Cardiovascular Therapeutics - A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease: Expert Consult - Online and Print, 3e

957 Pages·2006·20.01 MB·English

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CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPEUTICS:A COMPANION TO ISBN-13:978-1-4160-3358-5
BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE ISBN-10:1-4160-3358-0
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Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cardiovascular therapeutics:a companion to Braunwald’s heart disease / [edited by]
Elliott M.Antman;section editors,Michael M.Givertz … [et al.].—3rd ed.
p.;cm.
Companion v.to:Heart disease / edited by Eugene Braunwald,Douglas P.Zipes,
Peter Libby,Robert Bonow.7th ed.c2005.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-4160-3358-0
1.Cardiovascular system–Diseases–Treatment.I.Antman,Elliott M.II.Heart disease.
[DNLM:1.Cardiovascular Diseases–therapy.WG 166 C2671 2007]
RC671.C37 2007
616.1′06—dc22 2006046238
Chapter 4,The Process ofRegulatory Review for New Cardiovascular Devices by Neal Muni and
Bram Zuckerman is in the public domain.
Acquisitions Editor:Natasha Andjelkovic
Developmental Editor:Arlene Chappelle
Publishing Services Manager:Frank Polizzano
Project Manager:JeffGunning
Design Direction:Steve Stave
Printed in Canada
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
http://avaxho.me/blogs/ChrisRedfield
To
Dr.Karen Antman
Dr.Amy Antman Gelfand
Dr.David Eric Antman
Dr.Jeffrey Marc Gelfand
vii
Contributors
William T.Abraham,MD,FACP,FACC,FAHA Eric R.Bates,MD
Professor ofInternal Medicine and Adjunct Professor of Professor ofInternal Medicine,University ofMichigan
Physiology and Cell Biology,The Ohio State University Medical School,Ann Arbor,Michigan
College ofMedicine and Public Health;Chief,Division of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Cardiovascular Medicine,and Deputy Director,Davis Heart
and Lung Research Institute,Columbus,Ohio Edmund A.Bermudez,MD,MPH
Implantable Devices for the Management ofHeart Failure Assistant Professor ofMedicine,Tufts University School of
Medicine,Boston;Department ofCardiovascular Medicine,
Jonathan Abrams,MD Lahey Clinic,Burlington,Massachusetts
Professor ofMedicine,University ofNew Mexico School of Optimal Timing ofSurgical and Mechanical Intervention in
Medicine;StaffPhysician,University Hospital,Albuquerque, Native Valvular Heart Disease
New Mexico
Pharmacologic Options for Treatment ofIschemic Disease Christopher H.Cabell,MD,MHS,FACC
Assistant Professor,Duke University School ofMedicine and
Lishan Aklog,MD Duke Clinical Research Institute,Durham,North Carolina
Chair,The Cardiovascular Center,and Chiefof Prevention and Treatment ofEndocarditis
Cardiovascular Surgery,The Heart and Lung Institute,
St.Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center,Phoenix,Arizona David A.Calhoun,MD
Surgery for Valvular Heart Disease Associate Professor ofMedicine,University ofAlabama at
Birmingham School ofMedicine,Birmingham,Alabama
Michelle A.Albert,MD,MPH Resistant Hypertension
Assistant Professor ofMedicine,Cardiovascular Division and
Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention;Associate Robert M.Califf,MD
Physician,Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Boston Professor ofMedicine and Vice Chancellor for Clinical
Massachusetts Research,Duke University School ofMedicine;Director,
Primary Prevention ofIschemic Heart Disease Duke Clinical Research Institute,Durham,North Carolina
Tools for Assessment ofCardiovascular Tests and Therapies
Elliott M.Antman,MD
Professor ofMedicine,Harvard Medical School; David J.Callans,MD
Senior Investigator,TIMI Study Group,and Director, Professor ofMedicine,University ofPennsylvania School of
Samuel A.Levine Cardiac Unit,Brigham and Women’s Medicine;Director,Electrophysiology Laboratory,Hospital
Hospital,Boston,Massachusetts ofthe University ofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,
Tools for Assessment ofCardiovascular Tests and Therapies Pennsylvania
Nonpharmacologic Treatment ofTachyarrhythmias
Anelechi Anyanwu,MD,MSc,FRCS(CTh)
Associate Professor,Mount Sinai School ofMedicine; George Chrysant,MD
Director ofHeart and Heart-Lung Transplantation,Mount Clinical Assistant Professor ofMedicine,University of
Sinai Medical Center,New York,New York Oklahoma;Director,Advanced Cardiac Imaging,Integris
Surgery for Valvular Heart Disease Baptist Medical Center,Oklahoma City,Oklahoma
Treatment ofHypertension in the Patient with Cardiovascular
Rishi Arora,MD Disease
Assistant Professor ofMedicine,Northwestern University
Feinberg School ofMedicine;Attending Physician, Jay N.Cohn,MD
Northwestern Memorial Hospital,Chicago,Illinois Professor ofMedicine,University ofMinnesota Medical
The Role ofImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Primary School,Minneapolis,Minnesota
and Secondary Prevention ofSudden Cardiac Death Pharmacologic Management ofHeart Failure in the
Ambulatory Setting
George L.Bakris,MD
Professor ofMedicine,University ofChicago Pritzker School Wilson S.Colucci,MD,FACC,FAHA
ofMedicine;StaffPhysician,University ofChicago Chief,Cardiovascular Medicine,Boston University Medical
Hospitals,Chicago,Illinois Center, Boston,Massachusetts
Treatment ofHypertension in Patients with Renal Disease Strategies for Management ofDecompensated Heart Failure
viii Contributors
Gregory S.Couper,MD School ofMedicine;Associate Physician,Brigham and
Assistant Professor ofSurgery,Harvard Medical School; Women’s Hospital,Boston,Massachusetts
Surgical Director ofHeart Transplantation and Circulatory Atrial Fibrillation
Assistance,Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Boston,
Massachusetts Bonita Falkner,MD
Circulatory Support Devices Professor ofMedicine and Pediatrics,Jefferson Medical
College ofThomas Jefferson University;StaffPhysician,
George D.Dangas,MD,PhD Thomas Jefferson University Hospital,Philadelphia,
Associate Professor ofMedicine,Columbia University Pennsylvania
Medical Center;Program Director,Interventional Cardiology Management ofHypertension in Children and Adolescents
Fellowship,New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia,
New York,New York James C.Fang,MD
Treatment with Drug-Eluting Stents Associate Professor ofMedicine,Case School ofMedicine;
Clinical Director ofCardiology and Medical Director of
Jacqueline Suk Danik,MD,MPH Heart Failure,Transplant,and Circulatory Assistance,
Instructor in Medicine,Harvard Medical School;Staff University Hospitals ofCleveland,Cleveland,Ohio
Cardiologist,Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Circulatory Support Devices
Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Boston,Massachusetts
Primary Prevention ofIschemic Heart Disease John D.Ferguson,MB,ChB,FACC
Assistant Professor ofMedicine,Department ofMedicine,
Michael H.Davidson,MD University ofVirginia Health System,Charlottesville,
Professor ofMedicine,Rush College ofMedicine;Director of Virginia
Preventive Cardiology,Rush University Medical Center; Acute and Chronic Pharmacologic Management of
Executive Medical Director,Radiant Research,Chicago,Illinois Supraventricular Tachycardias
Pharmacologic Therapy for Hypertriglyceridemia and Low
HDL: Rationale for Combination Therapy Lisa W.Forbess,MD
Assistant Professor ofMedicine,University ofTexas
John P.DiMarco,MD,PhD Southwestern Medical School,Dallas,Texas
Professor ofMedicine,University ofVirginia School of Pharmacologic Options for Treating Cardiovascular Disease
Medicine;Director,Clinical Electrophysiology-UVA, During Pregnancy
University ofVirginia Health System,Charlottesville,Virginia
Acute and Chronic Pharmacologic Management of Keith A.A.Fox,MB,ChB,FRCP,FESC
Supraventricular Tachycardias Professor ofCardiology,Consultant Cardiologist,University
ofEdinburgh,Edinburgh,United Kingdom
Helmut Drexler,MD Chronic Stable Angina
Professor ofMedicine,Department ofCardiology and
Angiology,Hannover Medical School,Hannover,Germany Jane Freedman,PhD
Gene Therapies and Stem Cell Therapies (Stem Cell Therapy Associate Professor ofMedicine and Pharmacology,
for Cardiovascular Disorders) Boston University School ofMedicine,Boston,
Massachusetts
Victor J.Dzau,MD Pharmacologic Options for Treatment ofIschemic Disease
James B.Duke Professor ofMedicine and Chancellor for
Health Affairs,Duke University School ofMedicine, Daniel R.Frisch,MD
Durham,North Carolina Clinical Fellow in Cardiac Electrophysiology,Harvard
Gene Therapies and Stem Cell Therapies (Gene Therapies for Medical School,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Cardiovascular Diseases: Where We Are and Where We Are Boston,Massachusetts
Going) The Role ofImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Primary
and Secondary Prevention ofSudden Cardiac Death
Stephen G.Ellis,MD
Assistant Professor ofMedicine,University ofMichigan William H.Frishman,MD
Medical School,Dearborn,Michigan;Professor ofMedicine, Rosenthal Professor and Chairman,Department of
The Ohio State University College ofMedicine and Public Medicine,and Professor ofPharmacology,New York Medical
Health,Columbus,Ohio;Professor ofMedicine,Cleveland College;Director ofMedicine,Westchester Medical Center,
Clinic Lerner College ofMedicine ofCase Western Reserve Valhalla,New York
University,Cleveland,Ohio;Director,Jones Cardiac Pharmacologic Options for Treatment ofIschemic Disease
Laboratories,Department ofCardiovascular Medicine,
Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,Ohio Victor F.Froelicher,MD
Mechanical Approaches to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Professor ofMedicine,Stanford University School of
Medicine,Stanford;Director,ECG and Exercise Laboratory,
Rodney H.Falk,MD,FACC,FRCP Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System,Palo Alto,
Associate Clinical Professor ofMedicine,Harvard Medical California
School;Adjunct Professor ofMedicine,Boston University Rehabilitation ofthe Patient with Cardiovascular Disease
Contributors ix
William H.Gaasch,MD Jason T.Jacobson,MD
Professor ofMedicine,University ofMassachusetts Medical Assistant Professor ofMedicine,Northwestern University
School,Worcester;Lahey Clinic,Department of Feinberg School ofMedicine;StaffPhysician,Northwestern
Cardiovascular Medicine,Burlington,Massachusetts Memorial Hospital,Chicago,Illinois
Optimal Timing ofSurgical and Mechanical Intervention in Nonpharmacologic Treatment ofTachyarrhythmias
Native Valvular Heart Disease
Alan H.Kadish,MD,FACC
Todd W.Gehr,MD Chester and Deborah C.Cooley Professor ofMedicine,
Professor ofMedicine and Pharmacology,Medical College of Northwestern University Feinberg School ofMedicine;
Virginia ofVirginia Commonwealth University;Chairman, Attending Physician,Northwestern Memorial Hospital,
Division ofNephrology,VCU Health Systems,Richmond, Chicago,Illinois
Virginia The Role ofImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Primary
Phamarcologic Treatment ofHypertension and Secondary Prevention ofSudden Cardiac Death
Robert P.Giugliano,MD,SM Juhana Karha,MD
Assistant Professor ofMedicine,Harvard Medical School; Fellow,International Cardiology,Department of
Associate Physician,Department ofCardiovascular Cardiovascular Medicine,Cleveland Clinic Foundation,
Medicine,Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Boston, Cleveland,Ohio
Massachusetts Mechanical Approaches to Percutaneous Coronary
Non ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Intervention
Michael M.Givertz,MD Radhika Katakam,MD
Assistant Professor ofMedicine,Harvard Medical School; University ofPennsylvania School ofMedicine,Philadelphia,
Medical Director,Heart Transplant and Circulatory Assist, Pennsylvania
Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Boston,Massachusetts Hypertensive Emergencies
Pharmacologic Management ofHeart Failure in the
Ambulatory Setting; Strategies for Management of Nitin Khosla,MD
Decompensated Heart Failure Fellow in Hypertension,Rush University Medical Center,
Chicago,Illinois
Bruce R.Gordon,MD Treatment ofHypertension in Patients with Renal Disease
Professor,Clinical Medicine and Surgery,Weil Medical
College ofCornell University;Senior Member,The Rogosin Marie Krousel-Wood,MD,MSPH
Institute,New York,New York Clinical Professor ofEpidemiology,Tulane University School
The Steps Beyond Diet and Drug Therapy for Severe ofPublic Health and Tropical Medicine;Clinical Professor of
Hypercholesterolemia Family and Community Medicine,Tulane University School
ofMedicine;Director,Center for Health Research,Ochsner
Gene A.Gulliver,MD,PhD Clinic Foundation,New Orleans,Louisiana
Fellow in Cardiovascular Medicine,University ofWisconsin Initial Evaluation and Approach to the Patient with
School ofMedicine and Public Health/University of Hypertension
Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics,Madison,Wisconsin
Risk Factor Management and Lifestyle Modification in Heart Joel Kupersmith,MD
Failure ChiefResearch and Development Officer,Department of
Veterans Affairs,Veterans Health Administration,
Brian D.Hoit,MD Washington,DC
Professor ofMedicine,Physiology,and Biophysics, Tools for Assessment ofCardiovascular Tests and
Case School ofMedicine;Director,Cardiovascular Therapies
Ultrasound,University Hospitals ofCleveland,
Cleveland,Ohio Frederick G.Kushner,MD,FACC,FAHA
Treatment ofPericardial Disease Medical Director,Heart Clinic ofLouisiana;Clinical
Associate Professor,Department ofMedicine,Tulane
Priscilla Y.Hsue,MD,FACC University School ofMedicine,New Orleans,Louisiana
Assistant Professor ofMedicine,University ofCalifornia, ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
San Francisco,School ofMedicine,San Francisco,
California Michael J.Landzberg,MD
Treatment ofCardiovascular Manifestations ofHIV Assistant Professor ofMedicine,Harvard Medical School;
Director,Boston Adult Congenital Heart (BACH) and
Lisa Cooper Hudgins,MD Pulmonary Hypertension Group,Department ofCardiology,
Associate Professor ofPediatrics in Medicine,Weil Medical Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Children’s Hospital,and
College ofCornell University;Senior Member,The Rogosin Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,Boston,
Institute,New York,New York Massachusetts
The Steps Beyond Diet and Drug Therapy for Severe Care for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease; Treatment of
Hypercholesterolemia Severe Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension
x Contributors
A.Michael Lincoff,MD Charles J.Mullany,MB,MS
Professor ofMedicine,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Professor ofSurgery,Mayo Clinic College ofMedicine;
Medicine ofCase Western Reserve University;Vice Chairman Consultant,Cardiothoracic Surgery,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,
for Research,Department ofCardiovascular Medicine,and Minnesota
Director,Cleveland Clinic Cardiovascular Coordinating Revascularization Options for Ischemic Heart Disease:
Center,Cleveland Clinic Foundation,Cleveland,Ohio CoronaryArtery Bypass Grafting and Percutaneous Coronary
Mechanical Approaches to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Intervention
Mary Mullen,MD,PhD
William H,Maisel,MD,MPH Instructor in Pediatrics,Harvard Medical School;Director,
Assistant Professor ofMedicine,Harvard Medical School; Pulmonary Hypertension Service,Children’s Hospital,
Director,Pacemaker and ICD Service,Beth Israel Deaconess Boston,Massachusetts
Medical Center,Boston,Massachusetts Care for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Neal I.Muni,MD,MSPH
J.Michael Mangrum,MD Instructor in Medicine,Harvard Medical School;Associate
Associate Professor ofMedicine,University ofVirginia Physician,Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Boston,
School ofMedicine;Director,Atrial Fibrillation Center, Massachusetts
University ofVirginia Medical Center,Charlottesville, The Process ofRegulatory Review for New Cardiovascular
Virginia Devices
Acute and Chronic Pharmacologic Management of
Supraventricular Tachycardias Srinivas Murali,MD
Professor ofMedicine,University ofPittsburgh Medical
Giuseppi Martucci,MD Center,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania
Assistant Professor,McGill University Faculty ofMedicine; Cardiac Transplantation and Circulatory Support Devices
Director ofCatheterization,McGill Adult Unit for
Congenital Heart Disease (MAUDE),McGill University Jonathan N.Myers,PhD
Health Centre,Montreal,Quebec,Canada Associate Professor ofMedicine,Stanford University School
Care for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease ofMedicine,Stanford;Health Research Scientist,Veterans
Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System,Palo Alto,California
Barry J.Materson,MD,MBA Rehabilitation ofthe Patient with Cardiovascular Disease
Professor ofMedicine,University ofMiami Miller School of
Medicine,Miami,Florida Carlo Napolitano,MD,PhD
Initial Evaluation and Approach to the Patient with Adjunct Professor,University ofPavia Faculty ofMedicine;
Hypertension Senior Scientist,Molecular Cardiology,IRCCS Fondatione S.
Maugeri,Pavia,Italy
Michael A.Mathier,MD Genetics ofInherited Arrhythmias
Assistant Professor ofMedicine,University ofPittsburgh
School ofMedicine;Director,Cardiovascular Fellowship Stanley Nattel,MD
Program,and Director,Pulmonary Hypertension Program, Professor ofMedicine and Paul-David Chair in
University ofPittsburgh Medical Center,Pittsburgh, Cardiovascular Electrophysiology,University ofMontreal
Pennsylvania Faculty ofMedicine;Cardiologist,Montreal Heart Institute,
Cardiac Transplantation and Circulatory Support Devices Montreal,Quebec,Canada
The Use ofCardiovascular Drugs: Pharmacologic Principles
Kathy McManus,MS,RD
Director,Department ofNutrition,Brigham and Women’s David E.Newby,BSc(Hons),PhD,DM,FRCP
Hospital,Boston,Massachusetts Professor ofCardiology,University ofEdinburgh Faculty of
Cardiovascular Disease and Lifestyle Modification Medicine;Cardiologist,Royal Infirmary,Edinburgh,United
Kingdom
Judith Meadows,MD Chronic Stable Angina
Clinical and Research Cardiology Fellow,Cardiovascular
Division,Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Mari K.Nishizaka,MD
Hospital,Boston,Massachusetts Department ofCardiovascular Medicine,Graduate School of
Primary Prevention ofIschemic Heart Disease Medical Sciences ofKyushu University,Fukuoka,Japan
Resistant Hypertension
Luis G.Melo,BSc,MSc,PhD
Associate Professor ofPhysiology and Medicine and Canada Oon C.Ooi,MB,BCh
Research Chair in Molecular Cardiology,Queen’s University Fellow in Cardiothoracic Surgery,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,
Faculty ofMedicine,Kingston,Ontario,Canada Minnesota
Gene Therapies and Stem Cell Therapies (Gene Therapies for Revascularization Options for Ischemic Heart Disease:
Cardiovascular Diseases: Where We Are and Where We Are Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Percutaneous Coronary
Going) Intervention
Contributors xi
Suzanne Oparil,MD Domenic A.Sica,MD
Professor ofMedicine and Physiology and Biophysics, Professor ofMedicine and Pharmacology,Medical College of
University ofAlabama at Birmingham;Director,Vascular Virginia ofVirginia Commonwealth University;Chairman,
Biology and Hypertension Program,Division of Section ofPharmacology and Hypertension,VCU Health
Cardiovascular Disease,Department ofMedicine,University Systems,Richmond,Virginia
ofAlabama at Birmingham,Birmingham,Alabama Pharmacologic Treatment ofHypertension
Treatment ofHypertension in the Patient with Cardiovascular
Disease Lynne W.Stevenson,MD
Professor ofMedicine,Harvard Medical School;Co-Director,
Gail E.Peterson,MD Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure Program,Brigham and
Assistant Professor,University ofTexas Southwestern Women’s Hospital,Boston,Massachusetts
Medical School,Dallas,Texas Strategies for Management ofDecompensated Heart
Prevention and Treatment ofEndocarditis Failure
Silvia G.Priori,MD,PhD Neil J.Stone,MD
Associate Professor ofCardiology,University ofPavia Professor ofClinical Medicine (Cardiology),Northwestern
Faculty ofMedicine;Director ofMolecular Cardiology, University Feinberg School ofMedicine;Medical Director,
IRCCS Fondatione S.Maugeri,Pavia,Italy Vascular Center,Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute,
Genetics ofInherited Arrhythmias Northwestern Memorial Hospital,Chicago,
Illinois
Sharon C.Reimold,MD Drug for Elevated LDL-Cholesterol
Associate Professor ofMedicine,University ofTexas
Southwestern Medical School,Dallas,Texas Nancy K.Sweitzer,MD,PhD
Pharmacologic Options for Treating Cardiovascular Disease Assistant Professor,Department ofMedicine,University of
During Pregnancy Wisconsin School ofMedicine and Public Health;Director,
Heart Failure Program,University ofWisconsin Hospital and
Charanjit S.Rihal,MD Clinics,Madison,Wisconsin
Professor ofMedicine,Mayo Clinic College ofMedicine; Risk Factor Management and Lifestyle Modification in Heart
Consultant,Cardiovascular Diseases,and Director,Cardiac Failure
Catheterization Laboratory,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,Minnesota
Revasculation Option for Ischemic Heart Disease: Coronary Raymond R.Townsend,MD
Artery Bypass Grafting and Percutaneous Coronary University ofPennsylvania School ofMedicine,Philadelphia,
Intervention Pennsylvania
Hypertensive Emergencies
Frank M.Sacks,MD
Professor ofCardiovascular Disease Prevention,Nutrition Jason G.Umans,MD,PhD
Department,Harvard School ofPublic Health,and Professor Associate Professor ofMedicine and Obstetrics and
ofMedicine,Harvard Medical School;Senior Physician, Gynecology,Georgetown University School ofMedicine;
Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Boston,Massachusetts Scientific Director,Penn Medical Lab,MedStar Research
Cardiovascular Disease and Lifestyle Modification Institute;Attending Physician,Georgetown University
Hospital and Washington Hospital Center,Washington,DC
Adam E.Saltman,MD,PhD Hypertension in Pregnancy
Associate Physician,Cardiothoracic Surgery,Maimonides
Medical Center,Brooklyn,New York Eric J.Velazquez,MD
Surgical Options for the Treatment ofArrhythmias Assistant Professor ofMedicine,Division ofCardiovascular
Medicine,Department ofMedicine,Duke University School
John Schroeder,MD ofMedicine/Duke Clinical Research Institute,Durham,
Professor ofMedicine,Cardiovascular Division,Stanford North Carolina
University School ofMedicine,Stanford,California Surgical Treatment ofHeart Failure
Pharmacologic Options for Treatment ofIschemic Disease
Christopher A.Ward,PhD
Gary L.Schwartz,MD Associate Professor,Department ofPhysiology,Queen’s
Associate Professor ofMedicine,Mayo Clinic College of University Faculty ofMedicine,Kingston,Ontario,
Medicine,Rochester,Minnesota Canada
Secondary Hypertension: Renal Vascular Causes Gene Therapies and Stem Cell Therapies (Gene Therapies for
Cardiovascular Diseases: Where We Are and Where We Are
Farshad Shirazi,MSE,PhD,MD Going)
Assistant Professor ofClinical Emergency Medicine and
Pharmacology and Toxicology,University ofArizona College Jeffrey B.Washam,PharmD
ofMedicine;StaffPhysician,Department ofEmergency Clinical Pharmacist,Duke Heart Center,Duke University
Medicine,University Medical Center,Tucson,Arizona Medical Center,Durham,North Carolina
Clinical Pharmacology ofAntiarrhythmic Drugs Cardiovascular Drugs: Comprehensive Drug Tables
xii Contributors
David D.Waters,MD Raymond L.Woosley,MD,PhD
Professor ofMedicine in Residence,University ofCalifornia, Professor ofMedicine and Pharmacology,University of
San Francisco,School ofMedicine;Chief,Division of Arizona School ofMedicine,Tucson,and University of
Cardiology,San Francisco General Hospital,San Francisco, Arizona College ofMedicine–Phoenix,Phoenix;President
California and CEO,The Critical Path Institute,Tucson,Arizona
Treatment ofCardiovascular Manifestations ofHIV Clinical Pharmacology ofAntiarrhythmic Drugs
Michael A.Weber,MD William F.Young,Jr.,MD,MSc
Professor ofMedicine,State University ofNew York Professor ofMedicine,Mayo Clinic College ofMedicine;
Downstate University College ofMedicine,Brooklyn,New Consultant,Division ofEndocrinology,Diabetes,
York Metabolism,and Nutrition,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,
The Metabolic Syndrome Minnesota
Secondary Hypertension: Endocrine Causes
Paul K.Whelton,MD,MSc
Professor ofEpidemiology and Medicine,Senior Vice Peter Zimetbaum,MD,FACC
President for Health Sciences,Dean,Tulane University Associate Professor ofMedicine,Harvard Medical School;
School ofMedicine,Tulane University Health Sciences Clinical Director ofCardiology,Beth Israel Deaconess
Center,New Orleans,Louisiana Medical Center,Boston,Massachusetts
Initial Evaluation and Approach to the Patient with Atrial Fibrillation
Hypertension
Bram D.Zuckerman,MD
Stephen D.Wiviott,MD Director,Division ofCardiovascular Devices,Center for
Instructor in Medicine,Harvard Medical School;Associate Devices and Radiological Health,Food and Drug
Physician,Cardiovascular Medicine,Brigham and Women’s Administration,Rockville,Maryland
Hospital,Boston Massachusetts The Process ofRegulatory Review for New Cardiovascular
Non ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Devices
Kai C.Wollert,MD
Professor ofMedicine,Department ofCardiology and
Angiology,Hannover Medical School,Hannover,Germany
Gene Therapies and Stem Cell Therapies (Stem Cell Therapy
for Cardiovascular Disorders)
xiii
Foreword
As recently as four decades ago,the treatment options avail- viding the most comprehensive modern text in cardiovascular
able for patients with cardiovascular disease were quite lim- therapeutics.Instead of focusing narrowly on a single thera-
ited. The major therapeutic measures included bed rest and peutic modality—drugs,interventional cardiology,devices,or
warfarin for acute myocardial infarction; nitroglycerin for surgery—this contemporary, authoritative, and eminently
angina pectoris;dietary sodium restriction,bed rest,digitalis, readable book deals with total patient management. The
and mercurial or thiazide diuretics for heart failure;quinidine several types oftherapy that can be offered for specific cardio-
or procainamide for tachyarrhythmia; large, clumsy pace- vascular disorders are presented lucidly and in sufficient detail
makers for complete heart block; sodium restriction and to serve as the basis for managing the vast majority ofpatients
sympathetic blocking agents for severe hypertension;and pal- with cardiovascular disease. This excellent text will be of
liative surgery for a limited number of complex congenital immense value not only to cardiologists but also to internists
cardiac malformations.Mild or even moderate hypertension and primary care physicians,who are shouldering increasing
was not treated, nor were effective agents available to lower responsibilities for the management of patients with cardio-
serum cholesterol in patients with coronary artery disease and vascular disease.
hypercholesterolemia. Percutaneous coronary revasculariza- This third edition of Cardiovascular Therapeuticsis essen-
tion, internal cardioverter-defibrillators, and modern phar- tially a new book when compared with its predecessor.There
macotherapy ofmyocardial ischemia and fibrinolysis had not are three new Section Editors (Drs.James de Lemos,Michael
yet been developed. β-Adrenergic antagonists, angiotensin- Givertz,and Frank Sacks) and many new contributors.Forty-
converting enzyme inhibitors,and statins also were offin the two ofthe 55 chapters are new or radically revised.The three
future. appendices, on cardiovascular drugs, pacemakers and
No aspect ofmedicine has undergone a more radical trans- implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and circulatory sup-
formation in the past 40 years than has cardiovascular thera- port devices,will be extremely useful.
peutics, and the results have been truly spectacular. Overall We are very proud that Cardiovascular Therapeutics is a
mortality rates from heart disease have been declining steadily, companion to Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular
and the age-adjusted mortality secondary to coronary artery Medicine.We hope that the new edition,along with the other
disease,the most common cause ofcardiovascular deaths,has books now available as companion volumes to Heart Disease,
been falling at almost 1% per year.Effective treatment—albeit will serve as an extensive cardiovascular information system.
not cure—ofalmost all forms ofheart disease is now possible,
allowing a majority ofpatients with cardiovascular disease to Eugene Braunwald,MD
live longer lives ofhigh quality. Peter Libby,MD
Dr. Antman and his associate editors—Drs. de Lemos, Robert O.Bonow,MD
Givertz,Josephson,Oparil,and Sacks—and a constellation of Douglas P.Zipes,MD
superb contributing authors should be congratulated on pro-