CAREX CYRTOSTACHYA (CYPERACEAE), A NEW SPECIES OF SEDGE ENDEMIC TO THE SIERRA NEVADA OF CALIFORNIA

2013·5.6 MB·English

by  Peter F Zika

NEW
OF SEDGE
A
SPECIES
(CYPERACEAE).
CYRTOSTACHYA
CAREX
CALIFORNIA
NEVADA OF
THE
ENDEMIC TO SIERRA
R Janeway
Lawrence
Zika
Peter
F.
Herbarium
The Chico State
WTU Box 355325
Herbarium,
Chico
State University,
California
Washington
of
University
95929-0515, U.S.A.
California
Chico,
Washington 98195-5325, U.S.A.
Seattle,
[email protected]
Ranger
Feather River District
Plumas National Forest
U.SA.
95965,
California
875 Mitchell Avenue, Oroville,
[email protected]
Ahart
Lowell
Wilson
Barbara
L.
Road
Ahart
9771
Group
Working
Carex
95966, U.S.A.
NW California
Oroville,
377 Alta Vista Drive
1
[email protected]
Oregon 97330, U.S.A.
Corvallis,
[email protected]
Nevada of California. Detail
•a
been puzzled by a sedge resem-
have
Nevada California
of
northern Sierra
workeK of the
Several in ihe llora
from on the basis of
which
Olney ex W. Boon, but differa it im
bling Curex ntendurinensis
&
Atan
Oswald
Oaneway 1992;
species
and coast range habitats of that
and from the coastal
disjunct
is
we them here
describe
populations,
studying the Sierran
After
Taylor 2010).
Oswald CUfton 2003, 2005;
2002;
1968 by G. Ledyard Stebbins.
was in
new collected
as a species. first
It
&
2A, 3A-B, 5)
nov. (Fig?.
Janeway Zika, sp. 1,
Carex cyrtostacliya
m, 5 Aug 2011, Zika 25715 6-
Pinkard Creek drt
mi SE Sugar Pine Point,
2 of
Road 20N03 (Mooreville Ridge Road), air
DM f,OSC,RSA).
CHSC,
WTU; BRU, CAS,
isotypes;
Janeway (HOLorYre:
Ahart,
Wilson,
and
longer
widely spaced perigynia,
CarexortosrnchyadiffersfromCarexmendocinensisinitsmorenexuousdistalla
cul^
(stems)
with root hairs Tertile
rnT'ce^I, brown, not densely felted
lort rhizomes; roots
with
Hapless, wtth
mm sheaths scale-hke.
smooth on the angles; basal
trigonous,
cm wide,
20-132 0.4-2.3
long,
and green sheaths the
red-brown,
above red-purple,
grading into
dark purple,
rale veins scabrouSHtillate, mm
long
5-80(-142)
culm; sheatte
on lower of
mostly half
Letwes (2-)3-5,
bearing blades.
upper these
of
green to whitish, often
blade)
(opposite
sheath faces
green, the
h^dy glabrous to scabrous,
culm,
clasping
of Texas
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute 7(1)
“
l-
U- V-shaped, dilate, fragile; '
apex (mouth) or
scabrous, the
glabrous or
with red or purple,
dotted
cm
0.5-42
blades
rounded
cliate;
acuminate, occasionally
apex acute or
"hau wide,
longer
long,
on
scabrous ad-
strongly
occasionally
W-shaped in cross-section,
S-4 5f-6')mmwide V- or
flat
loTna
l-3paleprominentabaxialveir«,ttm,ginsscabrousd«^^^^^
with
smooth,
axWurfacenearligule,otherwi«
see
vegetative shoots,
sheaths of
pseudoculms (overlapping leaf
shoots;
shoots similar to fertile
Vegetative
mm
J Ptoxtmal
2.5-5 wide.
basal leaves
4-6 cm with 3-6 leaves, the larger
Remtcek
1986) tall,
mflorescence.5.5-^5cmong,
exceeding
than
blades shorter to
.be
withsheaths(2.5-)6-42mm long,
bracts
im
^rescimees 5-47
much long,
reduced,
mm bracts
gUbmus or slightly dilate, the distal
wide, mm
0.9-2.5
on peduncles 17-171
spikes
proximal lateml
staminate;
terminal spike
.be
the spikes pistillate,
lateral
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas
7(1)
mm
long, the portion exserted from the sheath 10-1 14 long (rarely the proximal spike branching once from the
&
basal Janeway 9080 CHSC,
pistillate scale, Rubtzoff 7088 Howell CAS);
lateral spikes solitary at the nodes,
arching, often drooping at maturity on smooth
flexible, or slightly scabrous peduncles, the two proximal
2-28 mm
spikes separated by cm,
the distal spikes overlapping, on peduncles 5-25
long, rarely termi-
sessile;
mm
nal spike erect on peduncle 5-26
Spikes
long. 3-6, the
lateral spikes pistillate (very rarely androgynous)
mm
mm
cylindrical, 18-93 long, 2-5.7 with mm
thick, (10-)14-29
perigynia attached
0.7-3.5(-6) apart the
mm
mm
terminal spike staminate, 10-64 &
long, 1.1-2.3
thick, rarely gynecandrous
7088 Howell
(Rubtzoff
CAS)and
the lower
half staminate.PistiUate
scales
usuallyshorter than mature
perigynia, obovate to oblong-
mm
obovate,
(2.2-)3-4.8(-6.8)
long
including
glabrous or awn,
ciliate acute, rounded or notched apex
at
from
(apart awn),
glabrous with
ciliate or erose margins
distally, white-hyaline or faintly marked with
red-
brown, uncommonly mm
awn
red-spotted;
(0-)0.5-2.2(-3.1)
long; midrib
broad, brown
green, aging with
1-3 vems, ramly with
sparse
bristles Staminate
distally. scales densely
overlapping,
clasping
at base, oblan-
mm
ceolale to oHong-obUnceolate.
4-6.9(-8) bng,
acme,
roumled,
or rrotched
at apex, hyaline with green
midvetn, ^abrous, the proximal mm
with awn
scales prominent mm
0.5-3(-5) Anthem
long. 18-3
long
3,
a^x
s tg t y ctlmte at (40x1 Pengyma
erect-ascending or oppressed when mm
mature,
(3.2-)3.8-5.8
mm long,
1-1.8
s1. y_,wide, bases gradually narrowed mm
to darker
stipes 0.3-0.6
long; body *
flattened-trigonous ±
mrop
View, Cribbed and
Bnely
12-15-vei„e4
^
p s or purple membranous,
dots,
glabrous, gradually mm
tapered
to beak; beak
(0.5-)0 7-1 4 Inno
^
(measured from
mm
inflection
point); apical teeth obscure, 0.2-0.6
long on
often ciliate nr h^t .u
Ache^
mm
(nutlets) 1.9-2.7
long
(not including mm XT
remnant
style orstipeU.1-1.6
wide trigoZl
7
f
‘
by perigynium naniZ
brown
pale
®
“
cvnZt ^0“
aTr'"
fro"
Cumx
r.cessTons of
"""
waxycuticleandtheouterpericlinXXlhhr^f^^^^^^^
Z“"
Cure.,
mcndociitensis (unZT "P“'“ Warent.
tends to have many °7i
papillae
papillae
often occupieda
smaller percena^of*empZr''T7"''’'7'
.ended
robe
narrowandwithout':n.meS
t“*^^^^^^
77
faces were
simiUr
for the two 7l
“chene
species 4C F sur-
(Fig
those
of
C. hirtissinta w. ' “..hene surfaces
Boott
(Waterway also resembled
1990a, Fig.V
7
7
Iro^fuM
exposure. Imnges
7Zion *P™*ng
on
and
elevation
"P"^"
terraces on more "“h ZwTn
mesic samratedsoil,
wel7'
soils. a!
Cur«
cyr,mmcl.ya
commonly
grows
in
the shade wood
of
& &
Am.)
Torr. A. Gray, Corylus cornuta Marshall, Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. Rehder, Pinus contorta
&
Douglas ex Loudon, lambertiana Douglas, ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson C. Lawson, sabiniana Doug-
P. P. P.
&
las ex D. Don, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Quercus durata Rhododendron occidentak (Torr. A.
Jeps.,
&
Gray) A. Gray, Rulms armeniacus Focke, R. laciniatus Willd., and R. leucodermis Douglas ex Torr. A. Gray.
Some
Herbaceous
associates are diverse, corresponding to variation in soil moisture. typical associates are
Adenocaulon bicolor Hook., Agrostis palkns Trin., A. sccAra Willd., Aquikgiaformosa Fisch. ex DC., Carex ampli-
C
W. W.
folia Boott, C. bolanderi Olney, C.feta L.H. Bailey, C. hirtissima Boott, laeviculmis Meinsh., C. lemmonii
Boon, C. pachystachya Cham, ex Steud., C. stipata Muhl. ex Willd., Circaea alpina L., Equisetum arvense L., E.
Geum
hyemale Fragaria vesca Galium bolanderi A. Gray, macrophyllum Willd., Hieracium albiflorum
L., L.,
& & &
Hook., Juncus effusus L. subsp. pacificus (Feraald Wiegand) Piper Beattie, exiguus (Femald Wiegand)
J.
&
Lint ex Snogerup Zika, laccatus Zika, trijormis Engelm., Linnaea borealis L., Luzula comosa E. Mey. var.
J. J.
laxa Buchenau, L. parviflora (Ehrh.) Desv., Mimulus moschatus Douglas ex Lindl, Pteridium aquilinum (L.)
&
Kuhn, Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl, and Scirpus microcarpus Presl C. Presl.
J.
—
Etymology. Carex cyrtostachya, or arching sedge, is named for its a ving or pendulous (jcyrto-) pistillate
spikes
(-stachya).
—
The
Distribution. range of Carex cyrtostachya limited the northern
is to Sierra
northern high Sierra Nevada geographic subdivisions (Baldwin from Do
et 2012), El
al.
Yuba and
Butte counties, California (Fig. 5). Populations of C. cyrtostachya are discontir
on
the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, with one
cluster of populatio
Yuba
adjacent County, and the other in El Dorado County. Only
13 populations have been documented, most
them No
of quite small, within an area of 120 x 30 km. populations have been found
in the intervening Placer,
Nevada, or Sierra counties. Arching sedge is thus a narrow endemic,
restricted to just three counties in Califor-
nia. There are 12 other endemic Carex
species in California (Mastrogiuseppe
1993, Zika 2012, Zika et 2012),
al.
as well as additional endemic members
of the Cyperaceae, such
as the recently described
Eleocharis torticulmis
Sm.,
S.G. restricted to a small area in the northern high Nevada
Sierra of Plumas County
(Smith
2001).
Conservation.—Most
Carex
cyrtostachya populations
are small, difficult to locate, and potentially threat-
ened by logging and The
invasive Rubus.
species should some
receive
conservation More
attention. inventory
is
needed and
systematic census data are lacking, but based on our
initial field surveys and and
observations, the
her^num
may
records, there be fewer than 20 populations and A
2000
plants in few
total. populations on
are
land managed by US
the Forest Service, in the Plumas and Dorado
El
National
Forests, but other
locales are at
low
on
elevations private land and
susceptible development
to or
hydrological
changes.
an
Creek bridge on Bean
Creek Road, 609 m,
29 Jun
1988, Ahart 6108
m,
Janeway
J 2 Jul 1988 2955 (CHSC, WS);
small lake mi S Brush
1 of
'of Lost Creek
Reservoir, 1036 m,
6Jul 1993, Ahart 7052 (CHSC); mi
0.5
CHSC,
DAV,HSC,JEPS,WTU);
W same
CHSC. site, 6Jul 2011, 2Sfea 25535 (CAS,
OSC, WTU);
side of Pinkard Crei road mi N
.2 of Lost Creek
Reservoir dam, 6 Aug
Janeway
2006 8826 (CHSC WTU)-
same
site, 6 jul 2011, Zika 25536 CHSC, W
(CAS,
GH.JEPS, MICH, MO. OSC
1 -ipper branch
of Know-Nothing
Creek, Lumpkin
^
CHSC, NY
' JEPS,
'aEPS,CHSC);sa
^
miv 8868 (CHSC, WTU);
Jane-
S Fork Bacon S^onrarfelhicl™lRl^“^ ^006
^
same
&
site, 19
Jul 1973,
Rubtzpff 7187
Holell
((^); Rlckc™yoTcreek2TO
“Pstream
of
Creek confluence
with
Special ^ Traverse
Interest Area, Dorado Creek, Traverse
El National Fn«>« fisn q
i i
6-;a«cwa>(CHSC,OSC,WTl0. ^ay
2012, Zifea 25877
YubaCo.:HampshireCreekMealw^V“"r‘’pT’r‘^”^’.'^^^’
2007,Jan<way9116&Ahart,
Hanson (WTU);
same ^
7 Aug
site, 2007 Ahart
Aug
Janeway ’ 5
(CHSC, 201 2iha25718&
jEPS,OSC, WTU).
1, Wilson, Ahart.
IZXx
'heirsy^ony^s
(C.
c.
establish,!,
differences ween
be, ,hema„dCc>nosk.41ZJZed.Z^^
synonymy T
.n
might
apply
to
C.
cyrtostachya. The
descriptions
of IZ
several of rhe "
Whrch
gathering was
Wed “
the
type, bu,
whiA “"P'”
to specify wt
duplicate
^
type senes
of ^®*°‘ype. In
c.mendociticnsis was addition, part of
a hybrid withe d tl
vv
and some neeWThTZofZZ^
lecmtypficariotrs
were
mkZZ
consecutively by T W'e
Bolander and
numbere
appear
be froZargl
to
we
(1951)
belteve U Uke
is masonable Howe
assume
to
)
the ^pheates, ““
a, DS, has 1117^
the
precise
date
of coUecion
urn
'
T
hm
sts; original
material
at Harvard
is the siktw
lectotype
b^f^' d
A
Zika et
al., r
from type
the
and thus can be distinguished
anthers
The hybrid plants to exsert or dehisce their
fail
docinensis.
anthers or
immature, has dehiscent
C on same which, although often
mendocinensis the sheets,
material of
Bo-
Waterway reported isotypes of
and (1988)
Howell
were (1951)
where the anthers shed.
exserted filaments
We
inspected the
we examine them. also
NY were unable
mix but
were also a with the hybrid,
lander 4701 at
taxono-
Howell discussed the
cinnamomea Olney, a synonym of C. mendocinensis. (1951)
available types of C.
We
Olney’s
designate
my GH, NY, UC, and US, but did not select a lectotype.
and cited type specimens at
gynody-
Carex
BRU, ex Olney).
material Brown University as the lectotype (Bolander 6477 herb. S. T.
original at
which
but not specifying
nama was by Olney only one gathering, Bolander 4700,
described citing
also (1868),
name by Bolander
the citing
of the many duplicates was the holotype. Howell (1951) effectively lectotypified
none
We and nine isotypes of C. gynodynama; ap-
(BRU) were study the lectotype
4700 as the type. able to
peared to include hybrid elements.
swamps
Carex mendocinensis Olney ex W. Boott, Bot. California 2:249. 1880. Type: U.S.A. Caufornu. Mendocino Co.;
DISCUSSION
Carex
cyrtostachya is closely related to C. mendocinensis, and the two are compared in Table Most specimens
1.
arc easily segregated by inflorescence The
structure.
lateral pistillate spikes of Carex cyrtostachya arch or droop,
or dangle on flexuous peduncles, and the perigynia more
are widely spaced
Carex
(Figs. 2A). mendocinensis
1,
usually displays erect or ascending
distal lateral spikes that are densely
fruited (Fig. 2B). Occasional plants of
C. mendocinensis show lax proximal
spikes, but the distal pistillate spikes remain
essentially addition
erect. In
to the obvious inflorescence
differences, several other characters
are useful in identification Although none
are absolutely
exclusive, in combination
they allow
reliable The
identification. staminate scales of most plants
o mmdocmensis
C. are awnless, although mm
the lower awn
scales rarely have an
0.3-0.5
Peck 8792 (GH),
(e.g..
Curry' Co., Oregon). Proximal
staminate mm
scales of C. cyrtostachya have prominent
awns, often 1-5 In
long.
^dition,
the pistillate scales and awns
their
are longer in C. cyrtostachya, with some
overlap measurements,
in
he^ngyma
and
scales of C. mendocinensis
are green, strongly marked
with
red
or purple or red-brown;
T
in comras,
.he pis.lIU.e scale bodies ol
cyHosc^kya
C. are usually
wh.n.-hyaline,
cmly with
rarely a red-brown
lain,
wash, whereas
.he perigynia are
placement
within
the perigynium
differs so that
.1^1.^^.^' slightly,
the disunce bet^en
C
of ntendochtemis
ate often m
scabrous,
while
they tend
be smooth
fai«rscXusTn
or

. . .
of Texas
Research Institute 7(1)
the Botanical
Journal of
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
POM, RSA,
MICH, ORE, OSC,
We BM, BRU, CAS, CHSC, DS, GH, HSC, ID, JEPS, NY,
thank the curators of
WTU Some unaccessioned
additional
SOC, UBC, UC, WILLU, WS, anti for access to their collections or loans.
we applaud Lowell Ahart
were examined CAS, CHSC, and JEPS. For assistance in the field,
materials also at
and Debra
We Tony Reznicek, Philippe Seguin,
and Nelson. extend our gratitude to Joy Mastrogiuseppe,
Julie
unmounted
CAS
Trock for their discussions and advice. Rebecca Peters at was especially helpful in locating
maps assembled by
by The drawings were prepared by Krista Anandakuttan, the
collections Peter Rubtzoff.
Tom Ruehli, Fig. 3 photographed by Steve Matson, and the SEM images made by Wai Pang Chan at the Biol-
We
we indebted
ogy Imaging FaciUty the University of Washington; are grateful to all of them. are also
at
whose comments and
Tony Leo and Ted Cochrane,
to the three reviewers, Reznicek, Bruederle, especially
much Comments strengthened the
suggestions resulted in a improved manuscript. from Barbara Castro also
Fund
manuscript. Partial funding for herbarium study was provided by the Lawrence R. Heckard of the Jepson
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Carex—
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f