Cardiac Imaging

546 Pages·41.99 MB·english

by  White Ch.

Cardiac Imaging
Rotations in Radiology
Published and Forthcoming Books in the R otations in Radiology  Series
Pediatric Radiology
Janet Reid, Edward Lee, Angelisa Paladin, Caroline Carrico, and William Davros
Cardiac Imaging
Charles White, Linda B. Haramati, Joseph J.S. Chen, and Jeffrey M. Levsky
Chest Imaging
Melissa Rosado de Christensen, Sanjeev Bhalla, Gerald Abbott, and Santiago Martinez-Jiminez
Gastrointestinal Imaging
Angela Levy, Koenraad Mortele, and Benjamin Yeh
Rotations in Radiology
Cardiac
Imaging
Edited by
Charles S. White
Professor of Radiology and Medicine
Chief of Th oracic Radiology
Department of Diagnostic Radiology
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Linda B. Haramati
Professor of Clinical Radiology and Medicine
Division Head, Cardiothoracic Imaging
Department of Radiology
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Montefi ore Medical Center
Bronx, New York
Joseph Jen-Sho Chen
Clinical Assistant Professor of Radiology
Department of Diagnostic Radiology
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Jeffrey M. Levsky
Research Assistant Professor of Radiology
Associate Director of Research
Department of Radiology
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Montefi ore Medical Center
Bronx, New York
1
3
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cardiac imaging / edited by Charles S. White, Linda B. Haramati, Joseph Jen-Sho Chen,
Jeff rey M. Levsky.
p. ; cm.—(Rotations in radiology)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–0–19–982947–7 (alk. paper)
I. White, Charles S., editor of compilation. II. Haramati, Linda B., editor of
compilation. III. Chen, Joseph Jen-Sho, editor of compilation. IV. Levsky, Jeff rey M.,
editor of compilation. V. Series: Rotations in radiology.
[DNLM: 1. Heart Diseases—diagnosis. 2. Cardiac Imaging Techniques—methods.
WG 141]
RC683.5.E5
616.1′20754—dc23
2013007376

Th is material is not intended to be, and should not be considered, a substitute for medical or
other professional advice. Treatment for the conditions described in this material is highly
dependent on the individual circumstances. And, while this material is designed to off er
accurate information with respect to the subject matter covered and to be current as of the
time it was written, research and knowledge about medical and health issues is constantly
evolving and dose schedules for medications are being revised continually, with new side
eff ects recognized and accounted for regularly. Readers must therefore always check the
product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product
information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of
conduct and safety regulation. Th e publisher and the authors make no representations or
warranties to readers, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of this material.
Without limiting the foregoing, the publisher and the authors make no representations or
warranties as to the accuracy or effi cacy of the drug dosages mentioned in the material. Th e
authors and the publisher do not accept, and expressly disclaim, any responsibility for any
liability, loss or risk that may be claimed or incurred as a consequence of the use and/or
application of any of the contents of this material.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
Dedication
To my wife, Eunju, and my daughter, Claire—you make my life fun!
—Joseph Jen-Sho Chen
For my eishes chayil, Dena—batach bah leiv ba’lah.
—Jeff rey Levsky
To my parents Suse and Barret Broyde who raised me in a home dedicated to the love of learning.
—Linda Broyde Haramati

Contents

Preface xi D. Pulmonary Arterial Disease 87
Contributors xiii
17. P ulmonary Hypertension 89
18. P ulmonary Artery Aneurysm and
Section 1: Techniques 1
Pseudoaneurysm 95
1. Cardiovascular Computed 19. P ulmonary Artery Stenosis 98
Tomography 3
2. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 8
E. Pulmonary Venous Disease 103
Section 2: Normal Anatomy 15 20. P ulmonary Vein Stenosis 105
21. P artial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous
3. Normal Cardiac Anatomy 17 Return 109
4. Normal Coronary Arterial and Venous 22. S cimitar Syndrome 113
Anatomy 22
23. T otal Anomalous Pulmonary Venous
5. Normal Great Vessel Anatomy 27 Return 117
24. C or Triatriatum 120
Section 3: Great Vessel Abnormalities 33
Section 4: Congenital Heart Disease 123
A. Aorta—Anomalies 3 3
25. I ntroduction to Congenital Heart Disease
6. Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery 35
Imaging 125
7. Double Aortic Arch 38
8. Right Aortic Arch 42
9. Coarctation of the Aorta 47 A. Left to Right Shunts 135
26. O stium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect 137
B. Pulmonary Artery—Anomalies 51
27. S inus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect 141
28. V entricular Septal Defect 145
10. A nomalous Origin of the Left Pulmonary
29. P atent Ductus Arteriosus 149
Artery: The Pulmonary Sling 53
30. E isenmenger Syndrome 154
11. A bsent Pulmonary Artery 56
C. Aorta—Acquired Disease 61 B. Complex Congenital Heart Disease 159
12. A ortic Dissection 63 31. T etralogy of Fallot 161
13. A ortic Intramural Hematoma 67 32. D -Transposition of the Great Arteries 166
14. P enetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer 72 33. L -Transposition of the Great Arteries 170
15. T horacic Aortic Aneurysm 76 34. E bstein Anomaly 174
16. A ortic Vasculitis 81 35. T ricuspid Atresia 179
viii Contents
36. T runcus Arteriosus Communis 183 60. D ilated Cardiomyopathy 295
37. D ouble-Outlet Right Ventricle 187 61. H ypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 299
38. H eterotaxy Syndrome 192 62. C ardiac Amyloidosis 304
39. H ypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 197 63. C ardiac Sarcoidosis 308
64. A rrhythmogenic Right Ventricular
Dysplasia 311
Section 5: Coronary Artery Variants
and Anomalies 203 65. M yocarditis 314
66. N oncompaction Cardiomyopathy 317
40. M yocardial Bridging 205
67. T akotsubo Cardiomyopathy 320
41. B enign Anomalous Coronary Artery 208
68. C ardiac Herniation 323
42. M alignant Anomalous Coronary Artery 213
Section 9: Myocardial Disease—Masses 325
Section 6: Coronary Artery Disease 219
A. Tumor-like Conditions 325
43. C oronary Artery Calcium Score 221
44. Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis 226 69. L eft Atrial Thrombus 327
45. L eft Main Coronary Artery Stenosis 231 70. L eft Ventricular Thrombus 330
46. O ther Coronary Artery Stenosis 235 71. L ipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial
Septum 334
47. C oronary Artery Aneurysm 240
48. K awasaki Disease 244
B. Tumor—Benign 337
Section 7: Myocardial Disease—Ischemia
72. C ardiac Myxoma 339
and Infarction 249
73. C ardiac Rhabdomyoma 343
49. S tunned or Hibernating Myocardium 251
C. Tumor—Malignant 347
A. Infarction 255
74. C ardiac Angiosarcoma 349
75. P ulmonary Artery Sarcoma 352
50. A cute Myocardial Infarction 257
76. C ardiac Lymphoma 355
51. C hronic Myocardial Infarction 260
77. C ardiac Metastases 358
52. M icrovascular Obstruction 263
53. T ransmural Myocardial Infarction 266
54. N ontransmural Myocardial Infarction 269 Section 10: C ardiac Valvular Disease 363
A. Aortic 363
B. Complications 273
78. A ortic Valve Stenosis 365
55. V entricular Septal Rupture 275 79. A ortic Regurgitation 370
56. L eft Ventricular Aneurysm 278 80. B icuspid Aortic Valve 375
57. L eft Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm 281
B. Mitral 379
Section 8: Myocardial Disease—
81. M itral Stenosis 381
Cardiomyopathy 285
82. M itral Valve Prolapse 385
58. L eft Heart Failure 287
83. M itral Annular Calcifi cation 389
59. I schemic Cardiomyopathy 291
84. M itral Valve Prosthesis 392