Carnegie

626 Pages·2003·3.26 MB·English

by  Peter Krass

CARNEGIE

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CARNEGIE
Peter Krass
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ffirs.qxd 07/29/03 5:31 PM Page iv
This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞
Copyright © 2002 by Peter Krass. All rights reserved
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Krass, Peter.
Carnegie / Peter Krass.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-471-38630-8 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN 0-471-46883-5 (paper : alk. paper)
1. Carnegie, Andrew, 1835–1919. 2. Industrialists—United States—Biography.
3. Philanthropists—United States—Biography. 4. Steel industry and trade—
United States—History. I. Title.
CT275.C3 K73 2002
338.7(cid:1)672(cid:1)092—dc21
2002010162
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5
For Diana

Contents
Preface ix
1 Flesh and Blood 1
2 Odyssey to America 15
3 $1.20 a Week 28
4 The Scotch Devil 41
5 Tree of Knowledge 51
6 Blood Money and Black Gold 62
7 An Iron Coup 73
8 Many Hands, Many Cookie Jars 82
9 Bridges to Glory 96
10 Epiphany of Legend 112
11 Template for Domination 130
12 Rekindling the Flame 147
13 War against the Steel Aristocracy 164
14 An Attack on Britain 181
15 Bleeding Hearts and Bleeding Newspapers 193
16 Patronizing the Peasants 207
17 The Pale Horse and the Gray Dress 227
18 Gospel of Conscience 238
19 Rewards from the Harrison Presidency 252
20 Prelude to Homestead 263
21 The Homestead Tragedy 275
22 The Great Armor Scandal 304
23 Seeking a Measure of Peace 323
24 Illegal Rebates and a Fight with Rockefeller 335
25 A Point of Disruption and Transition 348
26 The Crusades 360
vii
viii Contents
27 UnCivil War 380
28 The World’s Richest Man 396
29 Tainted Seeds 414
30 Human Frailty 434
31 The Peace Mission Begins 454
32 The Metamorphosis of Andrew Carnegie 472
33 Covert Deal with Taft 482
34 The Last Great Benefaction 500
35 House of Cards 509
36 The War to End All Wars 519
The Carnegie Legacy 537
Notes 543
Selected Bibliography 583
Acknowledgments 587
Index 589