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This trademark is owned by the Smithsonian Institution and is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Established in 1846, the Smithsonian Institution—the world’s largest museum and research complex—includes 19 museums and galleries and the National Zoological Park. The total number of artefacts, works of art, and specimens in the Smithsonian’s collection is estimated at 137 million, the bulk of which is contained in the National Museum of Natural History, which holds more than 126 million specimens and objects. The Smithsonian is a renowned research centre, dedicated to public education, national service, and scholarship in the arts, sciences, and history. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Clive Gifford is the winner of the Royal Society Young People’s Book Prize and the School Library Association Information Book Award. He has written more than 150 books including Wow! Science, Car Crazy, and Super Trucks. s m i t h s o n i a n A visual encyclopedia of every vehicle WRITTEN BY CLIVE GIFFORD Foreword 6 Transportation timelines 8 DK India Land 16 Project Editor Sneha Sunder Benjamin Project Art Editor Vaibhav Rastogi Editor Medha Gupta Animal power 18 Art Editor Rakesh Khundongbam Camel caravan 20 Assistant Editor Isha Sharma Bicycle 22 Assistant Art Editors Anusri Saha, Riti Sodhi Pedal power 24 Jacket Designer Dhirendra Singh Jacket Managing Editor Saloni Singh Speed wheels 26 DTP Designer Jaypal Chauhan Sprint finish 28 Senior DTP Designers Harish Aggarwal, Neeraj Bhatia Bike business 30 Picture Researcher Aditya Katyal Fun on wheels 32 Managing Editor Rohan Sinha Managing Art Editor Sudakshina Basu Extreme cycling 34 Pre-production Manager Balwant Singh Mountain bike madness 36 Production Manager Pankaj Sharma Motorcycle 38 Revving up 40 DK UK Bikes in battle 42 Senior Editor Francesca Baines Scooting around 44 Senior Art Editor Rachael Grady Three-wheelers 46 US Editor Allison Singer Jacket Designer Mark Cavanagh Road burners 48 Jacket Assistant Claire Gell Burning rubber 50 Managing Editor Linda Esposito Jumps and flicks 52 Managing Art Editor Philip Letsu Off-roaders 54 Pre-production Controllers Nikoleta Parasaki, Gillian Reid Production Controller Srijana Gurung Fastest on two wheels 56 Design Development Manager Sophia MTT Easy riders 58 Publisher Andrew Macintyre Car 60 Art Director Karen Self Pioneering cars 62 Associate Publishing Director Liz Wheeler Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf Thrills and spills 64 Early race cars 66 First American Edition, 2015 Published in the United States by DK Publishing Machines with style 68 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 Fins and finery 70 Copyright © 2015 Dorling Kindersley Limited Faster and faster 72 A Penguin Random House Company Fast and furious 74 15 16 17 18 19 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The ultimate test 76 001–192634–September/2015 Fun in cars 78 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under the copyright Crazy cars 80 reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored A spin across the waves 82 in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or Family cars 84 otherwise), without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Outdoor warriors 86 Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-4654-3805-8 DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 or [email protected] Printed in China A WORLD OF IDEAS: SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW www.dk.com Convertibles and sports cars 88 Mini motors 90 The Mopetta microcar 92 Supercars 94 Luxury rides 96 Record breakers 98 On the farm 116 Dawn of diesel 134 Dragster burnout 100 Monster leap 118 Mainstream diesel 136 Truck 102 Construction and mining 120 Rail workhorses 138 Tons of trucks 104 Tanks and tracks 122 Going electric 140 Special task trucks 106 Steam train 124 High-speed electric trains 142 Shuttle crawler 108 Early steam 126 Bullet train 144 Bus stop 110 Mainstream steam 128 Urban railroads 146 Tractor 112 Flying Scotsman 130 Streetcars and trolleybuses 148 Total tractor 114 Diesel train 132 Hold on tight! 150 Water 152 Taking to the water 154 Sailing ship 160 City on the sea 178 World of watercraft 156 Sail power 162 World War ships 180 Over the top 158 Trade and exploration 164 Aircraft carriers 182 War at sea 166 Modern warships 184 Riding the wind 168 Submarine 186 Steamship 170 Dive, dive, dive 188 Steam meets steel 172 Need for speed 190 Working ships 174 Fun and games 192 Passenger carriers 176 A flying success 194 Air 196 Airplane 198 Eyes in the sky 226 Spacecraft 236 Taking to the skies 200 Helicopter 228 Launch vehicles 238 First planes 202 Whirlybirds 230 Space probes 240 The girl of nerve 204 Working choppers 232 Out of this world 242 Fighter planes 206 Air support 234 Liftoff! 244 Strike force 208 Racers and record-breakers 210 Jet fighters 212 Super speed 214 Seaplanes 216 Light aircraft 218 Plane spotting 220 Coming in low 222 Straight up and supersonic 224 Glossary 246 Index 250 Acknowledgments 255 Peel P50 0 KTM 350 SX-F 4 1 6. T d n a l l o H w e N Foreword aircraft—from massive jet bombers to nimble aerobatic biplanes. I found them astonishing, Welcome to the world of fast cars and even just as I did the giant trucks and two Ferrari faster planes, of mighty ships, awesome supercars in the air show’s parking lot. I was motorcycles, and heavy hauling trucks and hooked and have remained excited by all forms trains. All these and many more machines of transportation ever since. that move people, goods, and materials can This book is packed with vehicles, craft, and be found in this big book of transportation. vessels that have enabled people to travel farther, I have had a fascination with transportation faster, and with greater ease—from the slickest for as long as I can remember. My father flew street bike to the most powerful diesel train. gliders and worked for an early airline company Many have played their part in changing people’s that offered many people their first taste of air lives, and how and where they work and live. travel. I remember him taking me to an air show Before the development of modern cars, trains, when I was eleven to see an array of amazing ships, and planes, few people traveled outside DHR Class B De Dion-Bouton Type O M o n t g o l f ier Hot-air B a l l o o n Bücker Bü133C Jungmeister of their own neighborhood and even fewer traveled long distances overseas. Today, coast- to-coast journeys that once took weeks take hours, while you can cross the planet in less than a day on a giant jet airliner. Shipping now Throughout this book you will find scale boxes that show the sizes of types of transportation connects all parts of the globe, enabling you compared to either a child or a school bus. to buy food grown on the other side of the world and many other goods, too. Advances in Child = 4 ft 9 in (1.45 m) tall transportation have helped people explore and settle new lands, make exciting discoveries about our world, and even blast off, leaving the planet altogether to explore the marvels of space. School bus = 36 ft (11 m) long Clive Gifford U n i c y c l e ™ Sea-Doo® S p a r k John Deere 650K XLT On the road The first automobile was a steam-powered cart that set off in 1769 1769 at a top speed of 2.5 mph (4 km/h). Over the years, many French clever inventions have helped shape modern motor vehicles. inventor Today, more than one billion travel along the world’s roads. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot builds the first working automobile. 1868 The first traffic lights are installed in 1927 London. Not long afterward, The Napier-Campbell they explode! Blue Bird sets a land-speed record of 195 mph (314 km/h). 1876 1885 German engineer Nikolaus The Benz Motorwagen, the Otto builds the first internal first wheeled vehicle powered combustion engine. by an internal combustion Blue Bird engine, takes to the road. 1850 1900 1894 In Germany, Hildebrand and Wolfmüller build 1908 1880 the Motorrad, the first production motorcycle. The Ford Model T goes Several inventors on sale in the USA. It develop so-called becomes the first car “safety bicycles” 1871 to be mass-produced on driven by a pedal and an assembly line. chain mechanism. The High Wheeler, the first bicycle with big front wheels to boost speed, is designed. 1916 The first fully working armored tank, the Mark 1, goes into battle in France in World War I. Ford Model T 8