Cardiac Arrhythmias, Pacing and Sudden Death PDF
Preview Cardiac Arrhythmias, Pacing and Sudden Death
Cardiovascular Medicine Peter Kowey Jonathan P. Piccini Gerald Naccarelli James A. Reiffel Editors Cardiac Arrhythmias, Pacing and Sudden Death Cardiovascular Medicine Series Editor James T. Willerson MC 3-116 Texas Heart Institute Houston, Texas, USA Cardiovascular Medicine will offer today's most up-to-date, user-friendly guidance on the evaluation, diagnosis, and medical and surgical treatment of heart and vascular disease and will be on the wish list for every trainee and practising cardiologist, cardiac surgeon, vascular surgeon, diabetologist, cardiac radiologist and any physician who manages cardiac patients. The book and online package is dedicated to providing comprehensive coverage of every aspect of cardiovascular medicine from cardiac signs and symptoms through peripheral vascular disease and the genetic basis for cardiovascular disease to preventive cardiology. The Editors – and over 150 world authorities – will offer their decades of scientific and clinical experience. A major selling point will be the consistent chapter organization, clear design, and engaging text that includes user-friendly features such as tables, lists and treatment boxes. The reader will have all the guidance to diagnose and manage a full range of conditions in a series of textbook resources, while also having access to additional video material. More than 1600 illustrations over the eight volumes – including a wealth of color Doppler, nuclear imaging, surgical and pathological images – clarify complex principles and help in the understanding of the subtleties of technique and their application, so that they can be implemented in your practice. The eight volumes of Cardiovascular Medicine, 4th Edition will be the premier resource of its kind, which will advance readers’ knowledge and stimulate further study in cardiovascular medicine. Each volume is designed as firstly as a standalone reference in its subject, breaking the field of cardiology down into logical learning modules. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10474 Peter Kowey • Jonathan P. Piccini Gerald Naccarelli • James A. Reiffel Editors Cardiac Arrhythmias, Pacing and Sudden Death Editors Peter Kowey, MD Jonathan P. Piccini, MD, MHS, FACC, FAHA, Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson FHRS Medical College Associate Professor of Medicine Philadelphia Duke University Medical Center PA Duke Clinical Research Institute USA Durham NC Gerald Naccarelli, MD USA Bernard Trabin Chair in Cardiology Professor of Medicine James A. Reiffel, MD Chief, Division of Cardiology Professor Emeritus of Medicine Associate Clinical Director Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute Section of Electrophysiology Penn State University College of Medicine Columbia University Hershey New York Pennsylvania USA USA ISSN 2363-5053 ISSN 2363-5061 (electronic) Cardiovascular Medicine ISBN 978-3-319-57998-6 ISBN 978-3-319-58000-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-58000-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017951647 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland The editors would like to dedicate this book to our families, who patiently endure our absence and our distractions on a daily basis, and our patients, whose courage and perseverance inspire us to find ever better ways to diagnose and treat the difficult diseases that afflict them. Foreword When Dr. Willerson contacted us to assess our interest in editing an electrophysiology book for his highly successful cardiology series, we will admit that we were in a quandary. On one hand, we were flattered to have been asked, and eager to join an assembly of renowned con- tributors enlisted by Dr. Willerson in other areas of cardiovascular medicine. And how to say no to one of the most distinguished cardiology educators of all time? On the other hand, of textbooks there may never be an end, and in this modern day, what value might another tome have over data sources that are continuously streamed and updated? After some serious reflection, we decided to go forward but only if we could attract what we deemed to be the most knowledgeable and accomplished faculty on the planet. The conun- drum, or course, was that these people are enormously busy and overworked, and so the idea of taking on another task, no matter how dear the friendship of the editors, would not be espe- cially appealing. Thus, we were astounded when every one of our first choices for each chapter agreed to contribute. As you can see, the table of contents is literally a Who’s Who of modern electrophysiology and arrhythmology. As an added feature, several of the authors elected to enlist a junior faculty member or senior fellow to co-author, providing the richest of learning opportunities for those fortunate trainees. The book itself was carefully structured to allow an individual, at virtually any level of training, to find information to their needs and liking. We start with topics in basic electro- physiology and move through diagnostic and treatment methods, finally focusing on specific arrhythmia syndromes before concluding with the particularly thorny issue of special popula- tions. In each chapter, the authors have provided conceptual material, followed by practical information upon which treatment decisions can be firmly based. We know that the book’s organization has introduced a certain element of duplication, but as the Latin proverb pro- claims, repetition est mater studiorum. Plus, garnering diverse opinions about important topics provides an added and unique perspective for the reader. We were also concerned that the time it might take to produce a conventional textbook might render some portion of its contents obsolete, especially given the warp speed at which our specialty evolves. We needn’t have worried. Our authors, sitting at the very cutting edge of science, nicely anticipated trends and advances and have, in each chapter, provided a perspec- tive that is topical and enduring. Thus, our decision to move ahead with this textbook was, in retrospect, a sound one. We believe that the information provided herein will be of immense benefit to those who seek to learn the craft of caring for patients with any form of cardiac arrhythmia. We thank Dr. Willerson and the publisher’s staff for their help in bringing forward a textbook of which we are quite proud. vii Contents 1 Basic Electrophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Victoria M. Robinson and Stanley Nattel 2 Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Alexander Burashnikov and Charles Antzelevitch 3 Genomics of Cardiac Arrhythmias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Dan M. Roden and M. Benjamin Shoemaker 4 Channelopathies: Clinical Presentation and Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 J. Martijn Bos and Michael J. Ackerman 5 Extended ECG Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Christian Steinberg, Matthew T. Bennett, and Andrew D. Krahn 6 Sudden Cardiac Death: Methods of Risk Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 John Alvin Gayee Kpaeyeh Jr., Dean M. Abtahi, and Michael R. Gold 7 Electrophysiologic Testing and Cardiac Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Jackson J. Liang and David J. Callans 8 Antiarrhythmic Drug Management of Atrial Fibrillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 A. John Camm and Irina Savelieva 9 Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Keitaro Senoo and Gregory Y. H. Lip 10 Cardiac Pacemakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Jose F. Huizar and Kenneth A. Ellenbogen 11 Implantable and Wearable Defibrillator Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Samir Saba and N. A. Mark Estes 12 Atrial Fibrillation Ablation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Abhishek J. Deshmukh and Douglas L. Packer 13 Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Samuel H. Baldinger, Usha B. Tedrow, and William G. Stevenson 14 Supraventricular Tachycardia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Ramanan Kumareswaran and Paul Dorian 15 Clinical Management of Atrial Fibrillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 E. Kevin Heist, Moussa Mansour, and Jeremy N. Ruskin 16 Ventricular Tachycardia and Fibrillation in Patients with Structural Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Raul D. Mitrani and Robert J. Myerburg ix x Contents 17 V entricular Arrhythmias in the Absence of Structural Heart Disease . . . . . . . . 205 Juan Acosta and Josep Brugada 18 Bradyarrhythmias/Heart Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 L. Brent Mitchell 19 Syncope and Risk of Sudden Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Wayne O. Adkisson, Balaji Krishnan, and David G. Benditt 20 Management of Ventricular Arrhtyhmias in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathic Syndromes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Abhishek J. Deshmukh and Bernard J. Gersh 21 Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Edward P. Walsh 22 Arrhythmias in Special Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Paul J. Wang and Winston B. Joe Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Contributors Dean M. Abtahi, M.D. Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Michael J. Ackerman, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Juan Acosta, M.D. Arrhythmia Section, Cardiology Department, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain Wayne O. Adkisson, M.D. Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA Charles Antzelevitch, Ph.D. Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA Samuel H. Baldinger, M.D. Cardiovascular Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA David G. Benditt, B.Sc., E.E., M.D. University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA Matthew Bennett, M.D. UBC Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada J. Martijn Bos, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental, Mayo Clinic Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Josep Brugada, M.D., Ph.D. Arrhythmia Section, Cardiology Department, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain Alexander Burashnikov, Ph.D. Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Cardiovascular Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA David J. Callans, M.D. Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Alan John Camm, M.D., F.R.C.P. Clinical Sciences Division, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK Abhishek Deshmuhk, M.D. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic—St. Mary’s Campus, Rochester, MN, USA xi
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