Cardiovascular Critical Care

501 Pages·2011·16.31 MB·English

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Cardiovascular Critical Care
Cardiovascular Critical Care Edited by Mark J.D. Griffiths, Jeremy J. Cordingley and Susanna Price
© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-405-14857-3
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To our teachers and colleagues, many of whom are
contributors to this book.
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Cardiovascular
Critical Care
EDITED BY
Mark J.D. Griffiths
MRCP PhD EDICM BDICM
Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine
Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust
London, UK
Jeremy J. Cordingley
MRCP FRCA EDICM
Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesia
Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust
London, UK
Susanna Price
MRCP PhD EDICM FESC
Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine and Cardiology
Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust
London, UK
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
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This edition first published 2010, © 2010 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cardiovascular critical care / edited by Mark J.D. Griffiths...[et al.].
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-4051-4857-3
1. Cardiac intensive care. I. Griffiths, M. J. D.
[DNLM: 1. Cardiovascular Diseases. 2. Critical Care. WG 120 C26716 2010]
RC684.C36C377 2010
616.1′2028–dc22
2009029876
ISBN: 978-1-4051-4857-3
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Set in 9.25/11.5pt Minion by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong
Printed in Singapore
1 2010
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Contents
Contributors, ix
Introduction, xiii
Chapter 1 Shock, 1
Marius Terblanche and Nicole Assmann
Chapter 2 Resuscitation in Intensive Care, 22
David A. Zideman
Chapter 3 Cardiovascular Monitoring in Critical Care, 42
Michael R. Pinsky
Chapter 4 Cardiovascular Investigation of the Critically Ill, 62
Susanna Price and Jeremy J. Cordingley
Chapter 5 Haematological Aspects of Cardiovascular
Critical Care, 83
Kanchan Rege and Mark J.D. Griffiths
Chapter 6 Cardiovascular Support: Pharmacological, 100
Joseph E. Arrowsmith and Florian Falter
Chapter 7 Arrhythmias, 120
Hugh Montgomery and Vivek Sivaraman
Chapter 8 Mechanical Heart Failure Therapy, 139
Richard Trimlett
Chapter 9 Care of the High Risk Patient Undergoing Surgery, 154
Justin Woods and Andrew Rhodes
Chapter 10 Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Principles of
Management in Critical Care, 167
Susanna Price and Brian Keogh
Chapter 11 Common Complications of Cardiovascular
Critical Illness, 193
Simon J. Finney and Mark J.D. Griffiths
Chapter 12 Haemodynamic Management of Severe Sepsis, 218
Jean-Louis Vincent
Chapter 13 Acute Coronary Syndromes and Myocardial Infarction, 234
Alex Hobson and Nick Curzen
vii
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viii Contents
Chapter 14 Cardiogenic Shock, 256
Divaka Perera and Gerald S. Carr-White
Chapter 15 Peri-operative Care of the Heart Transplant Recipient, 279
Keith McNeil and John Dunning
Chapter 16 Adult Congenital Heart Disease Syndromes, 290
Antonia Pijuan Domènech, Katerina Chamaidi and Michael A. Gatzoulis
Chapter 17 Management of Arrhythmias in Adults with Congenital
Heart Disease, 303
Barbara J. Deal
Chapter 18 Mitral Valve Disease, 315
Susanna Price and Derek Gibson
Chapter 19 Aortic Valve Disease, 329
Susanna Price and Derek Gibson
Chapter 20 Infective Endocarditis, 347
David Hunter and John Pepper
Chapter 21 Pulmonary Hypertension and Right
Ventricular Failure, 367
Alain Vuylsteke
Chapter 22 Aortic Dissection, 383
Maninder S. Kalkat, Vamsidhar B. Dronavalli, David Alexander
and Robert S. Bonser
Chapter 23 Emergency Management of Cardiac Trauma, 401
James Napier and Mark Messent
Chapter 24 Hypertensive Crises, 413
Liao Pinhu and Mark J.D. Griffiths
Chapter 25 Pregnancy, 424
Lorna Swan
Chapter 26 Vasculitis, 434
Lorna Swan
Chapter 27 Endocrine Problems and Cardiovascular Critical Care, 442
Phil Marino and Susanna Price
Chapter 28 Haemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy: A Personal
History 1961–1994, 454
Ronald Bradley
Index, 465
The colour plate section can be found facing p. 82
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Contributors
David Alexander MBChB, FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care,
Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Joseph E. Arrowsmith MB BS, MD, FRCP, FRCA, FHEA
Consultant in Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Papworth
Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Nicole Assmann MD, FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
Robert S. Bonser MD, FRCP (Lon), FRCS (Eng), FRCS (C/Th), FESC
Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon, University Hospital Birmingham
NHS Trust, Birmigham, UK
Ronald Bradley FRCP
Emeritus Professor, Intensive Care Medicine, St Thomas’ Hospital,
London, UK
Gerald S. Carr-White MD
Department of Cardiology, Guys’ and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK
Katerina Chamaidi MD
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension,
Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and
General Hospital of Trikala, Greece
Nick Curzen PhD, FRCP, FESC
Wessex Cardiac Unit, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Southampton, UK and Southampton University Medical School,
Southampton, UK
Barbara J. Deal MD
M.E. Wodika Professor of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine,
Northwestern University, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago,
IL, USA
Antonia Pijuan Domènech MD
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension,
Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and
Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona,
Spain, UK
ix
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x Contributors
Vamsidhar B. Dronavalli MRCS (Edin)
Research Fellow Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic
Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
John Dunning MD
Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Florian Falter MD, FRCA, PhD
Consultant in Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Department
of Anaesthesia, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Simon J. Finney PhD, MSc, MRCP, FRCA
Consultant in Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Adult Intensive Care Unit,
Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Michael Gatzoulis MD
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension,
Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and
National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
Derek Gibson MD
Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK
Alex Hobson PhD, FRCP, FESC
Wessex Cardiac Unit, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Southampton, UK and Southampton University Medical School,
Southampton, UK
David Hunter MD, MBBS, FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist & Intensivist, Anaesthetic Department, Royal
Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Maninder S. Kalkat FRCS (Cardiothoracic)
Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Department of Cardiothoracic
Surgery, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Brian Keogh MD
Consultant Anaesthetist and Intensivist, Department of Intensive Care and
Anaesthesia, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
Philip Marino BSc (Hons), MRCP (UK)
Specialist Registrar in Respiratory & Intensive Care Medicine, Kingston
Hospital, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK
Keith McNeil MB, BS, FRACP
Head of Transplant Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane,
Australia
Mark Messent MD
Consultant Anaesthetist & Intensivist, Intensive Care Unit, St
Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
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Contributors xi
Hugh Montgomery MB BS, BSc, FRCP, MD
Director, Institute for Human Health and Performance, University
College London, London, UK
James Napier MBChB, FRCS, FCEM, EDICM
Intensive Care Unit, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
John Pepper M.Chir, FRCS
Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Royal
Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Divaka Perera MD
Department of Cardiology, Guys’ and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
Liao Pinhu MD, PhD
Unit of Critical Care, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial
College London, London, UK and Youjiang Medical University for
Nationalities, Baise, PR, China
Michael R. Pinksy MD, CM, DM, MC
Professor of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care
Medicine, Bioengineering and Anesthesiology, Univerity of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Kanchan Rege MA, MRCP, FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Andrew Rhodes MD
Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia and
Intensive Care Medicine, St George’s Hospital, London, UK
Vivek Sivaraman MBBS, MRCP, MD
Specialty Trainee, Anaesthetics and Critical Care, Central London School
of Anaesthesia, London, UK
Lorna Swan MB ChB, MRCP, MD
Consultant Cardiologist, Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Royal
Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Marius Terblanche MBChB, FRCA, EDIC, Dip(Epid)
Consultant in Critical Care Medicine, Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospital,
London, UK
Richard Trimlett MD
Consultant Cardiac Surgeon, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK
Jean-Louis Vincent MD, PhD
Professor of Intensive Care Medicine;
Head, Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital,
University of Brussels, Belgium
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xii Contributors
Alain Vuylsteke MD, FRCA
Consultant Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Royal Brompton
& Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London and Cardiothoracic
Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Justin Woods FRCA
Clinical Research Fellow in Intensive Care Medicine, Department of
Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St George’s Hospital,
London, UK
David A. Zideman MD
Chief of Service, Department of Anaesthetics, Imperial College Healthcare
NHS Trust and Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK