Cardiac Arrest: The Science and Practice of Resuscitation Medicine PDF
Preview Cardiac Arrest: The Science and Practice of Resuscitation Medicine
This page intentionally left blank Cardiac Arrest The Science and Practice of Resuscitation Medicine Second edition Cardiac Arrest is the definitive and most comprehensive reference in advanced life support and resuscitation medi- cine. This new edition brings the reader completely up-to- date with developments in the field, focusing on practical issues of decision making, clinical management and pre- vention, as well as providing clear explanations of the science informing the practice. The coverage includes information on the latest pharmacotherapeutic options, the latest chest compression techniques and airway management protocols, all backed by clearly explained, evidence-based scientific research. The content is consis- tent with the latest guidelines for practice in this area, as detailed by the major international governing organiza- tions. This volume is essential reading for all those working in the hospital environments of emergency medicine, critical care, cardiology and anesthesia, as well as those providing care in the pre-hospital setting, including paramedics and other staff from the emergency services. Norman A. Paradis is Adjunct Professor of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. Henry R. Halperin is Professor of Medicine, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. Karl B. Kern is Professor of Medicine at the Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, USA. Volker Wenzel is Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine of Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria. Douglas A. Chamberlain CBE is Honorary Professor of Resuscitation Medicine at the School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales and Visiting Professor of Cardiology at the University of Brighton, Sussex, UK. From reviews of the first edition: . . . It is a tribute to the editors of this book, and the con- tributors they have selected, that they have managed to produce a book of enormous quality on the science of resuscitation medicine. The Lancet The excellent book, the first of its kind in the field of cardiac arrest, provides a balance of theoretical and clinical infor- mation. It achieves a level of authority and sophistication well beyond that of the advanced cardiac life support guidelines and will be of considerable use to all those prac- ticing or teaching clinical resuscitation. The New England Journal of Medicine The book has virtually everything one would ever want to know about the causes of cardiac arrest, the applied phys- iology, and its treatment. Physicians and nurses involved in the management of critically ill or injured patients should have Cardiac Arrest in their personal libraries for ready ref- erence. Resuscitation Cardiac Arrest The Science and Practice of Resuscitation Medicine Second edition Editors Norman A. Paradis, M.D. University of Colorado, Denver, USA Henry R. Halperin, M.D., M.A. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Karl B. Kern, M.D. University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, AZ, USA Volker Wenzel, M.D., M.Sc. Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria Douglas A. Chamberlain CBE, M.D. School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK Senior Associate Editor Max Harry Weil, M.D. Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine, Rancho Mirage, CA, USA Associate Editors Scott M. Eleff, M.D. William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA Terry L.Vanden Hoek, M.D. University of Chicago, IL, USA Vinay M. Nadkarni, M.D. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA Development Editor Pamela Talalay, Ph.D. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521847001 © Norman A. Paradis, Henry R. Halperin, Karl B. Kern, Volker Wenzel and Douglas A. Chamberlain 2007 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2007 ISBN-13 978-0-511-35489-2 eBook (EBL) ISBN-10 0-511-35489-4 eBook (EBL) ISBN-13 978-0-521-84700-1 hardback ISBN-10 0-521-84700-1 hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Every effort has been made in preparing this publication to provide accurate and up-to- date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this publication. Readers are strongly advised to pay careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use. In memory of Harold Paradis, M.D., without whose inspiration this effort would never have been under- taken, and for Christine, without whose patience it would never have been completed. N.A.P. To my wife, Sharon Tusa Halperin, and children, Victoria and Eric Halperin, whose patience and support inspired me to complete my contributions to this work. In memory of Victor Halperin, D.D.S., who inspired me to undertake a career in academic med- icine and complete this work. H.R.H. To Martha, my wife, who always understood that the most worthwhile books are written with friends, and that true friendship develops best while fly fishing, and to Matt, my youngest son, who has helped me keep my perspective that each day is wonderful and full of promise. K.B.K. To my daughter Katharina, whose love from Innsbruck to the moon and back keeps me going on good days and especially on bad days, and in memory of Gunther and Ute Wenzel. And to my friends worldwide providing ideas, critique, encour- agement, and hard work. V.W. To my wife Jennifer, who continues to be incredibly tolerant of a husband who is forever ensconsed in his study and who offers no help with the washing up. D.A.C. Contents List of contributors xi Foreword – Myron L. Weisfeldt M.D. xxvii Preface xxxi Part I Introduction 1 A history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation 3 Mickey S. Eisenberg, Peter Baskett, and Douglas Chamberlain 2 The epidemiology of sudden death 26 Graham Nichol and David Baker Part II Basic science 3 Global cellular ischemia/reperfusion during cardiac arrest: critical stress responses and the postresuscitation syndrome 51 Kimm Hamann, Dave Beiser, and Terry L. Vanden Hoek 4 Genetics, genomics and proteomics in sudden cardiac death 70 Lesley A. Kane, Silvia G. Priori, Carlo Napolitano, Dan E. Arking, and Jennifer E. Van Eyk 5 Intracellular signaling during myocardial ischemia 90 Peter H. Sugden 6 Electrophysiology of ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation 101 Wei Xiong and Gordon F. Tomaselli 7 The neuroendocrine response to global ischemia and reperfusion 128 Martin W. Dünser, Stefan Jochberger, Karl-Heinz Stadlbauer, and Volker Wenzel vii viii Contents 8 Inflammatory and Immunologic responses to 21 Analysis and predictive value of the ventricular ischemia and reperfusion 163 fibrillation waveform 417 Jason S. Haukoos, Ronald J. Korthuis, and James T. Trygve Eftestøl, Hans-Ulrich Strohmenger, and Colin Niemann Robertson 22 Etiology, electrophysiology, and myocardial Resuscitation research mechanics of pulseless electrical activity 426 9 Methodology of laboratory resuscitation research 179 Tom P. Aufderheide Menekhem Zviman and Henry R. Halperin 10 The methodology of clinical resuscitation Part IV Therapy of sudden death research 206 Johan Herlitz, Anouk van Alem, Volker Wenzel, and Karl 23 Prevention of sudden cardiac death 449 Wegscheider Catherine Campbell, Ty J. Gluckman, Charles Henrikson, 11 The special problem of consent for resuscitation Dominique M. Ashen, and Roger S. Blumenthal research 216 24 Sequence of therapies during resuscitation: Henry R. Halperin and Douglas Chamberlain application of CPR 463 Leonard A. Cobb Part III The pathophysiology of global ischemia 25 Transthoracic defibrillation 470 and reperfusion Richard E. Kerber, Charles D. Deakin, and Willis A. Tacker, Jr. 12 The etiology of sudden death 229 26 Automated external defbrillators 482 Sunil K. Sinha, Arthur J. Moss, and Hugh G. Calkins Rudolph W. Koster, Douglas Chamberlain, and Dianne L. Atkins 13 Global brain ischemia and reperfusion 236 Brian J. O’Neil, Robert W. Neumar, Uwe Ebmeyer, and 27 Public access defibrillation 496 Gary S. Krause Roger D. White, Mick Colquhoun, Carys Sian Davies, Mary Ann Peberdy, and Sergio Timerman 14 Reperfusion injury in cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation 282 28 The physiology of ventilation during cardiac Thomas Aversano arrest and other low blood flow states 506 Ahamed H. Idris and Andrea Gabrielli 15 Visceral organ ischemia and reperfusion in cardiac arrest 298 29 Airway techniques and airway devices 550 Kevin R. Ward and Andreas W. Prengel Jerry P. Nolan and David A. Gabbott 16 Mechanisms of forward flow during external External chest compression: standard and chest compression 326 alternative techniques Henry R. Halperin 30 Manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation Perfusion pressures techniques 571 Henry R. Halperin and Barry K. Rayburn 17 Hemodynamics of cardiac arrest 347 Michael P. Frenneaux and Stig. Steen 31 Mechanical devices for cardiopulmonary resuscitation 585 18 Coronary perfusion pressure during Henry R. Halperin cardiopulmonary resuscitation 369 Karl B. Kern, James T. Niemann, and Stig Steen 32 Invasive reperfusion techniques 600 Mark G. Angelos 19 Methods to improve cerebral blood flow and neurological outcome after cardiac arrest 389 33 Routes of drug administration 614 Uwe Ebmeyer, Laurence M. Katz, and Alan D. Guerci Thomas Kerz, Gideon Paret, and Holger Herff 20 Pharmacology of cardiac arrest and reperfusion 395 Tommaso Pellis, Jasmeet Soar, Gavin Perkins, and Raúl J. Gazmuri
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