits urneevi i fo sousah tm covieey rena

anos ana a ats Sse tie Ph Anmormess eh Ty
sie, Deoarece xormele do isha secusitgi sf protectin pestle
tof seurotrlavea eile de aces sip tnsii Hy puncte de here
Ione oars false se peter foto a euitelor de Legere tu pinta
Ep sopastnuine im Toc He seuetateutunre bite ageomtonte fh
eee El lation poate spore I
Skaiat demas cute de legs
inti, Se ceil ae
ie nbtr, pin techie Tal Jy
amdocustoral tema ash tee
pish eafil ia dele. fo ae fet
feperator Inte dy i urans anata
este nila alerting deaesy
Spot pla tense dea eapeta eps
Eatin dap ce na cenanertat de a
feapet! ue linia pote ine te
Ehiealk coymesv ct poate Hania
Gr Seana sce aooeua prvdeen
Sovealuaial de bale 3,
Dac louis se sound fy esstsreparain she! se taco
unipetasoleonieareld aotenfe pecromal deh layer pent
(Rordopsres sussnovul a atopa do cast sapat sl nih wae te
Tir etehgeten dip eaplaseaie 4 une! i, dept desanseaces tay
yuptorshis linea de thaseveare Sy! Sy a le inl lateare “h
Scfnouitctes potin poobebl dae posi, « Tyeenptorul se mu fe
Seponat cacy cep ae tne efertusrea nee de eke opoctivele
Goiemaaiaare ge protons cstrugeren sopircumeius 3, 900 918 9
IGalenortea tual nr poten seoste a aefene sepia va Ua
saul inetungas, hd ieulee yacvadae a bark, ek excep, rt
‘Rintad uonlancaécte Ty aliab dctaiorares Iai Sy tee ce faethe
Za'pral poi dnar sient pe eve! neh pbs

‘ee seteges mpl

uaa, sempowinea man

Secfiomrea Jongjudlols s bared eoletonts fa dona seer de bare
colette HU Io ge Lae eg, ot Hv eeparetrs area eps
‘Bogitadincl funcje te yond ie aaltate toni, tig 212 9),

FRovies sect or de inte ae toee ye rad 3ria tosiriaeea peels
2 stellar alerexte seel repetivn gis anamtardi Sor at
Toston soparitarieh Sey inlet seosteres ein funcliore a Tate

18

suleetoar, fg. 23. 2 a, Aceasta se prats Yemedia prin taseriorea «
Hh sepavatuare de cup longicndsna ‘eu fa fig. 21.8 by clad covieia
sufi ue tne se eutinde at ta separator de supe aati, Pate
Sepaciter de cupli tind eaehis Seeplnstns longhrndianls ob spac

a, fs,
be

1 ta, Sectcaan longue 2 ane) coke

ne ralensh tutus ue ged de eistctate modest, eazacterbat
Gece. false defect go da dn aeetile de bu emnace in dssle
iegs slaps, foneienneaseclel neavantte fend res chy
Bea ssl delete prin Geshiteen cup
Treverfn attarepin sai ae copia conghidinad feed elastuitate
Hr fn egioat de funsiimarede supa ‘acts, Variaute () fa
Biz e vjaen svitext seartaja c@ Ty tasal ueni dette pe ena
Sesh ca slic de Dare satin yubrorts Lem aren
esrea intserurtorn cape
Bp regal te fuulinare cn cpl aocmsl desc pent Sita
Bvt ds series vasewta (2, statia elo i gener ala
ris tut suse iferte Me aecieu ttnwrnalseete ff Ta
AGfonaica iy servtoria capt ee suprwvegesta te aula
AAH (aaclangaes stomata seals nti va dear eee
iui Uasonins ot tnve-aptoral it desanetteet 9 dag o
Paved tmp In oxve seit. de hare aferes/4 amine netiess
Sclaneeaza iniesupces apis Toaglvdinale ei seca tn reeagea
Beesliacataca de la tnmstunaator! sn. cre\ycca teats ea
Attenns etpla cra hrnerere ead avtad sepratouice Inti
for, dn mee de inutare a plshasduleurenfor de su-teeuit
ier uple Inehie $e excor ronan 9 112)

ct
In ssi, eazuri rnte chad 9o dovagte » chistoitate sl» sigeranla
spoiits a titeuttiul ce Faphty s¢ taseraea dong Tateereptuce (oa ante
Oty. m2 os 5
Seth lms Mstiek ae rome cara eotinat antenna
edpaiat o lag’ Hapindis sear ale Io 8-20 8N. Bae, exacts de
Splet i beeg sou beava de alta’, conven gf anal mu Fred
ervasehell iellog 1 tateesaaze ale ial eletsic

Meaty 6G © AARK CORMCLUARLE $0 BAER
‘is Sena (RAN SE)

atrnienry nov dt gears si. shewlvalut de ex9t& da ocoirs
ince pon tue folituea demovie.aiel sehemeld: Ge eval eu bane
Fleefatce scuple, det inlenupeallzeatarse vanstanatertie pe peicad)
nessun de fa etiucer.

Tis fig, 213 se aeesich ochem ap consscuse a ame! ast de taj
Se afer pestilitacea sosiei in rerize-epalie « nackea Sutcertp
ery insialatis fra agcatloae continaisilt ia allantarsy pein te
risrea vaplel de ceaire Asieel pry lina, de rxsimpln, creeezs
Oa deus cae de alimentonn scot’, deewaeea punlet fe fl 218,

ffi inckigerea eoplel #2 separataruial de oonite aereat Leh Sapy

Tntrenuptaral dg, urmeene «i le some ta revioreparatis, leu 1

‘tind Mast sent 8 eo
Testaren panies
casneyelut, iu earl tn care de es's dela tn fanelione pite 0

Stabs de ovtiie, Rane de ovolice se nme meseste 2 Daud de transer

»

hy ten 8 ace de colin, impast de ordinea
Somplcst#’inalik Eagle st snsesied pemirn fneeronrea eu tease

eolieea tutucar secnitele ay ole aeonsacd. In fs, 2.1.8 5-2 arbtat
sunsto-tattaacele ew Teel tafésuris 2 an fos vacoeaie hare de
Fre ele piled ai sagure alunectarea eaasuscatorlar ¢ ded pu
Ti retrate in exploit,

2554, semnang0u) mun) ism oe Hane conEerOARE,
Seon Bvrmancrien Pr ements

“ste seuoma carea sapilal o angi rhepindste im natalie de come
je esctrornergetiea ae unde se slzapr ‘ease eonsniatae ta! Mapa
In eompuanicie rv eckowey en 'leia simple esr. solrata tat
Deere tae rolectoure afer wx Goede lartietate sponta prin
ficates vasordlri cicrialne aferense Wa ora din ree dant wr
‘leliee thar’ eolestatce

lec. evouil se saeucceno® In sistienel dubln de bare colestnare
SMeroadel hiseraplorsd sia doa seperslogee de bare, lg 2,
ists dow verinate ale schol oo hace ule, faachie ee amplix
ve terem Ta prime variant (dg, 21.1) stahia realizali cemps
Table {ero fas goon necideve sll uinegbe repode dimen

it, 2k Scher, ts sain dubia aatne

lbiow AG To variants din fg 21.5, enunl asle bine soupat, ea
tia sd existe plooti in tapbsle diresii. Staite este comouct
ibe cleri dong psitiiagl Ge nceLougre fx ogi sari

BRiate clicuiela we carondeart la un angi sistem de bare (ster
je bare de (zee vl lice seven tod ker, in zezeova cus, amen
fh tensors psa ited eresiuk de capi braver CF

a