carpathian red list of forest habitats and species carpathian list of invasive alien species

234 Pages·2014·4.16 MB·English

CARPATHIAN RED LIST
OF FOREST HABITATS AND SPECIES
CARPATHIAN LIST OF
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
PUBLISHED BY
THE STATE NATURE CONSERVANCY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
2014
zzbboorrnniikk__cceerrvveennee zzoozznnaammyy..iinndddd 11 2277..88..22001144 2222::3366::0055
© Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky, 2014
Editor: Ján Kadlečík
Available from: Štátna ochrana prírody SR
Tajovského 28B
974 01 Banská Bystrica
Slovakia
ISBN 978-80-89310-81-4
Program švajčiarsko-slovenskej spolupráce
Swiss-Slovak Cooperation Programme
Slovenská
republika
This publication was elaborated within BioREGIO Carpathians project supported by South East Europe Programme
and was fi nanced by a Swiss-Slovak project supported by the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union and
Carpathian Wetlands Initiative.
zzbboorrnniikk__cceerrvveennee zzoozznnaammyy..iinndddd 22 1155..99..22001144 2233::1100::1122
Table of contents
Draft Red Lists of Threatened Carpathian Habitats and Species
and Carpathian List of Invasive Alien Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Draft Carpathian Red List of Forest Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Red List of Vascular Plants of the Carpathians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Draft Carpathian Red List of Molluscs (Mollusca) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Red List of Spiders (Araneae) of the Carpathian Mts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Draft Red List of Dragonfl ies (Odonata) of the Carpathians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Red List of Grasshoppers, Bush-crickets and Crickets (Orthoptera)
of the Carpathian Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Draft Red List of Butterfl ies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the Carpathian Mts. . . . . . . . . . 200
Draft Carpathian Red List of Fish and Lamprey Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Amphibians (Lissamphibia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Reptiles (Reptilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Draft Carpathian Red List of Birds (Aves). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Mammals (Mammalia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Draft List of Invasive Alien Species of the Carpathian Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
zzbboorrnniikk__cceerrvveennee zzoozznnaammyy..iinndddd 33 2277..88..22001144 2222::3366::0066
zzbboorrnniikk__cceerrvveennee zzoozznnaammyy..iinndddd 44 2277..88..22001144 2222::3366::0066
DRAFT RED LISTS OF THREATENED
CARPATHIAN HABITATS AND SPECIES
AND CARPATHIAN LIST OF INVASIVE
ALIEN SPECIES
Ján Kadlečík (editor)
1. Introduction birds, reptiles, amphibians, fi shes, butterfl ies, orthopte-
rans, dragonfl ies, spiders, molluscs and vascular plants),
The Carpathian Mountains, ranging across seven coun-
using IUCN Red List categories and criteria (version 3.1)
tries from the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Ukrai-
(IUCN 2012a). The innovative approach was used when
ne, Hungary, Romania and the small part of Serbia, are
developing the Red List for habitats for which there are
Europe’s last great natural area with rich biodiversity and
still only draft guidelines prepared by IUCN. Because of
diversifi ed landscapes1. They host a unique natural and
delays in contracting the specialists for the Red List of
cultural diversity, exceptional at the European scale and
non-forest habitats, in this publication only Red List of
are recognized as one of the biodiversity hotspots. On-
forest habitats is included. The Red List of non-forest
going socioeconomic changes and environmental impacts
habitats will be available on the relevant web sites of the
infl uence this sensitive ecological system in the region and
projects.
call for further joint action2.
Red Lists are lists of animal and plant species, plant com-
This publication is result of the activities of the Work
munities, habitats and habitat complexes that are either
Package 3 of the project Integrated management of biological
collapsed, extinct, have disappeared or are endangered.
and landscape diversity for sustainable regional development and
The Red List is a tool to inform and catalyse action for bi-
ecological connectivity in the Carpathians3 (“BioREGIO Car-
odiversity conservation and policy change, critical to pro-
pathians”) funded from the South East Europe Trans-
tecting the natural resources. It provides information on
national Cooperation Programme. The activitity was lead
population size and trends, geographic range and habitat
during 2011 – 2014 by the State Nature Conservancy of
needs of species5.
the Slovak Republic as a partner of the project. The publi-
For the purposes of regional conservation assessments
cation was prepared in cooperation with the other project
there are important reasons to assess species΄ extinction
Development of nature conservation and protected areas in Slovak
risk and publish Red Lists within specifi c geographical-
Carpathians funded from the Swiss-Slovak Cooperation
ly defi ned areas and special guidelines were produced by
Programe4 and provides fi rst draft lists of threatened ha-
IUCN to assist in the application of the IUCN Red List
bitats and species native to the Carpathians and the list of
Categories and Criteria at regional levels (IUCN 2012b).
invasive alien species in the Carpathian region as a basis
The Red Lists have many uses in conservation including:
for further consultation and fi nalization for fi nal appro-
• Conservation planning – informing species-based
val by the Carpathian Convention bodies and following
conservation actions and identifying important sites
activities.
for conservation.
Assessment was made for selected taxonomic groups for
• Decision-making – infl uencing conservation decisi-
which we expected to have suffi cient data to synthesise
ons at multiple scales, from environmental impact as-
and communicate on the conservation status (mammals,
sessments to international multilateral environmental
1 http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/black_sea_basin/danube_carpathian/blue_river_green_mtn/
2 http://www.bioregio-carpathians.eu/
3 http://www.bioregio-carpathians.eu/
4 http://www.sopsr.sk/web/?cl=10705
5 http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/our_work/the_iucn_red_list/
5
zzbboorrnniikk__cceerrvveennee zzoozznnaammyy..iinndddd 55 2277..88..22001144 2222::3366::0066
agreements. need conservation measures to prevent extinctions
• Monitoring – indicating the current status of species and ensure that species reach and maintain a favou-
and revealing trends in their extinction risk over time, rable conservation status.
to track progress towards biodiversity targets6. • To identify the major threats and propose mitigating
measures and conservation actions to address them.
To assess current and potential future threats to the bi-
• To strengthen the network of experts focused on
ological diversity, ecosystems, habitats or species of the
conservation of species in the region, so that the asse-
Carpathians caused by introduction or release of invasive
ssments can be kept up-to-date, and expertise be tar-
alien species (IAS) within the national territory of each
geted to address the highest conservation priorities.
Party and to prevent introduction or realease of IAS or to
harmonize and coordinate measures and common actions
To work on hamononized policies and measures aiming
it is necessary fi rst to identify such species which are likely
at the prevention of introduction of invasive alien species
to have adverse environmental impacts that could affect
(IAS) which are likely to have adverse environmental im-
the biological diversity, ecosystems, habitats or species of
pacts and to take measures for their controla or eradica-
the Carpathians. Therefore the fi rst List of Invasive Alien
tion at regional level, it is crucial to identify those species
Species was elaborated for further consultation and de-
and assess their potential to affect biological diversity in
velopment.
the region.
This initiative:
• makes a contribution to the implementation of provi- 2.2 Background
sions of the Carpathian Convention;
The Parties to the Framework Convention on the Prote-
• makes a contribution to the Global and European
ction and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians
Red Lists by adding Carpathian species and habitats,
(Kyiv, Ukraine; 2003 – the “Carpathian Convention”) ac-
and to the European Lists of Invasive Alien Species;
cording to its Article 4 on Conservation and sustainable use
• provides the basis for a consolidated Carpathian lists
of biological and landscape diversity agreed to pursue policies
as a baseline for monitoring the success of future con-
aiming at conservation, sustainable use and restoration
servation action;
of biological and landscape diversity throughout the Car-
• is a mechanism for species conservation and manage-
pathians. They commited themselves to take appropriate
ment of invasive species in the region; and
measures to ensure a high level of protection and sustai-
• communicates the best possible consensus informati-
nable use of natural and semi-natural habitats, their con-
on on habitats and species status to Conventions and
tinuity and connectivity, and species of fl ora and fauna
governments to promote conservation action on the
being characteristic to the Carpathians, in particular the
ground.
protection of endangered species, endemic species and
The initiative tried to mobilize existing knowledge on spe- large carnivores. The Parties shall pursue policies aiming
cies status which is sometimes dispersed or unpublished, at the prevention of introduction of alien invasive speci-
and to make it available for conservation purposes. Un- es, their control or eradication. Another obligation is to
fortunately from different reasons we could not ensure develop and/or promote compatible monitoring systems,
full participation of all appropriate experts and scientists, coordinated regional inventories of species and habitats,
but with support from about 100 specialists from all Car- coordinated scientifi c research, and their networking.
pathian countries we received the good basis for further These provisions are further elaborated in obligatory ar-
development of lists of threaned habitats, threatened ticles of the Protocol on Conservation and Sustainable
species and of invasive alien species in the Carpathian Use of Biological and Landscape Diversity to the Carpa-
Mountains. thian Convention (Bucharest, 2008; the “Protocol”) with
objective to enhance the conservation, restoration and
2. Assessments sustainable use of biological and landscape diversity of
the Carpathians, bringing benefi ts to present and future
2.1 Objectives of the assessment
generations. To achieve these objectives, the Parties shall
The objectives of regional assessments can be defi ned e.g. harmonise and coordinate their efforts and cooperate on
according to FREYHOF & BROOKS (2011): conservation, maintenance and sustainable use of natural
• To contribute to regional conservation planning and semi-natural habitats and conservation and sustaina-
through the provision of a baseline dataset describing ble use of species of fl ora and fauna, they should coo-
the conservation status of the regions species. perate especially on the development, harmonization and
• To identify those geographic areas and habitats that implementation of relevant management plans aimed at
6 http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/our_work/the_iucn_red_list/
7 http://www.carpathianconvention.org/documents-carpathian-convention.html
6
zzbboorrnniikk__cceerrvveennee zzoozznnaammyy..iinndddd 66 2277..88..22001144 2222::3366::0066
achieving common standards for protection and sustaina- either are in danger of disappearance in their natural
ble use of habitats and species, prevention of introducti- range, or have a small natural range following their
on of invasive alien species which might threaten ecosys- regression or by reason of their intrinsically restricted
tems, habitats or species native to the Carpathians, their area, or present outstanding examples of typical cha-
control or eradication. Another fi eld is development and/ racteristics of the Carpathian region - to be adopted
or promotion of compatible biodiversity indicators and by the Conference of the Parties, and revised every
monitoring systems, of coordinated regional inventories twelve years.
of species and habitats, development and/or promotion • Prepare the proposal of the Carpathian Red List of
of coordinated scientifi c research programs and projects, Species based on compilation and analysis of scienti-
etc. fi c data and national inventories concerning endange-
According to the Article 8 of the Protocol (Conservation, red species, including endemic fl ora and fauna species
maintenance, restoration and sustainable use of natural and semi- native to the Carpathians, and large carnivores and
natural habitats) and the Article 12 (Conservation of endangered following internationally recognized principles and
species including endemic species, and large carnivores of the Carpa- criteria (e.g. IUCN Red List Criteria) to be adopted
thians) the Conference of the Parties shall adopt a list of by the Conference of the Parties, and revised every
endangered natural and semi-natural habitat types native twelve years.
to the Carpathians (Carpathian Red List of Habitats) and Action 5.1. asks to develop national policies and/or stra-
a list of endangered fl ora and fauna species native to the tegies targeted at the prevention of introduction or release
Carpathians (Carpathian Red List of Species) based on of invasive alien species which are likely to have adverse
internationally recognized principles and criteria. environmental impacts that could affect the biological di-
According to the Article 13 (Prevention of the introduction of versity, ecosystems, habitats or species of the Carpathians
invasive alien species and/or genetically modifi ed organisms threa- in the national territory; or, if such policies and/or strate-
tening ecosystems, habitats or species, their control or eradication) gies are already in place - evaluate their effectiveness and
each Party shall pursue policies aiming at the prevention implementation up to date.
of introduction or release of invasive alien species (IAS) Action 9.1. requires to cooperate with scientifi c and other
which are likely to have adverse environmental impacts relevant institutions on:
that could affect the biological diversity, ecosystems, habi- a) Elaboration of guidelines on harmonisation of envi-
tats or species of the Carpathians, including early warning ronmental monitoring programmes of the Parties in
on occurrence of new invasive alien species on its territo- the Carpathians, in particular those concerning habi-
ry. The Parties shall take measures to prevent introduction tats and species native to the Carpathians, with the
or release of IAS and, if need be, control or eradication objective to ensure data comparability;
of such species. b) Preparation of the proposals for common monitoring
In the Article 18 (Compatible monitoring and information sys- programs to be jointly undertaken in the Carpathians
tems) the Parties agreed to cooperate to develop a joint by the Parties, in particular those concerning endan-
information system on biological and landscape diversity gered natural and semi-natural habitat types listed in
in the Carpathians and to support coordinated regional the Carpathian Red List of Habitats and listed in the
inventories of species and habitats of the Carpathians. Carpathian Red List of Species.
The implementation document for the above mentio- Finally Action 9.2. assesses duties to cooperate to deve-
ned obligations of the Contracting Parties to the Carpa- lop a joint information system on the state of biological
thian Convention is the Strategic Action Plan adopted in and landscape diversity in the Carpathians, based on the
20118. relevant existing Clearing House Mechanisms, including
national results of the public research provided by the
Action 2.1. (The elaboration of the Carpathian Red List of Ha- Parties and results of the common scientifi c programs
bitats) and Action 3.1. (Carpathian Red List of Species elabo- and projects jointly undertaken in the Carpathians by the
ration) of the Strategic Action Plan require Parties, a joint biodiversity information system should be
• Compile and analyse scientifi c data, national inven- established.
tories and maps of natural and semi-natural habitats
and concerning fl ora and fauna species native to the These were the reasons why the development of the Car-
Carpathians, in particular endangered species inclu- pathian Red List of threatened habitats and species and
ding endemic species and large carnivores, within the the List of Invasive Alien Species of the Carpathians were
national territory of each Party; included as important activity to the project “Integrated
• Elaborate the proposal of the Carpathian Red List management of biological and landscape diversity for sus-
of Habitats, including endangered natural and semi- tainable regional development and ecological connectivity
natural habitat types native to the Carpathians, which in the Carpathians” (BioREGIO Carpathians).
8 http://www.carpathianconvention.org/documents-thematic-areas.html
7
zzbboorrnniikk__cceerrvveennee zzoozznnaammyy..iinndddd 77 2277..88..22001144 2222::3366::0066
The activity was coordinated by the Project Partner 9 – The fi rst Carpathian List of Endangered Species was
the State Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic in compiled by Z. J. Witkowski, W. Król and W. Solarz (WIT-
Banská Bystrica and other relevant project partners were KOWSKI et al. eds 2003) and published more than 10 years
involved (Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Re- ago by the Carpathian Ecoregion Initiative, WWF and
public, Szent István University – Hungary, Environmen- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of
tal Information Centre UNEP/GRID Warszaw – Poland, Sciences. This Red List also covered only part of the Car-
Regional Environmental Protection Agency Sibiu and pathians΄ taxonomic groups and compiled information
Iron Gates Natural Park Administration – Romania, Nati- on red listed taxa and valuable plant alliances in particular
onal Forest Centre – Slovakia, Public Enterprise Djerdap Carpathian countries without assessment expressed clear-
National Park – Serbia and Carpathian Biosphere Reserve ly in used criteria on regional level.
– Ukraine) which engaged about 100 experts working on Ivan Vološčuk (Vološčuk ed. 1996) compiled lists of thre-
threatened habitats, species and invasive alien species of atened plants and vertebrates of 17 Carpathian national
plants and animals. parks.
Within limited time, funding, expertise and data available
There are not many comprehensive regional Red Lists de- in the BioREGIO project our ambition was to prepare
veloped in Europe so far. at least fi rst drafts of the Red List of forest habitats and
IUCN and the European Commission have been working non-forest habitats, Red List of vascular plants, of Ver-
together on an initiative to assess around 6,000 European tebrates and selected groups of Invertebrates, and the
species according to IUCN regional Red Listing Guide- List of Invasive Alien Species for further improvements
lines. To date, European regional assessments have been and approval by the Carpathian Convention Contracting
completed for mammals, reptiles, amphibians, butterfl ies, Parties.
dragonfl ies, freshwater fi shes, freshwater and terrestrial We understand that there is much to be done and to in-
molluscs as well as for selected saproxylic beetles, and va- crease the number of species assessed, improving the
scular plant species. Currently there are assessing also pol- taxonomic coverage and thus providing a stronger base
linators (bees and bumblebees), priority medicinal plants to enable better conservation and policy decisions in the
and marine fi shes and reassessing all birds9. Carpathian region. Additional projects for further harmo-
The Mediterranean Red List is an on-going process that nization of data sets and compiling of lists of threatened
aims at assessing the conservation sta-
Figure 1 Map of the Carpathian eco-region as used in the CBIS.
tus of the fauna and fl ora of the Me-
diterranean region considered also as
a biodiversity hotspot. This initiative
highlights the species that are threa-
tened with extinction at the Mediter-
ranean level (e.g. mammals, reptiles,
amphibians, freshwater and marine
fi shes, freshwater molluscs, dragon-
fl ies, and selected groups of vascular
plants) – so that appropriate regional
and local conservation action can be
taken to improve their status10.
Another regional Red Lists exist for
sea basins - Black Sea Red Data Book11
and Baltic Sea Red Lists of biotopes12
and species13 (HELCOM 2013a, b).
All these initiatives have been imple-
mented in specifi c long-term projects
with involvement of a number of
specialists and funding from different
sources.
9 http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/europe
10 http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/mediterranean
11 http://www.grid.unep.ch/bsein/redbook/index.htm
12 http://helcom.fi /baltic-sea-trends/biodiversity/red-list-of-biotopes-habitats-and-biotope-complexes/
13 http://helcom.fi /baltic-sea-trends/biodiversity/red-list-of-species
14 www.carpates.org/cbis/orogs.html
8
zzbboorrnniikk__cceerrvveennee zzoozznnaammyy..iinndddd 88 2277..88..22001144 2222::3366::0066
taxa in the Carpathians are necessary. species assessments. For biotopes (habitats), which would
The collected data will be integrated in the Carpathian have collapsed only in the region, we allocated category
Joint Biodiversity Information System (CJBIS). Regionally Collapsed (RC). Biotopes (habitats) in the ter-
ritory of the Carpathians that have not been evaluated at
2.3 Assessment Methodology all belong to the category Not Evaluated (NE). Biotopes
(habitats), which are not included in the territory of the
2.3.1 Geographic scope
Carpathians, are classifi ed Not Applicable (NA) (BARAN-
The boundaries of the Carpathians as used for the pur-
ČOK et al. 2014).
pose of this assessment are shown in
Figure 1. This map was used in previ- Figure 2 Structure of the proposed IUCN Red List categories for non-forest biotopes
ous projects for development of the (habitats) in the Carpathians by Barančok et al. (unpublished)
Carpathian Biodiversity Information
System (CBIS)14. This includes bor-
ders of 309 orographic units (in eas-
tern Czech Republic, south-eastern
Poland, most of Slovakia, northern
Hungary, western Ukraine, big part
of Romania and small part of eastern
Serbia), and the organisation of data
collection could be compatible with
previous Carpathian projects.
2.3.2 Habitats/biotopes assessment
The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems
Categories and Criteria (RODRIGUES
et al. 2011) were only proposed in the
time of developing the Carpathian
Red List of habitats. The draft metho-
dology was adapted to the Carpathians to assess the risk In order to create the Carpathian Red List of threatened
of collapse of the forest and non-forest habitat types, or biotopes (habitats) the development of national red lists
whether they are vulnerable, endangered, or critically en- of biotopes (habitats) was proposed. The special forms
dangered, assessing losses in area, degradation or other and database were developed for forest and non-forest
major changes such as conversion15. The present assess- habitats to collect data from all Carpathian countries with
ment can be considered as a case study to classify and list the agreed structure, consistent with the Guidelines for
the ecosystems and document their status and so high- Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Levels
light best practices in ecosystem management. (IUCN 2003) and categories and criteria proposed for use
in developing a red list of ecosystems by RODRIGUES et
The proposed IUCN Red List categories for habitats are al. (2011).
similar to those used by the IUCN for the assessment of
species (IUCN 2001). The structure of the categories and Biotopes (habitats) in categories CO, RC, CR, EN, VU,
their relation can be found in Fig. 2. The threatened habi- NT, LC, ES and DD were selected as a basis for creati-
tats are categorized either as Critically Endangered (CR), on of draft Carpathian Red List. Final categorisation of
Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable (VU). Habitats that just the biotopes (habitats) on Carpathian level was done after
fail to meet the criteria of the threatened categories are common consultations and workshops of expert teams.
classifi ed Near Threatened (NT) and ecosystems that
unambiguously meet none of the criteria are Least Con- 2.3.3 Species assessment
cern (LC). Habitats that are in a state of their ecological
The conservation status of the Carpathian species at re-
optima and are without threat, are classifi ed as Ecological-
gional level was assessed using the 2001 IUCN Red List
ly Satisfactory (ES). Analogous to the species categories,
Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1 (IUCN 2001, 2012a) and
an additional category Data Defi cient (DD) is given to
the Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at
biotopes (habitats) for which too few data exist to ap-
Regional Levels (IUCN 2003, 2012b).
ply any criterion. Biotopes (habitats) that have collapsed
The structure of IUCN Red List categories at regional
throughout their distribution area are categorized Collap-
level is the following:
sed (CO), which corresponds to the category Extinct in
15 http://www.iucnredlistofecosystems.org/
9
zzbboorrnniikk__cceerrvveennee zzoozznnaammyy..iinndddd 99 2277..88..22001144 2222::3366::0066
Figure 3. IUCN Red List categories for species at regional level (IUCN 2012b).
In the preparatory phase of the assessment the project The idea was to make an overview of all taxa (checklists)
partners were asked to use the most recent version of that are categorised in every Carpathian country. National
the national Red List or to create / update national Red lists of these taxa from each country were included in the
Lists of Carpathian species using consistent Guidelines on-line data forms developed specially for this project in
for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional order to harmonise data collection and assessment proce-
Levels (IUCN 2003, 2012b). dure and documentation (Fig. 4).
Figure 4. Structure of the on-line form for species assessment.
10
zzbboorrnniikk__cceerrvveennee zzoozznnaammyy..iinndddd 1100 2277..88..22001144 2222::3366::0077