Caring for the hospitalized child : a handbook of inpatient pediatrics PDF
Preview Caring for the hospitalized child : a handbook of inpatient pediatrics
Caring for the Hospitalized Child A C Caring for the A Handbook of Inpatient Pediatrics H a a n r Hospitalized d in AAP Section on Hospital Medicine b o g Editors: Daniel A. Rauch, MD, FAAP; Jeffrey C. Gershel, MD, FAAP o k o fo Child Find point-of-care answers fast with this f I r n all-new guide! p t a h t ie e A Handbook of Inpatient Pediatrics Here’s the first place to look when you need immediate, on-the- nt spot recommendations for safe, effective inpatient care. Written by P H pediatric hospitalists for pediatric hospitalists, it’s sure to become your ed o go-to resource all the way from initial evaluation through hospital ia s discharge management. tr p Quickly access ics it Experienced pediatric hospitalists a clinical essentials provide proven how-tos for l i dozens of patient problems—from z e anaphylaxis, supraven tricular d tachycardia, and gastrointestinal bleeding to urinary tract C infections and nephrolithiasis, as h well as sedation and surgery. i l d This uniquely comprehensive manual also addresses ethics, equipment, economics, procedures, patient safety, quality management, and many other topical issues. Concise text descriptions, Author action-focused bulleted lists, American Academy of Pediatrics and at-a-glance charts and MEDICAL/Pediatrics tables streamline hospital MEDICAL/Hospital Administration & Care Section on Hospital Medicine MEDICAL/Nursing/Nurse & Patient problem-solving. Editors Daniel A. Rauch, MD, FAAP For other pediatric Jeffrey C. Gershel, MD, FAAP resources, visit the AAP Online Bookstore at www.aap.org/bookstore. AAP Caring for the Hospitalized Child A Handbook of Inpatient Pediatrics Author American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine Editors Daniel A. Rauch, MD, FAAP Jeffrey C. Gershel, MD, FAAP American Academy of Pediatrics Department of Marketing and Publications Staff Maureen DeRosa, MPA Director, Department of Marketing and Publications Mark Grimes Director, Division of Product Development Jeff Mahony Manager, Digital Strategy and Product Development Jennifer McDonald Manager, Online Content Carrie Peters Editorial Assistant Sandi King, MS Director, Division of Publishing and Production Services Kate Larson Manager, Editorial Services Leesa Levin-Doroba Manager, Publishing and Production Services Peg Mulcahy Manager, Graphic Design and Production Julia Lee Director, Division of Marketing and Sales Linda Smessaert Manager, Publication and Program Marketing Library of Congress Control Number: 2012941475 ISBN: 978-1-58110-754-8 MA0652 The recommendations in this publication do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate. The mention of product names in this publication is for informational purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Every effort has been made to ensure that the drug selection an dosage set forth in this text are in accor- dance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to check the package insert of each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. CPT © 2012 American Medical Association (AMA). All rights reserved. Fee schedules, relative value units, conversion factors, and/or related components are not assigned by the AMA, are not part of CPT, and the AMA is not recommending their use. The AMA does not directly or indirectly practice medicine or dispense medical services. The AMA assumes no liability for data contained or not contained herein. CPT is a regis- tered trademark of the AMA. 9-332/1212 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 III Reviewers/Contributors Editors Committee on Medical Liability and Risk Management Daniel A. Rauch, MD, FAAP, FHM Associate Professor of Pediatrics Council on Children With Disabilities Mount Sinai School of Medicine Council on Communications and Media Associate Director of Pediatrics Council on Injury, Violence, and Poison Elmhurst Hospital Center Prevention Elmhurst, NY Disaster Preparedness Advisory Council Jeffrey C. Gershel, MD, FAAP Vice Chairman, Department of Pediatrics National Center for Medical Home Jacobi Medical Center Implementation Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Section on Adolescent Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Section on Allergy & Immunology Bronx, NY Section on Anesthesiology & Pain American Academy of Pediatrics Medicine Board of Directors Reviewer Section on Bioethics Michael V. Severson, MD, FAAP Section on Clinical Pharmacology & R Therapeutics e American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Dermatology view Errol R. Alden, MD, FAAP e Section on Endocrinology r Executive Director/CEO Section on Gastroenterology, H epatology s/Co Roger F. Suchyta, MD, FAAP n & Nutrition t AMsasoucrieaetne EDxeeRcuotsiave, MDiPrAector Section on Hematology/Oncology ribut Director, Department of Marketing Section on Hospice and Palliative or s and Publications Medicine Mark Grimes Section on Infectious Diseases Director, Division of Product Development Section on Nephrology Jeff Mahony Section on Nutrition Manager, Digital Strategy and Section on Pediatric Pulmonology Product Development Section on Rheumatology S. Niccole Alexander, MPP Section on Transport Medicine Manager, Section on Hospital Medicine Section on Young Physicians AAP Reviewers Copy Editor Committee on Adolescence Kate Larson Committee on Coding and Nomenclature Committee on Drugs Cover Design and Book Design Committee on Hospital Care Peg Mulcahy Committee on Infectious Diseases IV Caring for the Hospitalized Child Chapter Authors Ara Balkian, MD, MBA Chief Medical Director, Inpatient Jamilet Alegria, MD Operations Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Associate Chair, Inpatient Pediatrics University of California, Irvine, School of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles Medicine Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Pediatric Hospitalist Keck School of Medicine at the University Division of Hospital Medicine and of Southern California Division of Neonatology Los Angeles, CA CHOC Children’s – Children’s Hospital of Chapter 34: Gastrointestinal Bleeding Orange County Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center Sheldon Berkowitz, MD, FAAP Pomona, CA Medical Director, Minneapolis Children’s Chapter 43: Immunodeficiency Clinic Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Brian Alverson, MD, FAAP Minnesota Associate Professor of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Brown University University of Minnesota Director, Division of Pediatric Hospital Minneapolis, MN Medicine Chapter 30: Do Not Resuscitate/Do Not s Hasbro Children’s Hospital utor Providence, RI ChaIpntteurb 3a1te: Informed Consent: b Chapter 64: Urinary Tract Infection ri Permission, Assent, and Confidentiality nt David Amrol, MD, FAAAAI, FACAAI o Shimona Bhatia, DO, MPH C Associate Professor of Internal Medicine ers/ and Adjunct Assistant Professor of PCehdilidatrreinc’s H Noastpioitnaalils tM Aetdteicnadl iCngenter w Pediatrics e Clinical Instructor of Pediatrics Revi DUnirieDvceitvrosirsi,ti oyA nollfe rSgoyu tahn dC aCrloinliincaa lS Icmhomoul noof logy Theo Gf Meoerdgeic Winaes hington University School Washington, DC Medicine Chapter 81: Fractures Columbia, SC Chapter 43: Immunodeficiency Genevieve L. Buser, MD, MSHP Fellow, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Moises Auron, MD, FAAP, FACP Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Assistant Professor of Medicine and Philadelphia, PA Pediatrics Chapter 82: Osteomyelitis Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Chapter 83: Septic Arthritis Medicine Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital Douglas W. Carlson, MD, FAAP, SFHM Cleveland, OH Professor of Pediatrics Chapter 63: Nephrotic Syndrome Director, Division of Hospital Medicine Washington University Gabriella C. Azzarone, MD, FAAP St Louis Children’s Hospital Assistant Professor of Pediatrics St Louis, MO Albert Einstein College of Medicine Chapter 26: Noninvasive Monitoring Pediatric Hospitalist Chapter 97: Sedation Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Bronx, NY Chapter 60: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome V Scott Carney, MD, FAAP Eyal Cohen MD, MSc, FRCP(C) Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Associate Professor of Pediatrics and University of South Carolina School of Health Policy, Management & Medicine Evaluation Assistant Program Director University of Toronto Palmetto Health Richland Pediatric The Hospital for Sick Children Residency Toronto, ON, Canada Columbia, SC Chapter 73: Feeding Tubes and Enteral Chapter 45: Fever of Unknown Origin Nutrition Julie Cernanec, MD, FAAP Laurie S. Conklin, MD Associate Staff Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Center for Pediatric Hospital Medicine George Washington University School of Children’s Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Medicine Cleveland, OH Pediatric Gastroenterologist Chapter 62: Nephrolithiasis Children’s National Medical Center Lindsay Chase, MD, FAAP Washington, DC Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Chapter 35: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Director of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Edward E. Conway Jr, MD, MS, FAAP, Fellowship FCCM, FCCP, FHM R Baylor College of Medicine Chairman, Milton and Bernice Stern e v Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics ie Houston, TX Professor of Clinical Pediatrics at the w e Chapter 12: Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Albert Einstein College of Medicine rs Chapter 17: Neck Masses Chief Pediatric Critical Care Medicine /Co Chapter 19: Parotitis Beth Israel Medical Center nt r Chapter 20: Peritonsillar Abscess New York, NY ib u Chapter 21: Retropharyngeal Abscess Chapter 68: Altered Mental Status t o r Vincent W. Chiang, MD, FAAP, FHM Matthew A. Cunningham, MD s Associate Professor of Pediatrics Fellow in Vitreoretinal Surgery and Harvard Medical School Diseases Chief, Inpatient Services, Department of University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Medicine Iowa City, IA Boston Children’s Hospital Chapter 77: Acute Vision Loss in the Boston, MA Hospitalized Child Chapter 71: Seizures Shani Cunningham, DO Daniel T. Coghlin, MD, FAAP Iowa City, IA Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Chapter 73: Feeding Tubes and Enteral The Warren Alpert Medical School of Nutrition Brown University Chapter 75: Obesity Pediatric Hospitalist Chapter 76: Parenteral Nutrition Hasbro Children’s Hospital Sharon Dabrow, MD Providence, RI Professor of Pediatrics Chapter 64: Urinary Tract Infection Director, Residency Program Department of Pediatrics University of South Florida Tampa, FL Chapter 49: Acute Liver Failure Chapter 99: Pyloric Stenosis VI Caring for the Hospitalized Child Jennifer Daru, MD, FAAP Nora Esteban-Cruciani, MD, MS, FAAP Assistant Clinical Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Professor of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine University of California San Francisco Assistant Director, Pediatric Hospital Chief, Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Medicine Children’s Hospital at Montefiore California Pacific Medical Center Bronx, NY San Francisco, CA Chapter 74: Fluids and Electrolytes Chapter 54: Leading a Team Bryan R. Fine, MD, MPH, FAAP, FHM Paola Dees, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Pediatric Hospitalist Adjunct Assistant Professor in Public Health All Children’s Hospital Johns Hopkins Eastern Virginia Medical School Medicine Director, Division of Pediatric Hospital St Petersburg, FL Medicine Chapter 99: Pyloric Stenosis Children’s Hospital of The King’s Daughters Carla N. DeJohn, MD, FAAP Norfolk, VA Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Chapter 51: The Economics of Pediatric Baylor College of Medicine Hospitalist Medicine s Texas Children’s Hospital Chapter 56: Pediatric Hospitalists in or Houston, TX Transport but Chapter 52: Family-Centered Rounds Chapter 73: Feeding Tubes and Enteral ri Chapter 86: Child Abuse: Physical Abuse Nutrition t n o and Neglect Brock C. Fisher, MD C s/ Chapter 87: Sexual Abuse Pediatric Critical Care and Pediatric wer Kelly DeScioli, MD Anesthesia e Houston, TX Anesthesia Services Medical Group evi Chapter 13: Acute Bacterial Sinusitis Divisions of Pediatric Critical Care and R Marcella M. Donaruma-Kwoh, MD, Anesthesia Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego FAAP Associate Clinical Professor, Department Assistant Professor, Pediatrics of Anesthesia Baylor College of Medicine University of California San Diego Texas Children’s Hospital San Diego, CA Houston, TX Chapter 95: Ventilation and Intubation Chapter 86: Child Abuse: Physical Abuse and Neglect Erin Stucky Fisher, MD, FAAP, MHM Chapter 87: Sexual Abuse Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and Vice Chair for Clinical Affairs Lindsey C. Douglas, MD, FAAP Associate Pediatric Residency Program Attending Physician, Pediatric Hospital Director Medicine Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowship Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Director The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Department of Pediatrics The Pediatric Hospital for Albert Einstein University of California San Diego, College of Medicine Medical Director for Quality Improvement Bronx, NY Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego Chapter 6: Endocarditis San Diego, CA Chapter 55: Patient Safety Chapter 95: Ventilation and Intubation VII Jason L. Freedman, MD Matthew Garber, MD, FAAP, FHM Fellow, Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Associate Professor of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia University of South Carolina School of University of Pennsylvania Medicine Philadelphia, PA Director, Pediatric Hospitalists Chapter 40: Acute Complications of Children’s Hospital, Palmetto Health Cancer Therapy Richland Jason A. French, MD, FAAP Columbia, SC Clinical Instructor, Pediatrics Chapter 45: Fever of Unknown Origin Children’s Hospital Colorado Laurie Gordon, MD, MA, FAAP Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Weill Cornell Medical School University of Colorado School of Medicine New York, NY Denver, CO Director, Pediatric Inpatient Unit Chapter 70: Headache New York Hospital Queens Blake A. Froberg, MD Site Director, Weill Cornell Pediatric Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Residency Program Assistant Professor of Emergency New York Hospital Queens AssMoceiadtiec iDneirector of the Indiana Poison FClhuasphtienrg 1, 1N: YRashes Associated With Re Center Serious Underlying Disease vie Indiana University School of Medicine Elizabeth Hart, MD, FAAP w e Indianapolis, IN Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics rs Chapter 48: Toxic Exposures George Washington University Children’s /Co Sarah Gaethke, MD, FAAP National Medical Center ntr Attending Physician Washington, DC ib u ProHealth Care Chapter 35: Inflammatory Bowel Disease to r Mukega, WI Daniel Hershey, MD s Chapter 65: Acute Ataxia Assistant Professor Sandra Gage, MD, PhD, FAAP University of California, San Diego Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Rady Children’s Hospital and Health Center Section of Hospital Medicine San Diego, CA Medical College of Wisconsin Chapter 98: Acute Abdomen Milwaukee, WI Vanessa L. Hill, MD, FAAP Chapter 65: Acute Ataxia Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Chapter 67: Acute Weakness UT Health Science Center—San Antonio Rachel Gallagher, MD, RDMS Medical Director of Inpatient Services Instructor of Pediatrics CHRISTOS Santa Rosa Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical School San Antonio, TX Staff Physician Chapter 92: Bronchiolitis Division of Emergency Medicine Margaret E. Hood, MD, FAAP Boston Children’s Hospital Clinical Professor Boston, MA Department of Pediatrics Chapter 71: Seizures University of Washington Seattle, WA Chapter 57: Pediatric Palliative Care VIII Caring for the Hospitalized Child Jonathan T. Johnson, MD Caryn A. Kerman, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Pediatric Hospitalist Baylor College of Medicine The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Pediatric Hospital Medicine Philadelphia, PA Texas Children’s Hospital Chapter 40: Acute Complications of Houston, TX Cancer Therapy Chapter 79: Red Eye Jacquelyn C. Kuzminski, MD, FAAP Chapter 80: White Eye Associate Professor of Pediatrics Quan Johnson, MD Medical College of Wisconsin Hospitalist Division Milwaukee, WI Children’s National Medical Center Chapter 41: Anemia Instructor of Pediatrics Kyle Lamphier, MD George Washington University Clinical Instructor of Pediatrics Medical Center University of Southern California Keck Washington, DC School of Medicine Chapter 81: Fractures Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles Vanitha I. Johnson, MD Los Angeles, CA Resident–PGY-4 Chapter 34: Gastrointestinal Bleeding rs Department of Ophthalmology Vivian Lee, MD o Baylor College of Medicine & Cullen t Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics bu Eye Institute University of Southern California Keck ri Houston, TX t School of Medicine n o Chapter 78: Ocular Trauma Pediatric Hospitalist C s/ Valerie Jurgens, MD Children’s Hospital Los Angeles r we Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellow Los Angeles, CA vie Clinical Instructor of Pediatrics Chapter 59: Acute Glomerulonephritis e George Washington University School of R Carly Levy, MD, FAAP Medicine and Health Sciences Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Childrens National Medical Center Division of General Pediatrics Washington, DC Palliative and Supportive Care Chapter 33: Gastroenteritis Thomas Jefferson University Daran Kaufman, MD A.I. duPont Hospital for Children Instructor of Clinical Pediatrics Wilmington, DE Jacobi Medical Center Chapter 44: Fever in Infants Younger Than Albert Einstein College of Medicine 60 Days Bronx, NY Stephanie R. Lichten, MD, FAAP Chapter 96: Pain Management Associate Program Director Erica C. Kaye, MD Advocate Children’s Hospital Resident in Pediatrics Oak Lawn, IL Department of Medicine Chapter 1: Anaphylaxis Boston Children’s Hospital Chapter 14: Cervical Lymphadenopathy Harvard Medical School Chapter 16: Mastoiditis Boston, MA Chapter 18: Orbital Cellulitis Chapter 57: Pediatric Palliative Care .
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