CARRANZA’S CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY TENTH EDITION MICHAEL G. NEWMAN, DDS Adjunct Professor, Section of Periodontics University of California Los Angeles—School of Dentistry Los Angeles, California HENRY H. TAKEI, DDS, MS Clinical Professor, Section of Periodontics University of California, Los Angeles—School of Dentistry Los Angeles, California PERRY R. KLOKKEVOLD, DDS, MS Associate Professor, Section of Periodontics University of California, Los Angeles—School of Dentistry Los Angeles, California EDITOR EMERITUS FERMIN A. CARRANZA, DR ODONT Professor Emeritus, Section of Periodontics University of California, Los Angeles—School of Dentistry Los Angeles, California 1-4160-2400-X SAUNDERS ELSEVIER An Imprint of Elsevier 11830 Westline Industrial Drive St. Louis, Missouri 63146 CARRANZA’S CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY ISBN 13 978-1-4160-2400-2 Tenth Edition ISBN 10 1-4160-2400-X Copyright © 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Some material was previously published. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215 239 3805, e-mail: