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Activate your code at Expertconsult.com 1. Register • Visit expertconsult.com • Click “Register now.” • Fill in your user information. • Click “Create Account.” 2. Activate Your Book • Scratch of your Activation Code below and enter it into the “Add a title” box. • You’re done! Click on the book’s title under “My Titles.” This page intentionally left blank MICHAEL G. NEWMAN, DDS Professor Emeritus Section of Periodontics School of Dentistry University of California Los Angeles, California HENRY H. TAKEI, DDS, MS Distinguished Clinical Professor, Section of Periodontics Clinical Professor, Section of Periodontics School of Dentistry University of California Los Angeles, California PERRY R. KLOKKEVOLD, DDS, MS Associate Professor, Section of Periodontics Program Director, Postgraduate Periodontics Residency School of Dentistry University of California Los Angeles, California EDITO R EMERITUS FERMIN A. CARRANZA, DR ODONT Professor Emeritus, Section of Periodontics School of Dentistry University of California Los Angeles, California 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 CARRANZA’S CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY ISBN: 978-1-4377-0416-7 Copyright © 2012, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. Tis book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this feld are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identifed, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Vice President and Publishing Director: Linda Duncan Executive Editor: John Dolan Senior Developmental Editor: Brian Loehr Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy Senior Project Manager: Celeste Clingan Design Direction: Kim Denando Working together to grow libraries in developing countries Printed in China www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 EDITORS ASSOCIATE AND SECTION EDITORS Fermin A. Carranza, Dr Odont M. John Novak, BDS, LDS, PhD Professor Emeritus Professor of Perodontics and Associate Director Section of Periodontics Department of Periodontics School of Dentistry Center for Oral Health Research University of California University of Kentucky Los Angeles, California Lexington, Kentucky Jane L. Forrest, RDH, EdD Philip Preshaw, BDS, FDS RCSEd, FDS (Rest Dent) Professor of Clinical Dentistry RCSEd, PhD Section Chair, Behavioral Science & Practice Management Professor, Periodontology Director, National Center for Dental Hygiene Research Institute of Cellular Medicine Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC School of Dental Sciences University of Southern California Newcastle University Los Angeles, California Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom E. Barrie Kenney, DDS, MS Henry H. Takei, DDS, MS Professor and Chairman Distinguished Clinical Professor Tarsson Family Endowed Chair in Periodontics Section of Periodontics Division of Associated Specialties School of Dentistry Section of Periodontics University of California University of California Los Angeles, California School of Dentistry Los Angeles, California Online Editor Nadeem Y. Karimbux, DMD, MMSc Perry R. Klokkevold, DDS, MS Associate Professor of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity Associate Professor, Section of Periodontics Assistant Dean for Dental Education Program Director, Postgraduate Periodontics Residency Interim Director, Advanced Graduate Education Program in School of Dentistry Periodontology University of California Harvard School of Dental Medicine Los Angeles, California Harvard University Boston, Massachusetts Michael G. Newman, DDS Professor Emeritus Section of Periodontics School of Dentistry University of California Los Angeles, California v CONTRIBUTORS Elliot Abt, DDS, MS, MSc John Beumer, III, DDS, MS Director Professor Emeritus General Practice Residency Program Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials, and Hospital Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Dentistry Chicago, Illinois University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry Alfredo Aguirre, DDS, MS Los Angeles, California Professor, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences Director, Advanced Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Program Mitchell J. Bloom, DMD School of Dental Medicine, SUNY at Bufalo Director, International Implant Dentistry Residency Program Bufalo, New York and Clinical Associate Professor Ashman Department of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry Edward P. Allen, DDS, PhD New York University College of Dentistry Director Private Practice Center for Advanced Dental Education New York, New York Dallas, Texas Charbel Bou Serhal, DDS, MSD, PhD William F. Ammons, Jr., DDS, MSD† Consultant Professor Emeritus Department of Periodontology Department of Periodontics Catholic University of Leuven University of Washington Private Practice School of Dentistry Periodontology and Implantology Seattle, Washington Leuven, Belgium Maxwell H. Anderson, DDS, MS, MEd Jaime Bulkacz, Dr Odont, PhD President and CEO, C3 Jian, Inc. Lecturer Inglewood, California Section of Periodontics University of California, Los Angeles Akira Aoki, DDS, PhD School of Dentistry Instructor and Research Associate Los Angeles, California Section of Periodontology Department of Hard Tissue Engineering Bobby Butler, DDS Tokyo Medical and Dental University Private Practice Tokyo, Japan Seattle, Washington Robert R. Azzi, DDS Paulo M. Camargo, DDS, MS, MBA Assistant Clinical Professor Professor Department of Periodontics Division of Associated Clinical Specialties University of Paris VII—School of Dentistry Section of Periodontics Paris, France University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry Janet G. Bauer, DDS, MSEd, MSPH, MBA Los Angeles, California Associate Professor School of Restorative Dentistry Fermin A. Carranza, Dr Odont University of California, Los Angeles Professor Emeritus School of Dentistry Section of Periodontics Los Angeles, California University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry Los Angeles, California †Deceased. vi CONTRIBUTORS vii Ting-Ling Chang, DDS Scott R. Diehl, PhD Clinical Professor and Chair Professor of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School Section of Removable Prosthodontics Director, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Complex Disease University of California, Los Angeles Research School of Dentistry Professor of Health Informatics, School of Health Related Los Angeles, California Professions University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Sang-Choon Cho, DDS Newark, New Jersey Assistant Clinical Professor Associate Director of Clinical Research Donald F. Duperon, DDS, MSc Ashman Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Professor Emeritus New York University College of Dentistry Section of Pediatric Dentistry New York, New York University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry Chih-Hung Chou, MS Los Angeles, California Center for Pharmacogenomics and Complex Disease Research Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School Nicolas Elian, DDS Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Related Assistant Professor and Head of the Division of Implant Professions Dentistry University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Ashman Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Newark, New Jersey New York University College of Dentistry New York, New York Sebastian G. Ciancio, DDS Private Practice Distinguished Service Professor New Jersey Department of Periodontics and Endodontics State University of New York–School of Dentistry Daniel H. Etienne, DDS, MS Bufalo, New York Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital David L. Cochran, DDS, PhD Denis Diderot University, UFR of Odontology Professor and Chair Paris, France Department of Periodontics Te University of Texas Health Science Center Robert C. Fazio, DMD San Antonio, Texas Associate Clinical Professor in Surgery Yale Medical School Joseph P. Cooney, BDS, MS College of Medicine Clinical Professor Emeritus New Haven, Connecticut Restorative Dentistry Private Practice University of California, Los Angeles Norwalk, Connecticut School of Dentistry Los Angeles, California Joseph P. Fiorellini, DMD, DMSc Professor and Chair James J. Crall, DDS, ScD Department of Periodontics Professor University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Pediatric Dentistry Philadelphia, Pennsylvania University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry Jane L. Forrest, RDH, EdD Los Angeles, California Professor of Clinical Dentistry Section Chair, Behavioral Science and Practice Management J. David Cross, DDS Director, National Center for Dental Hygiene Research Private Practice Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC Springfeld , Illinois University of Southern California Los Angeles, California Jesica Dadamio, MSc Research Associate Stuart J. Froum, DDS Department of Periodontology Clinical Professor and Director of Clinical Research, Catholic University of Leuven Ashman Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Surgery New York University College of Dentistry Leuven, Belgium New York, New York Private Practice Periodontics and Implant Dentistry Raymond R. Derycke, DScD New York, New York Private Practice Paris, France viii CONTRIBUTORS Scott H. Froum, DDS Isao Ishikawa, DDS, PhD Clinical Assistant Professor Professor Ashman Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Section of Periodontology New York University, College of Dentistry Department of Hard Tissue Engineering Private Practice Periodontics and Implant Dentistry Tokyo Medical and Dental University New York, New York Tokyo, Japan Ying Gu, DDS, PhD Carol A. Jahn, RDH, MS Clinical Associate Professor Senior Professional Relations Manager Department of General Dentistry Water Pik, Inc Stony Brook University Warrenville Illinois School of Dental Medicine Stony Brook, New York Nick Jakubovics, BSc, PhD Lecturer in Oral Biology Tomas J. Han, DDS, MS Newcastle University Adjunct Professor School of Dental Sciences Section of Periodontics Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry Brian P. Kamel, Esq Los Angeles, California Managing Partner Kamel and Maxwell, Attorneys at Law Gerald W. Harrington, DDS, MSD Los Angeles, California Professor Emeritus and Chair Department of Endodontics Mo K. Kang, DDS, PhD University of Washington Associate Professor and Chairman School of Dentistry Jack A. Weichman Endowed Chair Seattle, Washington Section of Endodontics University of California, Los Angeles M. Cenk Haytac, PhD School of Dentistry Professor Los Angeles, California Cukurova University Faculty of Dentistry Daniel W.K. Kao, DDS, MS, DMD Department of Periodontology Instructor Adana, Turkey Department of Periodontics University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine James E. Hinrichs, BS, DDS, MS Director, Predoctoral Periodontics Professor and Director of Advanced Education in Periodontology Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences University of Minnesota E. Barrie Kenney, DDS, MS School of Dentistry Professor and Chairman Minneapolis, Minnesota Tarsson Family Endowed Chair in Periodontics Division of Associated Specialties Eva L. Hogan, MD, DDS, MS Section of Periodontics Lecturer University of California Section of Periodontics School of Dentistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California School of Dentistry Los Angeles, California David Kim, DDS, DMSc Assistant Professor, Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity Ching-Yu Huang, PhD Director, Predoctoral Program in Periodontology Senior Computer Scientist Harvard School of Dental Medicine Center for Pharmacogenomics and Complex Disease Research Boston, Massachusetts Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Geon U. Kim, DDS, MS Newark, New Jersey Postgraduate Student in Implant Dentistry Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Philippe P. Hujoel, PhD, DDS, MSD, MS New York University College of Dentistry Professor New York, New York Department of Public Health Sciences Research and Lecture Coordinator University of Washington Vizstara and Vizstara Professional School of Dentistry Englewood Clifs, New Jersey Seattle, Washington