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Evolve Student Resources for Main: Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy: Adults and Paediatrics, 5th Edition, include the following: • Bank of 350 images Scan the QR code to access your free mobile content.* Activate the complete learning experience that comes with each textbook purchase by registering at evolve.elsevier.com/Main/cardiorespiratory REGISTER TODAY! 2015v1.0 Cardio respirato ry Physio therapy To Barbara, Jennifer and Ammani Cardio respirato ry Physio therapy ADULTS AND PAEDIATRICS Fifth Edition EDITED BY ELEANOR MAIN BSc BA MSc PhD FCSP Professor of Physiotherapy and Director of UCL Postgraduate Physiotherapy Programme, UCL School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK LINDA DENEHY BAppSc(Phty) GradDipPhysio(Cardiothoracic Phty) PhD Professor and Head, Department of Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia FOREWORD BY BARBARA A WEBBER FCSP DSc(Hons) Formerly Head of Physiotherapy, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK JENNIFER A PRYOR PhD MBA MSc FNZSP MCSP Formerly Senior Research Fellow in Physiotherapy, Royal Brompton & Hare eld NHS Trust; Honorary Lecturer, University College London and Imperial College London, London, UK S AMMANI PRASAD GradDipPhys FCSP Cystic Fibrosis Manager, Respiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2016 © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Previous editions: © 1993 Longman Group (UK) Limited. © 1998, 2002, 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. No part o this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any orm or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any in ormation storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing rom the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, urther in ormation about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be ound at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). ISBN 978-0-7020-4731-2 Notices Knowledge and best practice in this f eld are constantly changing. 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Heim The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests Printed in Italy Register today To access your Evolve Resources visit: evolve.elsevier.com/Main/cardiorespiratory Register today and gain access to: • Bank of 350 images AU_form_BS AU_form_BS CONTENTS Foreword ............................................................. ix 6 OUTCOMME EASUREMENT IN CARDIORESPIRATORY About the Editors................................................ xi PHYSIOTHERAPY PRACTICE .................195 Preface ................................................................xiii SELINA M PARRY LINDA DENEHY ■ WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM CLAIRE E BALDWIN, Acknowledgements .............................................xv BRONWEN CONNOLLY, ELIZABETH H SKINNER, SALLY J SINGH, SARAH RAND, CRAIG A WILLIAMS Contributors ..................................................... xvii 7 PHYSIOTHERAPIY NTERVENTION.S .....248 ELEANOR MAIN 1 ANATOMAY NDP HYSIOLOGOY F WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM SUE BERNEY, LINDA DENEHY, THE RESPIRATORY AND CARDIAC MICHELLE CHATWIN, MARK R ELKINS, DANIEL FLUNT, AMANDA J PIPER, ANNEMARIE L LEE, BREDGE MCCARREN, SYSTEMS ..................................................1 HARRIET SHANNON, SARAH RAND, ROSEMARY MOORE, MANDY JONES ■ ALEX HARVEY ■ ELEANOR MAIN BARBARA A WEBBER, MARIE T WILLIAMS 2 CLINICAAL SSESSMEN.T ........................47 8 OPTIMIZINGE NGAGEMENAT ND Adults ................................................................48 ADHERENCE WITH THERAPEUTIC AMANDA THOMAS LYNDAL J MAXWELL INTERVENTIONS ..................................402 ■ Infant and Child ................................................74 MANDY BRYON ELEANOR MAIN 9 ADULIT NTENSIVCE AR..E ....................415 The Acutely Ill or Deteriorating Patient ...............77 JENNIFER PARATZ GEORGE NTOUMENOPOULOS ■ ■ SARAH KEILTY ALICE Y M JONES CLAIRE FITZGERALD ■ 3 THORACICI MAGIN.G. ...........................83 10 PAEDIATRICI NTENSIVEC AR.E ............455 Adults ................................................................84 Paediatric Mechanical Support ......................... 456 CONOR D COLLINS SUSAN J COPLEY ■ STEWART REID MARK J PETERS ■ Paediatrics ....................................................... 108 Physiotherapy Management of Ventilated JOY L BARBER CHRISTOPHER D GEORGE ■ Infants and Children ........................................ 473 4 CARDIACA NDC ARDIOVASCULAR ELEANOR MAIN ■ ALICIA J SPITTLE DISEASES .............................................125 11 UPPERA BDOMINALA ND ANDREW D HIRSCHHORN SEAN F MUNGOVAN ■ ■ CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY DAVID A B RICHARDS FOR ADULTS ........................................513 5 RESPIRATORDY ISEASE.S .....................163 DOA EL-ANSARY JULIE C REEVE LINDA DENEHY ■ ■ ANNE E HOLLAND JENNIFER A ALISON ■ WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM SULAKSHANA BALACHANDRAN, WITH A CONTRIBUTION FROM ALEX HARVEY AND MANDY JONES MICHELLE MULLIGAN vii viii CONTENTS 12 PHYSICALA CTIVITYA ND APPENDIX – NORMAL VALUES, CONVERSION REHABILITATION .................................579 TABLE AND ABBREVIATIONS ................757 Index ................................................................. 767 Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Health and Disease ...................................... 580 CHRIS BURTIN VASILEIOS ANDRIANOPOULOS ■ ■ EVOLVE RESOURCES MARTIJN A SPRUIT (evolve.elsevier.com/Main/cardiorespiratory): Pulmonary Rehabilitation ................................. 586 bank of 350 images ■ KATY MITCHELL FABIO PITTA ANNE E ■ ■ HOLLAND ANNEMARIE L LEE LINDA DENEHY ■ ■ Cardiac Rehabilitation ..................................... 597 JULIE REDFERN JENNIFER JONES ■ 13 CARDIORESPIRATORYM ANAGEMENT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS .................639 LINDA DENEHY ELEANOR MAIN ■ WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM SARAH SMAILES, ANITA PLAZA, JENNIFER PARATZ, LEANNE WILLIAMS, CLAIRE BRADLEY, JACQUELINE L LUKE, JACQUELINE ROSS, BROOKE WADSWORTH, KATE J HAYES, PRUE E MUNRO, PAUL AURORA, HELENA VAN ASWEGEN, CRAIG A WILLIAMS, SARAH RAND, CATHERINE L GRANGER, SUE BERNEY, AMY NORDON-CRAFT, LINDA DENEHY