Caribbean Amphibians and Reptiles PDF
Preview Caribbean Amphibians and Reptiles
Caribbean Amphibians and Reptiles This Page Intentionally Left Blank Caribbean Amphibians and Re~tiles Edited by Brian I. Crother Department of Biology Southeastern Louisiana University Academic Press San Diego London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto Front cover photograph: Anolis smallwoodi from Guantanamo Bay. (For more details, see Color Plate 2, Figure D.) This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright (cid:14)9 1999 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press a division of Harcourt Brace & Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.apnet.com Academic Press 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX, UK http://www.hbuk.co.uk/ap/ Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 98-87235 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-197955-5 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 99 00 01 02 03 04 QW 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Contributors ix Foreword xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Legends to Color Plates xxi Over 300 Years of Collecting in the Caribbean Ernest Williams Introduction: Where We Are 1 Periods in the History of Knowledge of the West Indian Herpetofauna 6 Period I 6 Period II 12 Period III 17 Period IV 20 Period V 24 Period VI 26 The Seventh Period? 30 2 A Review of Cuban Herpetology Alberto R. Estrada and Rodolpho Ruibal History 31 The Species 35 vi Contents 3 Jamaica Ronald I. Crombie Introduction 63 Location-Topography-Geology 67 Rivers 69 Climate and Vegetation 71 Historical Summary 73 Problems 89 The Hispaniolan Herpetofauna: Diversity, Endemism, and Historical Perspectives, with Comments on Navassa Island Robert Powell, Jose A. Ottenwalder, and Sixto J. Inchaustegui Introduction 93 Geography and Physiography 93 Vegetation 98 Diversity and Endemism 102 Historical Perspectives 139 Fossil Record 163 Current Status of the Herpetofauna 164 The Puerto Rico Area Richard Thomas Introduction: The Region 169 A Brief History of Herpetology in the Puerto Rico Area 171 The Puerto Rican Herpetofauna within the Greater Antillean Assemblages 171 Patterns of Distribution: The Puerto Rico Bank 172 Distribution within Puerto Rico 172 The Incursive and Anthropochore Herpetofauna 178 Contents vii 6 The Lesser Antillean Fauna Ellen J. Censky and Hinrich Kaiser Inroduction 181 Diversity and Taxonomic History 187 Biogeography 219 Conservation 220 7 West Indian Herpetoecology Robert W. Henderson and Robert Powell Introduction 223 History 224 Some Aspects of the Ecology of the West Indian Herpetofauna 231 Summary 263 Future Emphasis 264 8 Evolutionary Relationships Brian I. Crother Introduction 269 Anura 270 Sauria 278 Serpentes 306 Testudines 326 Crocodylia 328 Conclusions 329 Appendix 331 9 Ecological and Historical Biogeography Gregory K. Pregill and Brian I. Crother Introduction 335 viii Contents Historical Biogeography 336 Ecological Biogeography 344 Coda 356 10 The West Indies and Middle America: Contrasting Origins and Diversity William E. Duellman Introduction 357 Materials and Methods 358 Origins of the Herpetofaunas 358 Diversity of the Herpetofaunas 364 Discussion 369 References 371 Systematic Index 475 Contributors Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin. Ellen J. Censky (181), Section of Amphibians and Reptiles, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Ronald I. Crombie (63), Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560 Brian I. Crother (269, 335), Department of Biology, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402 William E. Duellman (357), Division of Herpetology, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 Alberto R. Estrada (31), Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00937 Robert W. Henderson (223), Section of Vertebrate Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233 Sixto J. Inehuastegui (93), Grupo Jaragua, El Vergel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Hinrieh Kaiser (181), Institut fiir Humangenetik, Universitdt Wiirzburg, Biozentrum, am Hubland, 97074 Wiirzburg, Germany Jos~ A. Ottenwalder (93), Conservation and Management of Biodiversity Project, United Nations Development Programme, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Robert Powell (93, 223), Department of Natural Sciences, Avila College, Kansas City, Missouri 64145 Gregory K. Pregill (335), Department of Biology, The University of San Diego, San Diego, California 92110 Rudolfo Ruibal (31), Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 ix
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