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JeenatAslam,ChandrabhanVerma,DakeshwarKumarVermaandRubyAslam(Eds.) CarbonAllotropes Also of Interest Carbon-BasedSmartMaterials ConstantinosA.Charitidis,EliasP.KoumoulosandDimitrios A.Dragatogiannis(Eds.), ISBN----,e-ISBN---- ChemistryofCarbonNanostructures KlausMuellenandXinliangFeng, ISBN----,e-ISBN---- Carbon-BasedNanotubes RaúlHernándezSánchez,SaberMirzaeiand EdisonArleyCastroPortillo, ISBN----,e-ISBN---- Carbon Allotropes Nanostructured Anti-Corrosive Materials Edited by Jeenat Aslam, Chandrabhan Verma, Dakeshwar Kumar Verma and Ruby Aslam Editors JeenatAslam DakeshwarKumarVerma DepartmentofChemistry DepartmentofChemistry CollegeofScience Govt.DigvijayAutonomous TaibahUniversity,Yanbu-30799 PostgraduateCollege Al-Madina Chhattisgarh491441 SaudiArabia India Email:[email protected] Email:[email protected] ChandrabhanVerma RubyAslam InterdisciplinaryResearchCenterforAdvanced DepartmentofAppliedChemistry Materials FacultyofEngineeringandTechnology KingFahdUniversityofPetroleumandMinerals AligarhMuslimUniversity Dharan31261 Aligarh202002 SaudiArabia India Email:[email protected] Email:[email protected] ISBN978-3-11-078280-6 e-ISBN(PDF)978-3-11-078282-0 e-ISBN(EPUB)978-3-11-078286-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2022938811 BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; detailedbibliographicdataareavailableontheinternetathttp://dnb.dnb.de. ©2022WalterdeGruyterGmbH,Berlin/Boston Coverimage:Gettyimages/coffeekai Typesetting:IntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd. Printingandbinding:CPIbooksGmbH,Leck www.degruyter.com About the editors JeenatAslamDepartmentofChemistry,CollegeofScience, TaibahUniversity,Yanbu-30799, Al-Madina,SaudiArabia [email protected] JeenatAslam,Ph.D.,iscurrentlyworkingasanAssistantProfessorattheDepartmentofChemistry, CollegeofScience,TaibahUniversity,Yanbu,Al-Madina,SaudiArabia.Herresearchmainlyfocuses onthematerialsandcorrosion,nanotechnology,andsurfacechemistry.Dr.Jeenathaspublished severalresearchandreviewarticlesinpeer-reviewedinternationaljournalsofACS,Wiley,Elsevier, Springer,Taylor&Francis,BenthumScience,etc.Shehasedited2booksandhascontributed20 bookchapters. ChandrabhanVerma InterdisciplinaryResearchCenterforAdvancedMaterials, KingFahdUniversityofPetroleumandMinerals, Dhahran,31261,SaudiArabia [email protected] ChandrabhanVerma,worksattheInterdisciplinaryCenterforResearchinAdvancedMaterialsKing FahdUniversityofPetroleumandMinerals(KFUPM),SaudiArabia.HeobtainedhisPhDinMaterial Science/ChemistryattheIndianInstituteofTechnology(BanarasHinduUniversity)Varanasi, India.HeisamemberofAmericanChemicalSociety(ACS)andservesasreviewerandeditorial boardmemberforvariousinternationallyrecognizedofACS,RSC,Elsevier,Wiley,andSpringer platform.Dr.VermaisAssociateEditor-in-ChiefofjournalOrganicChemistryPlus.Heistheauthor ofseveralresearchandreviewarticlespublishedatACS,Elsevier,RSC,Wiley,Springeretc. platforms.Hehastotalcitationofmorethan6,987withH-indexof46andi-10indexof116. Dr.VermahaseditedeightbooksfortheACS,Elsevier,RSC,andWiley.Hereceivedseveralawards forhisacademicachievements. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110782820-202 VI Abouttheeditors DakeshwarKumarVerma DepartmentofChemistry, Govt.DigvijayAutonomousPostgraduateCollege, Rajnandgaon,Chhattisgarh,INDIA491441 [email protected] DakeshwarKumarVerma,Ph.D.,isanAssistantProfessorofChemistryattheGovt.Digvijay AutonomousPostgraduateCollege,Rajnandgaon,Chhattisgarh,India.Hisresearchmainlyfocuseson thepreparationanddesigningoforganiccompoundsforvariousapplicationsandgreenchemistry.Dr. Vermaistheauthorofmorethan50researchpapers,reviewarticles,andbookchaptersinpeer- reviewedinternationaljournalsofACS,RSC,Wiley,Elsevier,Springer,Taylor&Francis,etc.Hehas alsoworkedasaneditor/co-editor/authoronvariousbookspublishedbyElsevier,WileyScience,and DeGruyter.Hehastotalcitationofmorethan730withH-indexof13andi-10indexof17.Recently,two full-timePh.D.researchscholarsareworkingunderhisguidance.Dr.VermareceivedCouncilof ScientificandIndustrialResearchJuniorResearchFellowshipawardin2013.HealsoavailedMHRD NationalfellowshipduringhisPh.D.in2013. Dr.RubyAslam DepartmentofAppliedChemistry, AligarhMuslimUniversity,Aligarh,India. [email protected] RubyAslam,PhD.,isaResearchAssociateintheDepartmentofAppliedChemistry,AligarhMuslim University,UttarPradesh,India.ShegraduatedwithanM.Sc.inChemistryatAligarhMuslim UniversityandpresentedherM.Phil.dissertationandPh.D.thesisinAppliedChemistryatAligarh MuslimUniversity.Shehaspublishedwidelyoncorrosioninhibitionandcorrosionprotective coatings. Preface Corrosion is a high-cost and potentially hazardous issue in numerous industries. Thepotentialuseofdiversecarbonnanoallotropesincorrosionprotection,prevention, and control is a subject of rising attention. The corrosion, protection, and control using carbon nanoallotropes is a precious reference tool for researchers and engineers employed with nanostructure materials in various industries such asautomotive,aerospace,petroleum,oilandgas,andchemicalengineering,along with academics learning the exclusive protection and control offered via carbon nanoallotropesagainstcorrosion.Thenanostructurematerials-basedprotectiveap- proaches can suggest numerous advantages over their traditional complements; forexample,protectionforprimaryphase,improvedcorrosioncontrol,andhigher corrosionresistance(duetohighsurfaceareaandhighdegreeofhydrophobicity). However, inorganic, organic, and mixed material inhibitors were used for a long period to combat corrosion. The usage of carbon nanoallotropes as inhibitors has expandeditsimportancebecauseofitsimprovedcorrosionefficiencyowingtothe enlargedsurface-to-volumeratio.Thecarbonnanoallotropesaregoodcorrosionin- hibitor because it has numerous advantages; for example, low cost, low toxicity, easyproduction,andhighprotectionefficiency.Nanostructuresandnanostructure materialscanassistasoutstandingcarriersforcorrosioninhibitors.Thenanostruc- turematerials advantagesarecontrolledandactivatedreleaseof corrosioninhibi- torstoprotectcorrosion. This book will summarize existing research and technology on nanostructure materials as corrosion inhibitors, obstacles in exploiting these materials, and then outlinefutureresearchprospects.Thebookisdividedintothreeparts,andeachpart contains numerous chapters. Part 1 “investigates the overview of carbon allotropes andcorrosion”andcoverstopicsinChapters1to5areproperties,applications,syn- thesis, and characterization of carbon allotropes, basics, economic adverse effects and mitigation of corrosion, challenges and opportunities of carbon allotropes for anticorrosive applications, and mechanism of corrosion prevention and control. Part2,“recentadvancementsofcarbonallotropesasnanostructuredcorrosioninhi- bitors,”studiesthetopicsinChapters6to12aregrapheneandgrapheneoxide,che- mically modified graphene and graphene oxides, polymer composites of graphene andgraphene oxides, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) their composites, chemicallymodi- fiedCNTs,carbonquantumdots(CQDs),carbonnanorods(CNRs)andtheircomposi- tesasnanostructuredcorrosioninhibitors,andrecentadvancesincarbonallotropes nanostructuredasanticorrosivecoatings.Part3,“carbonallotropesasnanostructu- red corrosion inhibitors: industrialization, economics, and commercialization,” co- vers the topics in Chapters 13 to 15 are carbon allotropes nanostructured as ideal substitutes for industrial corrosion inhibitors and recent advancements and future proponentsofcarbonallotropes-basedmaterialsasidealsubstitutesforindustrially https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110782820-203 VIII Preface usefulself-healingcoatings,economics,andcommercializationofcarbonallotropes nanostructuredcorrosioninhibitors. Thisbook isintendedfor a verywide-ranging audienceworking inthe fields of advancedmaterialsscience,chemistry,chemicalengineeringandtechnology,etc.It will be aninvaluable reference sourcefor the librariesinuniversities and industrial institutions,governmentandindependentinstitutes,individualresearchgroups,and scientists.Overall,thisbookiswrittenfor scholarsinacademiaand industry,work- ingcorrosionengineers,andstudentsofmaterialsscienceandappliedandengineer- ingchemistry.Theeditorsandcontributorsarerenownedresearchers,scientists,and trueprofessionalsfromacademiaandindustry.OnbehalfofDeGruyter,wearevery thankfultothecontributorsofallchaptersfortheiramazingandpassionateeffortsin themakingofthisbook.OurspecialthanksarededicatedtoDr.ChristeneSmith(Ac- quisitions Editor), Mrs. StellaMüller (Content Editor), and the Editorial Team at De Gruyter for their devoted supportand helpduring thisproject.In the end, all grati- tudegoestoDeGruyterforpublishingthebook. Editors JeenatAslam ChandrabhanVerma DakeshwarKumarVerma andRubyAslam Contents Abouttheeditors V Preface VII BhawanaJain,ReenaRawat,DanielAmoakoDarko Chapter1 Carbonallotropes:propertiesandapplications–stateoftheart 1 AlimoradRashidi,MaryamSiratiGohari,SeyedAliRezaei Chapter2 Carbonallotropes:synthesisandcharacterization 33 SouravKr.Saha,NamhyunKang Chapter3 Corrosion:basics,economicadverseeffects,anditsmitigation 67 MaryamSiratiGohari,SeyedAliRezaei,AlimoradRashidi Chapter4 Carbonallotropesforanticorrosiveapplications,challenges, andopportunities 89 GokulRamNishad,AshwaniKumarSharma,DakeshwarKumarVerma Chapter5 Carbonallotropes:mechanismofcorrosionpreventionandcontrol 117 OmarDagdag,RajeshHaldhar,Seong-CheolKim,ElyorBerdimurodov, ChandrabhanVerma,EkeminiD.Akpan,EnoE.Ebenso Chapter6 Grapheneandgrapheneoxideasnanostructuredcorrosioninhibitors 133 SanjuktaZamindar,ManilalMurmu,NareshChandraMurmu, PriyabrataBanerjee Chapter7 Chemicallymodifiedgrapheneandgrapheneoxidesas corrosioninhibitors 149 X Contents ManilalMurmu,SanjuktaZamindar,NareshChandraMurmu, PriyabrataBanerjee Chapter8 Polymercompositesofgrapheneandgrapheneoxidesas corrosioninhibitors 175 SeyedAliRezaei,MaryamSiratiGohari,AlimoradRashidi Chapter9 Carbonnanotubes(CNTs)andtheircompositesasnanostructured corrosioninhibitors 201 AvniBerisha Chapter10 ChemicallymodifiedCNTsascorrosioninhibitors 227 RoliJain,DanielAmoakoDarko,BhawanaJain,RuchiSharma,ReenaRawat Chapter11 Carbonquantumdots(CQDS),carbonnanorods(CNRS),andtheircomposites asnanostructuredcorrosioninhibitors 241 SeyyedArashHaddadi,SaeedGhaderi, MohammadEbrahimHajiNaghiTehrani,BahramRamezanzadeh Chapter12 Recentadvancesincarbonallotropesnanostructuredasanticorrosive coatings 271 TaiwoW.Quadri,LukmanO.Olasunkanmi,OmololaE.Fayemi,EnoE.Ebenso Chapter13 Industrialcorrosioninhibitors:nanostructuredcarbonallotropesas idealsubstitutes 327 NavidHosseinabadi Chapter14 Carbonallotropes-basedmaterialsasidealsubstitutesforindustriallyuseful self-healingcoatings:recentadvancementsandfutureproponents 355