Car Safety Performance Guidebook af e an id

118 Pages·2012·6.01 MB·English

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Car Saaffety Peerformaannce Guiiddebook
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Detailed
Edition
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Collision
Safety
Performance
Tests
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New Car Assessment
2012.3
National Agency for Taabbllee ooff SSaaffeetty Peerrffoorrmmaannccee CCoomparriissoonn
Ministry of Land, Automotive Safety bbyy mmooddeel
Infrastructure, & Victim’s Aid
Transport and Tourism
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es Outline of Japan New Car Assessment Program
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As well as the number of fatalities from traf(cid:192)c accidents dropping for the eleventh con-
secutive year to 4,611, the number of accidents and people injured in accidents has also
decreased for the seventh straight year with the number of traf(cid:192)c accidents falling below
700,000 for the (cid:192)rst time in 19 years. Nevertheless, the circumstances regarding traf(cid:192)c ac-
cidents still remain severe. In view of this, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism and the National Agency for Automotive Safety & Victims’ Aid, as a safety
measure, are implementing tests to assess the safety performance of commercially avail-
able vehicles, the results of which are released in the “New Car Assessment Program”.
The objective of Japan New Car Assessment Program is to increase the use of safe auto-
mobiles by providing an environment in which users can easily select such vehicles. This
also promotes the development of safer vehicles by automobile manufacturers.
From FY2011, as well as the introduction of the Pedestrian Leg Protection Performance
Test and the Protection Against Electric Shock in Collision Tests for Electric Cars Performance
Test, as an overall automobile safety evaluation including both passenger and pedestrian
safety performance, the New Overall Evaluation of Safety Performance has commenced and
those results are also included.
The Japan New Car Assessment Program also includes child seat safety performance
comparison tests (frontal collision and usability).
We hope that this guidebook will prove to be a valuable resource to consumers.
Provision of automobile assessment data
People
・Traffic safety education Automobile Automobile
・Promoting 100% use of users manufacturers
seatbelts and other safety
precautions
・Promoting 100% use ・Improvement of safety ・Promoting research
of child seats consciousness and development for
・Selection of safer the production of
automobiles safer automobiles
Roads Cars ・Selection of safer ・Promoting research
child seats and development for
・Providing facilities ・Improvement of safety the production of
which improve traffic technology safer child seats
safety ・Improvement of safety
regulations
Spread of safer automobiles and safer child seats in the market
Section 1 Safety Performance Comparison Tests
Chapter 1 Passenger Protection Performance Evaluation ........................................ 　4-　9
Chapter 2 Pedestrian Protection Performance Evaluation Tests
.......................... 10-13
Chapter 3 Passenger Seat Belt Reminder (PSBR) Evaluation
............................................14
Chapter 4 Other Evaluations
..........................................................................................................15-16
Chapter 5 Overall Evaluation .......................................................................................................17-21
Table of safety performance test results ..................................................................................................................22-31
◆Table of contents◆ Test results by model ........................................................................................................................................32-59
Reference 1-1 Test results of the past (collision safety performance tests, pedestrian head protection performance tests, braking performance tests).... 60-83
Reference 1-2 Test results of the past (rear passenger’s seat belt usability evaluation tests) ........................................... 84-87
Reference 1-3 Test results of the past (Passenger Seat Belt Reminder (PSBR) Evaluation tests) ............................................. 88
Reference 2 Availability of data on collision safety performance from foreign countries ................................................ 90-91
Section 2 Table of Safety Devices Installed and Their Features
Function of safety devices and correct method of use ............................................................................................. 92-96
Advanced Safety Vehicle (ASV) Technology Put to Practical Use....................................................................................... 97
Installation conditions of safety devices by manufacturers and models ..................................................................... 98-115
SSeeccttiioonn11 Tests
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All passenger cars sold in Japan fulfill government containing the results of safety tests performed on the
safety regulations including braking performance for 14 models shown below. The total number of passenger
avoiding accidents but features which reduce injuries at car models given an overall evaluation was 218, of
the time of impact differ from vehicle to vehicle. This which 204 underwent an overall evaluation for collision
section provides the test results which can compare safety performance and 14 underwent the New Overall
such safety features. Evaluation of Safety Performance. This covers roughly
Candidates for testing in this New Car Assessment 80% of the new cars sold in Japan.
Program in 2011 were selected from the top-selling
automobiles in the market with this year’s edition
Electric Car
　Nissan ●LEAF
Mini-sized Cars
　DAIHATSU ●Mira e:S
　Nissan／SUZUKI ●Moco/MR Wagon
Passenger Cars A Engine Displacement 1,500cc or less (Excluding 1BOX & Minivans)
　TOYOTA ●Vitz
　Fiat/Abarth ●500 　／　 500
500C 500C
　SUZUKI/MITSUBISHI ●Solio/Delica D:2
　SUZUKI ●SPLASH
　TOYOTA／SUBARU ●Ractis/Trezia
　AUDI ●A1
Passenger Cars B Engine Displacement 1,500cc to 2,000cc or less (Excluding 1BOX & Minivans)
　Lexus ●CT200h
　TOYOTA ●Priusα
　BMW ●X1
Passenger Cars C Engine Displacement over 2,000cc (Excluding 1BOX & Minivans)
※SUBARU ●Legacy
1BOX & Minivans Seats with three rows or more
※Nissan ●ELGRAND
※Model tested on consignment at the request of the vehicle manufacturers, etc.
3
Tests
on Chapter 1 Passenger Protection Performance Evaluation
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an 1. Full-wrap frontal collision test
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Passenger cars are designed with a structure and degree of passenger protection in 5 levels.
features meant to reduce the degree of injury to Actual collisions of this type tend to occur at speeds
passengers in the event of a collision. The method of lower than that of this test. Note that the results of this
testing used to evaluate these features must ensure that test do not apply to collisions at extremely high speeds,
the accidents simulated are as realistic as possible and and other types of collisions such as when passengers
that the data obtained from the tests is highly reliable. are not wearing seatbelts, and collisions in which one of
In this test, dummies are placed in both the driver's the vehicles is a large truck.
and front passenger's seats and the vehicle is made to Additionally, the results of this test can only be
collide with a concrete barrier at a rate of 55 km/h. The compared in the case of vehicles with similar masses. In
dummies are checked for injuries to the head, neck, other words, when the mass of test vehicles is similar,
chest and legs, the vehicle is checked for damage and the safety performance of vehicles with higher ratings is
deformation, and the results are used to evaluate the greater than those with lower ratings.
○Dummy for full-wrap frontal collision test
The Hybrid III dummy is used to represent a human
body of the driver and front passenger. This dummy was
developed in the United States and represents the average
adult male (175 cm in height and 78 kg in mass (about 85
kg including attachments)).
◇ Evaluation method
Injury values are measured on the dummy for the head, value for vehicle deformation is then subtracted from the
neck, chest, and legs. These values are then converted value for injuries and the result is multiplied by the weight
into a four-point score using a point conversion function coefficient for this type of accident. In this manner, the
used for automobile assessment in the United States and overall points are calculated for each body area. These
Europe. Vehicle deformation is also measured and scores are then added together to get the total, which is
converted in the same manner to a score of 0 to ‒ 1. The then evaluated to one of 5 levels.
Injury value Points (a) Dedgerfeoerm oaft bioondy Points (b) Weight (c) O(v(ae)r+a(lbl )p)×oi(nct)s
Head Head in(juHrIyC c)riterio n 0 to 4 points ＋ Steedriinspgl awcheemele nutpper 0 to –1 point × 0.923 ＝ 0 to 3.692 points
Tensile load 0 to 4 points
Neck MomSheenat roinf ge xltoeandsion (the lowest value is chosen) ＋ (none) – × 0.231 ＝ 0 to 0.924 points
0 to 4 points
Chest Resultant chest acceleration (the lowest value is chosen) ＋ Steering wheel lower 0 to –1 point × 0.923 ＝ 0 to 3.692 points
Chest displacement displacement
Legs Femur load (lower value of left and right) 0 to 2 points ＋ Brake pedal upper displacement 0 to –1 point × 0.923 ＝ 0 to 3.692 points
Load on Tibia index (lowest value) 0 to 2 points Brake pedal lower displacement 0 to –1 point
※ HIC = Head Injury Criterion Total 0 to 12 points
0 point Top score
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wra Tsehreiroeu si sin jsuirgyn tiofi ctahnet hreiasdk , noef ckc,a ucshiensgt There is little risk of causing serious
ull- or legs. injury to the head, neck, chest or legs.
F
◇ Interpretation of evaluation results
In order to accurately differentiate between the Level 5
evaluations of different vehicles, a standard is set
Level 4
based on current technology. Up to 6 points out of 12 is
Level 3
given level 1 and the rest of the range is divided up into
Level 2
equal parts, which are respectively assigned to level 2
(more than 6 points but 7.5 or less), level 3 (more than Level 1
7.5 points but 9 or less), level 4 (more than 9 points but
0 point 6 points 12 points
10.5 or less) or level 5 (more than 10.5 points).
Level
4
Tests
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2. Offset frontal collision test　［Introduced from FY2009 (partially)］ e Co
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In this test, dummies are placed in the driver's and evaluating restraining devices (such as air bags and S
rear passenger's seats and the test vehicle is made to seatbelts) used to protect passengers, in this test there
collide head-on on the driver's side (at an offset of 40%) is a significant degree of deformation to the body of
with an aluminum honeycomb at a rate of 64km/h. The the vehicle, which makes it well suited to evaluating
dummies are measured for injuries to the head, neck, aggressiveness to passengers from such deformations.
chest, abdomen (rear passenger's seat only) and legs, Actual collisions of this type tend to occur at speeds
the vehicle is checked for damage and deformation, and lower than that of this test. Note that the results of
the results are used to evaluate the degree of passenger this test do not apply to collisions at extremely high
protection in 5 levels. speeds, and other types of collisions such as when
While dummies had been placed in the driver's and passengers are not wearing seatbelts, and collisions in
front passenger's seats until FY2008, a male dummy which one of the vehicles is a large truck.
placed in the front passenger's seat was replaced with Additionally, the results of this test can only be
a female one and this female dummy was placed in the compared in the case of vehicles with similar masses.
rear seat and " Rear Seat Passenger’s Protection for
Frontal Collision Performance Evaluation" has been ○Dummies for offset frontal collision test
carried out since FY2009. The same dummy as full-wrap frontal-collision one is
Because this test involves impact with only one part placed in the driver's seat. The Hybrid III adult female
of the vehicle, the force exerted on the dummy is less
dummy (150 cm in height and 49 kg in mass (about 54 kg
than in a full-wrap frontal collision. However, while the
including attachments)) is placed in the rear passenger's
full-wrap frontal collision test is well suited to
seat.
Dummy placed in the rear passenger's seat
Reference
51% 49%
As shown in the graph to the
right, in the case of frontal (driver's seat + Ofrfofsnett pfraosnsteanl gceorl'lsi ssieoants) aTcoctiadle 9n6ts F(durlilv-ewrr'sa ps efraot n+t aflr ocnotllisions
collisions, the rate of occur- passenger's seat)
rence of offset frontal
collisions is the same as Distribution by type of frontal collision accidents involving injuries of
that of full-wrap frontal AIS3 and greater (serious injuries) of passengers wearing seatbelts
collisions. DTraatfafi cfr oAmcc 1id9e8n8t tRoe 1se9a9r2c hM ainndis tDrya toaf ATnraanlysspisort Accident Reports and 1993 to 1999 Institute for
◇ Evaluation method
With regard to the driver’s seat, the evaluation a point-conversion function used for automobile
method is the same as in the full wrap frontal collision assessment in the United States and Europe in view of
test. Injury values are measured on the dummy placed adjustment items. The result is multiplied by the weight
in the rear passenger's seat in the front passenger’s coefficient for this type of accident. In this manner, the
seat side for the head, neck, chest, abdomen (right or overall points are calculated for each body area. These
wrong binding of pelvis by a seat belt) and legs. These scores are then added together to get the total, which is
values are then converted into a four-point score using then evaluated to one of 5 levels.
Overall points
Injury value Points (a) Adjustment item Points (b) Weight (c)
((a)+(b))×(c)
Head injury criterion 0 to 4 points 0 to -1 point
Head (4 points if there is no secondary ＋ Secondary collision (-1 point when secondary collision × 0.8 ＝ 0 to 3.2 points
(HIC15)
collision) occurs)
0 to 4 points
Tensile load
(The lowest value is chosen. If there is no
Neck Shearing load ＋ None ― × 0.2 ＝ 0 to 0.8 points
secondary collision, only tensile load is
Moment of extension
chosen.)
Chest Chest deflection 0 to 4 points ＋ None ― × 0.8 ＝ 0 to 3.2 points
4 points Riding up of wrap belt from 0 to -4 points
Abdomen ＋ × 0.8 ＝ 0 to 3.2 points
(as base points) pelvis (-2 points per one side riding up)
0 to 4 points
Legs Femur load ＋ None ― × 0.4 ＝ 0 to 1.6 points
(lower value of left or right)
Total 0 to 12 points
◇ Interpretation of evaluation results
The same as in the full wrap front collision test.
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Tests
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Co 3. Side collision test
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S Among the passenger injuries which occur in
automobile collisions, side collisions cause the most
damage next to frontal collisions. In this test, a trolley
with a mass of 950 kg is made to collide at a speed of
55 km/h with the side of a stationary test vehicle with
a dummy normally on the driver’s seat. The dummy is
checked for injuries to the head, chest, abdomen, and
pelvis, and the results are used to evaluate the degree
of passenger protection in 5 levels.
The front of the trolley,which has been made to look
like a normal passenger car, has also been outfitted
with a shock-absorbent aluminum honeycomb which
provides a similar degree of hardness as such a vehicle. ○Dummy for side collision test
In addition, assessment of circumstances and range
The Euro SID-2 dummy is used in this test. This
of equipment has been taken from FY2008 on
dummy was developed in Europe and represents the
automobiles newly equipped with side curtain air bags.
average adult male (170 cm in height and 72 kg in mass
Actual side collision accidents tend to occur at speeds
(about 78 kg including attachments)).
lower than that of this test. Note that the results of
this test do not apply to collisions at extremely high
speeds, and other types of collisions such as when
passengers are not wearing seatbelts, and collisions in ※ The side curtain air bag (SCA) has been designed to protect the head of
which one of the vehicles is a large truck. passenger in a side collision, and is generally stored in a roof-rail, etc.
In event of side collision, the bag blows open to expand mainly from A
pillar to C pillar area along the roof-rail.
◇ Evaluation method
Injury values are measured on the dummy for the multiplied by the weight coefficient for this type of
head, chest, abdomen and pelvis. These values are then accident and the overall points are calculated for each
converted into a four-point score using a point- body area. These scores are then added together to get
conversion function used for automobile assessment in the total, which is then evaluated to one of 5 levels.
the United States and Europe. These values are
Injury value Points (a) Weight (b) Overall points (a)×(b)
Head Head Performance 0 to 4 points × 1.0 ＝ 0 to 4 points
Criterion (HPC) value
Chest Chest deflection 0 to 4 points × 1.0 ＝ 0 to 4 points
Abdomen Total abdomen load 0 to 4 points × 0.5 ＝ 0 to 2 points
Pelvis Pubic bone load 0 to 4 points × 0.5 ＝ 0 to 2 points Total 0 to 12 points
※ HPC = Head Performance Criterion
0 point Top score
There is significant risk of causing There is little risk of causing serious
e
d serious injury to the head, chest, injury to the head, chest, abdomen and
Si abdomen and pelvis. pelvis.
◇ Interpretation of evaluation results
The same as in the full wrap front collision test.
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4. Protection against electric shock in collision tests for electric cars performance test　［Newly introduced from FY2011］ e Co
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◇ Testing methods or
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With the rapidly expanding use of electric cars and leakage of the electrolyte from the high voltage S
hybrid cars (excluding cars with an electric motor of battery and the battery attachment condition. These
operating voltage of AC30V and less than DC60V), results are made public.
consumers are faced with increasing opportunities to Also, when fitted out with an automatic high voltage
purchase electric cars and so on. In the case of such system shutdown function, the operating state of that
cars being involved in collisions, passengers should not function is checked.
suffer any electric shocks from the high voltage. From The scope of evaluations of the requisites for
FY2011, after tests have been carried out for full wrap protection against electric shock are “inside the
frontal collisions, offset frontal collisions and side passenger compartment” until FY2013 and “inside
collisions, performance is evaluated in regard to the and outside the passenger compartment” from after
passengers not receiving any electric shocks, any FY2013.
◇ Evaluation method
After having undergone collision testing, evaluations leakage of the electrolyte from the high voltage
are made according to the standards on the table below battery and the battery attachment condition.
with regard to receiving any electric shocks, any
Evaluation categories Evaluation standards
(1) Direct contact protection (cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)(cid:48)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:87)(cid:73)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:0)(cid:82)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:0)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:82)(cid:69)(cid:65)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:83)(cid:89)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:0)(cid:8)(cid:78)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:66)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:0)(cid:83)(cid:89)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:9)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:0)
+ Protection Class IPXXB.
indirect contact protection (cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)(cid:50)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:65)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:87)(cid:69)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:84)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:67)(cid:65)(cid:76)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:72)(cid:65)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:65)(cid:67)(cid:84)(cid:65)(cid:66)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:69)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:67)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:8)(cid:78)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:66)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:0)
system) must be no greater than 0.1 Ω when 0.2 A or more of current is flowing.
(2) Insulation resistance (cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)(cid:37)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:84)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:67)(cid:0)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:67)(cid:75)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:8)(cid:78)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:66)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:0)(cid:83)(cid:89)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:9)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:83)(cid:14)(cid:0)(cid:52)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:78)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:0)
measurement apply when the potential of two or more live parts is not protected under Protection Class IPXXB conditions following a
Protection against
collision.
electric shock※
- AC circuits and circuits that include AC circuits must have an operating voltage of 500 Ω/V or greater. (operating voltage
of 100 Ω/V or greater when Protection Class IPXXB requirements are met or voltage of AC sections is 30 V or less).
- DC circuits must have an operating voltage of 100 Ω/V or greater.
(3) Residual voltage measurement (cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)(cid:50)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:65)(cid:76)(cid:0)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:84)(cid:65)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:13)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:84)(cid:65)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:82)(cid:84)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:21)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:0)(cid:22)(cid:16)(cid:0)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:33)(cid:35)(cid:0)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:0)(cid:54)(cid:0)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:12)(cid:0)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:36)(cid:35)(cid:0)(cid:22)(cid:16)(cid:0)(cid:54)(cid:0)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:14)
(cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)(cid:37)(cid:78)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:13)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:84)(cid:65)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:82)(cid:84)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:83)(cid:89)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:21)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:0)(cid:22)(cid:16)(cid:0)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:18)(cid:14)(cid:16)(cid:0)(cid:42)(cid:0)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:14)
(4) Residual energy measurement
(cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:52)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:0)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:78)(cid:79)(cid:0)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:84)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:65)(cid:75)(cid:65)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:82)(cid:84)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:14)
(cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)(cid:41)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:0)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:65)(cid:75)(cid:65)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:82)(cid:69)(cid:65)(cid:0)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:83)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:82)(cid:84)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:12)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:65)(cid:76)(cid:0)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:65)(cid:75)(cid:65)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:81)(cid:85)(cid:65)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:84)(cid:89)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:0)(cid:65)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:0)
High-voltage battery electrolyte leakage performance
must be no greater than 7% of total electrolyte quantity. In the event of an open drive system battery, leakage must be no
greater than 7% of total electrolyte quantity and no more than 5 liters.
(cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:50)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:69)(cid:87)(cid:65)(cid:66)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:37)(cid:78)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:0)(cid:51)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:65)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:51)(cid:89)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:0)(cid:8)(cid:50)(cid:37)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:9)(cid:0)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:67)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:0)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:82)(cid:84)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:70)(cid:65)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:0)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:67)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:14)
High-voltage battery attachment status (cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)(cid:50)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:69)(cid:87)(cid:65)(cid:66)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:37)(cid:78)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:0)(cid:51)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:65)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:51)(cid:89)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:0)(cid:8)(cid:50)(cid:37)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:9)(cid:0)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:67)(cid:65)(cid:84)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:0)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:83)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:0)(cid:67)(cid:79)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:82)(cid:84)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:78)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:0)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:0)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:0)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:0)
passenger compartment.
※ Requirements for electric shock protection performance following a collision are confirmed through a combination of measurement methods (1) – (4) in the table above, in order to
confirm the electric shock protection performance of all high-voltage parts in the power system.
◇ Interpretation of evaluation results
When all requirements for electric shock protections
+ -
performance, high-voltage battery electrolyte leakage
performance and high-voltage battery fastening status
have been met, the mark shown right is to be displayed
SAFE
to indicate compliance. If any of the requirements are
not met, comments about that are released to the
public.
7
Tests
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e Co 5. Neck injury protection for rear-end collision performance test　［Introduced from FY2009］
c
n
a
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erfor ◇ Testing methods
P
ety
af
S Rear-end collision occurs most commonly among the ⬅
passenger injuries caused by automobile collisions and
most of them are neck injury.
In this test, using a test device, rear-end collision
shocks (velocity change (ΔV), wave shape, etc.) are
given to dummies placed in the driver's or front
passenger's seats. The degree of neck protection
performance is judged on a scale in 4 levels based on
the shock the neck suffered.
This test reproduces rear-end collision shocks when a
car crashes into a parked car which is the same in
mass at a rate of around 32km/h (velocity change(ΔV)
of 17.6km/h). Please note that evaluations in this test
⬅
may be different from actual rear-end collision
accidents due to differences in collision speed, mass,
passenger's posture/physical size and seat's adjustment
position.
This test will be conducted at a velocity change(ΔV) of
20.0km/h from FY2012.
○ Dummy for neck injury protection for
rear-end collision performance test
The BioRID-IIs dummy, which was developed especially
for rear-end collision tests, is used. BioRID-IIs dummy
approx. 32km/h
specifications are similar to that of the Hybrid III dummy
velocity change
(175 cm in height and 78 kg in mass (about 85 kg
including attachments)).
17.6km/h
◇ Evaluation method
In order to evaluate injuries of dummy's neck, Neck converted into a four-point score using a point-
Injury Criterion (NIC) as injury values to evaluate conversion function used for automobile assessment in
"neck's S-shaped deformation" which occurs before the United States and Europe. The result is multiplied
head contacts to the head restraint (Phase 1) and neck by the weight coefficient for this type of accident. These
load/moment as injury values to evaluate maximum scores are then added together to get the total, which is
head-tilt after head contacts to the head restraint then evaluated to one of 4 levels.
(Phase 2) are measured. These values are then
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Weight Overall points
Injury indicator Points (a) (b) (a)x(b) Backset ContactBbeancdkwinagrd- Fbeonrwdainrgd-
Neck Injury Criterion: NIC 0 to 4 points × 1 ＝ 0 to 4 points S-shaped
deformation
Fx (Shearing load (back of the head))
N Fz (Tensile load (upper direction))
ec Upper neck
k lo My (Moment of flexion) 0 to 4 points
ad a My (Moment of reflection) (the lowest × 2 ＝ 0 to 8 points
nd Fx (Shearing load (back of the head)) value is
m chosen)
o Fz (Tensile load (upper direction))
m Lower neck
en My (Moment of flexion)
t
My (Moment of reflection)
Total 0 to 12
points
8
Tests
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◇ Interpretation of evaluation results Co
e
c
n
a
m
Four-color coding and points out of 12 are shown erfor
P
asecacto.r dFiunrgth teor mthoer ed, riinv eorr'dse sr etaot aacncudr afrtoenlyt dpiaffsesreenngtieart'es Neck injury pproertefocrtmioann fcoer rteesatr-end collision Safety
between the evaluations of different vehicles, a
Driver’s
Point 11.50
standard of neck injury protection for rear-end collision seat
performance is set based on current commercially-
Passenger
Point 8.50
available vehicles. Orange represents up to 5 points out seat
of 12 and the rest of the range is divided into three
parts; yellow (more than 5 points but 8 or less), light
green (more than 8 points but 10 or less) and green
(more than 10 points).
◇ “Neck injury protection for rear-end collision performance evaluation” injury risks by color
Each color represents a estimated probability of
100
serious neck injury at a residual disability level 89
(WAD2+risk). ％ 80
In this probability, a standard of neck injury sk 66
Ri 60
protection performance for rear-end collision is set ＋ 44
based on current commercially-available vehicles. D2 40
Orange (5 points or less) represents 89% or higher, A
W 20 15
yellow (more than 5 points but 8 or less) represents 66
to 89%, light green (more than 8 points but 10 or less) 0
0 2 4 5 6 8 10 12
represents 44 to 66% and green (more than 10 points)
Score
represents 15 to 44%.
【Relation between WAD2+Risk and total points】
Please note that this injury probability is calculated
on the basis of injury values when the volicity change
is 17.6km/h (reproduction of collision shocks when a
car crashes into a parked car which is the same in
mass at a rate of around 32km/h) and the passengers
are seated normally and may be different from actual
rear-end collision accidents due to differences in
collision speed, mass, passenger’s posture/physical size
and seat adjustment position.
※WAD : Whiplash Associated Disorders
9
Tests
on Chapter 2 Pedestrian Protection Performance Evaluation Tests
aris
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C
e
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an 1. Pedestrian head protection performance tests
m
or
erf
ety P ◇ Testing methods
af
S
Car accidents in which pedestrians are hit by cars Head impactor
moving at a certain speed and their heads collided
against car bonnets or front windshield are assumed.
An adult or a child pedestrian's head simulated
impactor (head impactor) are projected toward the car
bonnet, etc., from the testing machine. The impact
Adult head impactor (165mm
received by the head impactors is measured and then in diameter and 4.5kg in mass)
Child head impactor (165mm in
evaluated using head injury criterion (HIC).
diameter and 3.5kg in mass)
The impacting speed of head in the domestic technical
regulation is 32km/h (The collision speed received by
the pedestrian against the car is equivalent to 40km/h.)
In the Car Assessment, the impact speed increased
10% to 35km/h (Vehicle collision speed is equivalent to
44km/h.)
Impact angles differ according to the shape of the front
part of 3 types of vehicles; sedan, SUV, and One Box.
(1) Impact Test Area
The distance between the ground and the evaluated
areas of the cars,i. e., Wrap Around Distance (WAD) is
measured according to the length of the area where the
pedestrians' heads hit in accidents. Impact location
area for adults and children's head is set based on the
data of actual accidents.
In the crosswise direction, the side line of the impact
test area is from the line obtained by tracing the
contact points between a straight edge and the side of
the bonnet where the straight edge contacts the bonnet
bumper at 45 degrees(Bonnet Side Reference Line) to
the inside half diameter of the head impactor.
(2) Vehicle type and the impact condition
Test vehicles are divided by the vehicle type. Tests are
done in each testing area under each impact condition.
Vehicle type (shape of vehicle front surface)
Vehicle type Definition
Type 1 With the bonnet leading edge height less than 835 mm
Type 2 With the bonnet leading edge height more than 835mm
Type 3 With the bonnet angle more than 30º
Impact Conditions
Test target area (WAD) Area 1 Area 2 Area 3
Impactor 165mm, 4.5kg 165mm, 3.5kg 165mm, 3.5kg
WAD2100
WAD 1700-2100mm 1350-1700mm 1000-1350mm
WAD1700
Adult head Type 1
WAD1000 impactor Bonnet Type 2
Child head Impact Type 3
35km/h
impactor Impact Velocity Type 1
angle Windshield Type 2
Impact
angle Type 3
Type 1 65º 65º 65º
Wrap Around Distance Bonnet Type 2 90º 60º 60º
(WAD) Impact Type 3 50º 25º 25º
Angle Type 1 40º
Windshield Type 2
Type 3 45º
※Pedestrian Head Protection technical regulation that regulates impact relieving performance of the
bonnets will be introduced for passenger cars and certain cargo vehicles.
　This technical regulation has heen introduced accordingly from September
of 2005 (September of 2007 for cars with extremely low vehicle height, cars requiringhigh durability,cargo
cars, full cab over cars, and hybrid cars.)
10