Cardiovascular Disorders Sourcebook PDF
Preview Cardiovascular Disorders Sourcebook
Health Reference Series ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ Omnigraphics’ Health Reference Series ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________J___u___d___d____________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Helping the Layperson Understand, Manage, _______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________F______i____f____t____h______ __E______d________i____t__i____o______n__________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ and Avoid Serious Illness ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ Omnigraphics’ Health Reference Series is designed for the general reader ____________________________C________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ seeking guidance on how to avoid serious illness by following preventive __S____________________ ___________C_________a________r______d________i____o________v_______a________s______c_______u________l_____a_______r_______ ________ ___________ lifestyles and recognizing early warning signs. It also supports the layperson ____O________________________a________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ who has received a diagnosis of a serious disease or disorder as well as the ____________D_________r____________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ family member or nonprofessional caregiver who must learn to care and ___U__________________d____________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ twpoui tbchol ipac aept iwaornittishc uitslhsauer eiadlrl nebeay s osth.f eEm aNecahdt iicvoaonll auclmo Innecs ietnirt nuth taeens sdoe frc iHoense atdalteinha slas nm cdoa tmoetrphiareelr h faoegunensnidvce ieilnys _________RC___________________________iso___________________________io____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________D________________________________________i____________________s________________________o____________________________r____________________________d____________________________e____________________________r________________________s____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ and associations. Nowhere else can general readers find this information _____________________v____________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ conveniently collected, coordinated, and indexed in book form. __E______r______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________d____________a________________ ________________________________________S______________O__________________U______________R________________C________________E________________B________________O________________O________________K____________________________________________________ CCaardriodviaoscvualasr cduiselaasre iDs tihseo leraddeinrgs c aSuoseu orf cdeeabtho oink th, eF Uifntihted E Sdtaitteiso. Anc- ________BO________________________er________________________sc________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ csuofrfdeirn ag h teoa trht ea tCtaecnkt earnsd f o6r0 0D,i0s0e0as pee Coopnlet rdoile a onfd h eParertv denisteioasne, i7n1 t5h,0e 0U0n Aitmede rSitcaatness _______O_____________________s_____________________ul____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________■_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ every year. Additionally, stroke kills almost 130,000 Americans annually and is a ___K__________________a____________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ leading cause of long-term disability. Yet cardiovascular disease is often prevent- ______________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ ______________r________ ________________B__a___s_i__c_ _C___o__n__s__u__m____e__r_ _H___e__a___l_t_h__ _I__n__f_o__r__m___a___t_i_o___n__ _a__b___o__u__t_ _H___e__a___r_t__ _ _ _ _ _ _________ able. With careful attention to diet, an active lifestyle, and control of contributing ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ factors such as diabetes, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, tobacco use, and _____________________ ____________ ____________a__n___d__ _B__l__o__o__d__ _V__e__s__s_e__l_ _D___i_s__o__r__d__e__r__s__,_ _S__u__c__h__ _a___s_ _C___a__r__d__i__o__m___y__o__p__a___t_h__y__,_ __________ weight, Americans can reduce their chances of facing heart disease, stroke, or _________________________________ ____________H___e__a__r__t_ _A__t__t_a__c__k__,_ _H___e__a___r__t_ _F__a__i_l_u___r__e__,_ _H__e__a___r__t_ _R___h__y__t_h__m___ _D___i_s__o__r__d__e__r__s__,_ __________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ other blood vessel disorders. Furthermore, advances in our understanding of _________________________________ __________H__e__a___r__t_ _V__a__l_v__e__ _D___i_s__e__a__s__e__,_ _A__n__e__u___r__y__s_m___s__,_ _A__t__h__e__r__o__s_c__l_e__r__o__s__i_s__,_ _S__t_r__o__k__e__,_ ________ how to treat cardiovascular conditions make it possible to reduce the disabling ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ health consequences frequently associated with these disorders. _________________________________ ____________P__e__r__i_p__h___e_r__a___l_ _A__r__t_e__r__i_a___l_ _D___i_s_e__a___s_e__,_ _V__a___r_i__c__o__s_e__ _V__e__i_n___s_,_ _a___n__d___ _D__e__e__p___ __________ _________H______ea___l___th____________ ________________V__e__i_n__ _T__h___r_o___m___b__o__s__i_s__,_ _w___i_t_h__ _D___e__t_a___i_l_s__ _a__b__o___u__t_ _R___i_s__k__ _F__a__c__t_o__r__s__,_ ______________ Ctvheaesrs dseyilosm,v piantscoclumuldas,ir n dDgi iacsgoanrrdodiseoirsms, Syaoonupdra ctterhbeyoa, tohmke,ea Fnrittf taohttf E addcikist,oi ohrndea eprrrtso rovhifdy ttehhsme i nh fdoeiarsmortr adatneiordns , b ahbloeoaourdtt __________________R_________eS_________fee_________rr_________ie_________ens_________c_________e__________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________P________r________e________v________e________n________t____i____o____________n________,____ ____D____________i____a________g____________n________o________s________i____s____,________ ____a________n________d____________ ____T________r____e________a____________t____m____________e________n____________t____________________________________________________________________________________________________ valve disease, atherosclerosis, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and deep vein ______________________ _________________A__l_o__n___g__ _w___i_t__h__ _I__n__f_o___r_m____a__t__i_o__n___ _a__b___o__u__t__ _C__a___r__d__i__o__v__a__s__c__u__l__a__r__ _ ______________ ____5__th__ __Ed__i__ti__o__n____ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ thrombosis. It offers details about the conditions associated with increased risks, _________________________________ _____________C___o__n___c_e__r__n___s_ _o___f_ _S__p__e__c__i_a___l_ _S__i__g__n__i_fi___c__a__n___c__e__ _t_o__ _C___h__i_l_d___r__e__n__,_ _M____e__n__,_ ____________ explains the methods used to diagnose and treat them, and offers suggestions _________________________________ ________________W___o__m____e__n__,__ _a__n___d__ __M___i_n___o__r__i_t__y__ _P__o__p___u__l_a___t_i__o__n___s_,_ __a__ _G___l_o___s_s__a___r__y__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for steps men and women can take to decrease their likelihood of developing ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ these disorders. The book also includes a discussion of cardiovascular concerns _________________________________ __________________o__f_ _R___e__l_a___t_e__d__ __M___e__d__i__c__a__l_ __T_e__r__m____s_,__ _a__n___d__ _a___ _D___i_r__e__c__t_o___r__y__ _o__f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ specific to men, women, children, and minority populations, and it concludes _________________________________ ___________________R___e__s_o__u___r__c__e__s_ _f__o__r__ _F__u__r__t_h___e__r_ __H__e___l_p__ _a__n___d__ _I__n__f__o__r__m___a__t__i_o__n____________________ with a glossary and a directory of resources for further help and information ___O___m______n___ig___ra___p___h___ic___s___ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ ________________________________________________________■_____________________________________________________________ ISBN 978-0-7808-1309-0 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Edited by _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 155 W. Congress, Suite 200 Sandra J. Judd Detroit, MI 48226 Phone: 800-234-1340 Fax: 800-875-1340 www.omnigraphics.com ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 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_E__d___i_t__i_o__n____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cardiovascular ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 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H___e_a__r__t_ a__n__d__ _ _____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Blood Vessel Disorders, Such as Cardiomyopathy, Heart ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ A__t_t_a__c_k__,_ H___e_a__r_t_ _F__a__i_l_u_r__e_,_ _H__e__a__r_t_ _R__h_y__t_h__m___ D___i_s_o__r_d__e_r_s__,_ H___e_a__r_t_ _V__a__lv__e__ __________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________D___is__e_a__s_e_,_ _A__n_e__u__r_y__s_m__s__, _A__t_h__e_r_o__s_c_l_e__r_o__s_i_s_,_ S__t_r_o__k_e__, _P__e_r_i_p__h__e_r_a__l_ _A_r__t_e_r_i_a__l_ __________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________D__i_s_e__a__s_e_,_ _V_a__r__i_c_o__s_e__ V__e_i_n__s__, _a__n__d__ _D__e__e_p__ _V_e_i__n_ _T__h__r_o__m___b_o__s_i_s__, _w___i_t_h__ ____________________________ _______________________________________ D__e__t_a__i_l_s_ _a__b_o__u__t_ _R__i_s_k__ _F_a__c__t_o_r__s_,_ _P_r__e_v__e_n__t_i_o__n__,_ _D__i_a__g_n__o__s_i_s_,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________a__n__d_ _T__r_e_a__t_m___e__n_t___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________A__l_o__n__g_ _w__i_t__h_ _I_n__f_o__r_m___a__t_i_o_n__ _a__b__o_u__t_ _C__a__r_d__i_o__v_a__s_c__u__l_a__r_ _C__o_n__c__e_r_n__s__ o__f_ ___________________________ ________________________________S__p__e_c_i_a__l_ _S__i_g_n__i_fi__c_a__n__c_e__ _t_o_ _C__h__i_l_d__r_e_n__,_ _M__e__n__,_ W___o__m__e__n__,_ a__n__d__ _M__i_n__o__r_i_t_y__ __________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________P__o__p_u__l_a__t_i_o__n__s_,_ _a__ _G__l_o__s_s_a__r_y__ _o__f _R__e__l_a_t_e__d__ _M__e__d__i_c_a__l_ _T_e__r_m___s_,_ _a__n_d__ _a__ ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________D__i_r_e__c_t_o__r_y__ o__f_ _R__e_s_o__u__r_c_e__s_ _f_o_r__ F__u__r_t_h__e_r__ H___e_l_p__ a__n__d__ _I_n__f_o_r__m__a__t_i_o__n_______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________E_d__i_t_e__d__ _b_y___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________S_a__n___d__r_a__ _J_._ _J_u___d__d______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________15_5_ _W__. C__o_n_g_r_e_s_s_, S_u__it_e_ 2__0_0_, _D__et_r_o_i_t,_ M___I_ 4_8__2_2_6____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bibliographic Note Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice. Edited by Sandra J. Judd Health Reference Series Karen Bellenir, Managing Editor David A. Cooke, MD, FACP, Medical Consultant Elizabeth Collins, Research and Permissions Coordinator EdIndex, Services for Publishers, Indexers * * * Omnigraphics, Inc. Matthew P. Barbour, Senior Vice President Kevin M. Hayes, Operations Manager * * * Peter E. Ruffner, Publisher Copyright © 2014 Omnigraphics, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7808-1309-0 E-ISBN 978-0-7808-1310-6 Lbrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cardiovascular disorders sourcebook : basic consumer health information about heart and blood vessel disorders, such as cardiomyopathy, heart attack, heart failure, heart rhythm disorders, heart valve disease, aneurysms, atherosclerosis, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, varicose veins, and deep vein thrombosis, with details about risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment : along with information about cardiovascular concerns of special significance ... -- Fifth edition / edited by Sandra J. Judd. pages cm. -- (Health reference series) Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: "Provides basic consumer health information about risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, along with prevention strategies and concerns specific to men, women, children, and minority populations. Includes index, glossary of related terms, and directory of resources"-- Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-0-7808-1309-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Cardiovascular system-- Diseases--Popular works. I. Judd, Sandra J., editor of compilation. RC672.C35 2014 616.1--dc23 2013044021 Electronic or mechanical reproduction, including photography, recording, or any other infor- mation storage and retrieval system for the purpose of resale is strictly prohibited without permission in writing from the publisher. The information in this publication was compiled from the sources cited and from other sources considered reliable. While every possible effort has been made to ensure reliability, the publisher will not assume liability for damages caused by inaccuracies in the data, and makes no warranty, express or implied, on the accuracy of the information contained herein. This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity symbol that appears above indicates that the paper in this book meets that standard. Printed in the United States Table of Contents Visit www.healthreferenceseries.com to view A Contents Guide to the Health Reference Series, a listing of more than 16,000 topics and the volumes in which they are covered. Preface ............................................................................................xv Part I: Understanding Cardiovascular Risks and Emergencies Chapter 1—How the Heart Works ...............................................3 Chapter 2—Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disorders ...........11 Section 2.1—Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors ................................12 Section 2.2—Risk Factors for Stroke ..............19 Chapter 3—Conditions that Increase the Risk of Cardiovascular Disorders ...................................21 Section 3.1—Depression and Heart Disease ........................................22 Section 3.2—Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease ........................................23 Section 3.3—High Blood Pressure and Heart Disease .............................25 Section 3.4—High Cholesterol and Heart Disease ........................................28 Section 3.5—Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease ..............29 v Section 3.6—Sleep Apnea and Cardio- vascular Disease .........................32 Section 3.7—Stress and Cardiovascular Disease ........................................34 Section 3.8—Thyroid Disease and Heart Disease .............................35 Chapter 4—Aging and Cardiovascular Risk Factors ................39 Section 4.1—Changes in the Heart and Blood Vessels during Aging ...............................40 Section 4.2—Visible Signs of Aging May Predict Heart Disease ................45 Chapter 5—Recent Research Regarding Cardiovascular Disease Risks ..........................................................47 Section 5.1—Berries May Cut Heart Attack Risk ......................48 Section 5.2—Calcium Supplements May Increase Cardiovascular Risk .............................................49 Section 5.3—Migraine with Aura May Raise Risk of Heart Trouble ........................................52 Section 5.4—Even Moderate Smoking Is Associated with Sudden Cardiac Death .............................55 Section 5.5—Sugar-Sweetened Drinks Linked to Increased Risk of Heart Disease .........................57 Section 5.6—Yo-Yo Dieting Can Hurt the Heart ...........................58 Chapter 6—Research Regarding Genetics and Heart Disease ..................................................61 Section 6.1—Scientists Identify Mechanism Behind Genetic Link to Heart Disease .............................62 Section 6.2—Studies Double the Known Genetic Links to Coronary Heart Disease .............................64 vi Section 6.3—Researchers Find New Genetic Variants Associated with Lipid Levels and Risk for Coronary Artery Disease ......65 Chapter 7—Warning Signs of Cardiovascular Emergencies ....69 Section 7.1—Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack ........................70 Section 7.2—Heart Attack or Sudden Cardiac Arrest: How Are They Different? ...........................72 Section 7.3—Warning Signs of a Stroke .........74 Chapter 8—What to Do in a Cardiac Emergency .....................75 Section 8.1—What to Do During a Heart Attack ............................76 Section 8.2—Symptoms and Emergency Treatment of Cardiac Arrest .....77 Section 8.3—What to Do During a Stroke ......79 Chapter 9—Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) .................83 Section 9.1—How to Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ..............................84 Section 9.2—Hands-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ..............................85 Chapter 10—Automated External Defibrillators ........................87 Part II: Heart Disorders Chapter 11—Problems with the Heart’s Blood Supply ...............93 Section 11.1—Coronary Artery Disease ............94 Section 11.2—Coronary Microvascular Disease ........................................97 Chapter 12—Angina ...................................................................103 Chapter 13—Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) ..................113 Chapter 14—Sudden Cardiac Arrest .........................................123 Chapter 15—Cardiogenic Shock ................................................129 vii Chapter 16—Cardiomyopathy ....................................................137 Chapter 17—Heart Failure ........................................................149 Chapter 18—Arrhythmias ..........................................................159 Section 18.1—Atrial Fibrillation .....................160 Section 18.2—Atrial Flutter ............................167 Section 18.3—Brugada Syndrome...................169 Section 18.4—Heart Block ...............................171 Section 18.5—Long QT Syndrome ..................173 Section 18.6—Premature Ventricular Contractions .............................177 Section 18.7—Sick Sinus Syndrome ...............179 Section 18.8—Ventricular Fibrillation ............181 Section 18.9—Ventricular Tachycardia ...........184 Chapter 19—Heart Valve Disease ..............................................187 Section 19.1—Aortic Regurgitation.................188 Section 19.2—Mitral Regurgitation ................190 Section 19.3—Mitral Valve Prolapse ...............195 Chapter 20—Heart Murmurs .....................................................199 Chapter 21—Infectious Diseases of the Heart ..........................205 Section 21.1—Endocarditis..............................206 Section 21.2—Myocarditis ...............................210 Section 21.3—Pericarditis ...............................214 Chapter 22—Cardiac Tumors .....................................................219 Part III: Blood Vessel Disorders Chapter 23—Atherosclerosis ......................................................225 Chapter 24—Carotid Artery Disease .........................................233 Chapter 25—Stroke ....................................................................239 Chapter 26—Aortic Disorders ....................................................251 Section 26.1—Aortic Aneurysm .......................252 Section 26.2—Aortic Dissection ......................258 viii
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