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" em* Be c Libr6ar"y mm IH AFRICA! MA A*R8(383i!58? AMERICAN Boston, 0211 ANCIENT ' LLTT10N, n 1 flfiHV BATTLEl ARMS& AZTECINCA RB0AT®4*i BQQK1"ii BUDDHI^l I)I|G I7m ffA '"Kit i—fr> vC <^*-i*iVi m^*+ ASS* l^fcftltttff I gp OVILWAR COSTIVE OYf CHEMISTRY us CRIME& if' J OK EAGLE&: DAVINCI f BIRDSOFI EARLY •^#nr-ar«nw •c *•• »g^»glC»» electronics; ENERGY) B'OUTDNj FARMS"; EM= FIRSr FLAGJji LYING LADIES! IE f^ •/' R8£f. GOfflLLA,!"" MOTION rTtu: &APE ei# ii <^W pftxil a*x*fli HUMAN IMFRESOsl bUEB|Q\l^ JET H .*—u.* i.AUiUl W< JUDAISM? 4 Hi is *9 «. I* SH" #151 flHSJCT medicin! MONKTj? A' MEDILVAI 'SI iUV mOm Hi ££«« #»IFS MYTHOLOGY NASCAR NATURAL . j> , . . , , . , RENAISSANCE REPT if 15 5UBMARI. ••=»•< WJoof>-«lr$fr: t' THEXAS*3. T1MSE& TRAIN. Eli b^—T^i ff * »sa #*s^ *#•• sp wbmbr *£©, UNIVERSE \AX~G0Gf£ VIETNAM- VIKLNiG VOLCANO& wfath I WITCHES&*- AJi WILD MMAAGGIICC--MMAAKKEERR*^ WOI WORLD WORLD vR I? Eyewitness CAR mm . Eyewitness Headlightbulbsc. L900 Itrr.iri emblem CAR Written by RICHARD SUTTON 1930Bentley 4.5liter DK Publishing, Inc. A Fuelinjector LONDON. NEWYORK. MUNICH, MELBOURNE,andDELHI Projecteditor John Farndon Design Mathewson Bull Managing editor Sophie Mitchell Seniorart editor Julie Harris Editorial director SueUnstead Art director Anne-Marie Bulat Steeringrack REVISEDEDITION Editors BarbaraBerger,LauraBuller Editorialassistant JohnSearcy Publishingdirector BethSutinis Seniordesigner TaiBlanche Designers JessicaLasher,DianaCatherines Photoresearch ChrissyMclntvre Artdirector DirkKaufman DTPdesigner MilosOrlovic Production IvorParker ThisEyewitness®Guidehasbeenconceivedby DorlingKindersleyLimited and EditionsGallimard ThiseditionpublishedintheUnitedStatesin2005 byDKPublishing,Inc. 375HudsonStreet,NewYork,NY10014 06070809109876543 Copyright©1990,©2005DorlingKindersleyLimited Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,stored inaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic, mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorwritten permissionofthecopyrightowner.Published inGreatBritainbyDorling KindersleyLimited. Acatalogrecordforthisbookis availablefromtheLibraryofCongress. ISBN-13:978 756613846(pic) ISBN-13:978 756613938(alb) ColorreproductionbyColourscan,Singapore Printed inChinabyToppanPrintingCo., (Shenzhen)Ltd. Discover more at www.dk.com Telescopic shockabsorber and coil spring Earlysparkplugs Contents 3 LOO Horseless power 8 The pioneers 10 Warning signals 12 Earlysparkplugs Coachbuilt splendor 14 The open road 48 16 Fuel and air Mass-production 50 18 Vital spark Supercharged power 52 20 The drive train way Lighting the 54 22 Smoothing the ride Traveling in style 56 26 Stopping and steering High performance 58 28 Changing wheels American dream 60 30 Riding on air Cars for the city 62 Marques and makes 32 Racing car 64 Did you know? 34 Creating a car 66 36 Car culture The anatomy of a car 68 42 Find out more The driving force 70 44 Glossary How the engine works 72 46 Index Inside the engine . power Horseless NE AFTERNOON in the summer of 1862, a Frenchman named Etienne Lenoir gingerly started the engine he had built and mounted between the wheels of an old horse cart. Minutes later, the little cart was trundling through the Vincennes forest near Paris, moved MAKINGADASHFORIT Thefrontpanelofmany only by the slowly thumping engine. earlycarswasreminiscent It was a historic moment, for Lenoir's ohfortsheec"adrarsihagbeoa-rdso"-coaflltehde self-propelled cart was launched into becauseitsavedthe THEFIRSTCARSOLD a world of horsedrawn carriages and "dcaosahecdh"mabnyffrlyoimngbesitnognes Datingfrom 1888,thisisanadforthe stagecoaches, cart tracks and dust thrownupbythehorses. firstcareversold,KarlBenz's three- roads - a world that would soon vanish Eventoday,acar's wheeler "Patent-Motorwagen." instrumentpanel isstill forever. Lenoir was not the first to build referred toasthedash. a "horseless carriage"; carriages powered by cumbersome steam engines had already been made for almost a century. His breakthrough was the invention of the compact "internal combustion" engine (pp. 42-45), A which worked by burning gas inside a cylinder. few years later, these engines were made to run on gasoline and soon the first experimental motor cars were being built. In 1885, the first car to be sold to the public rolled out of the workshops of Karl Benz in Mannheim in Germany. The age of the automobile had begun. COACHSPRING Earlycarshadcurved ironspringsto smooththeride-justlikethoseused onhorsecoaches throughout the 19thcentury. COACHWORK Coachspring Thefirstmotorcarsowed agreatdealtothehorse carriage. Indeed, many Engine pioneeringcarswere simplyhorsecartswith anengine-whichisone reason theywereknownas TAKEAWAYTHEHORSE .. horseless carriages. Even Thesimilaritiesbetweenhorsecarriages HILL-CLIMBING purpose-builtcarswere and thefirstcarsareobvious.Notethe Manyearlycarscould notclimb usuallymadebya traditional largewheels,boat-shapedbody,high hillsbecausetheyhad nogears; coachbuilder, using centuries- driver'sseat, and dashboard. theysimplycametoa standstill old skillsand and thenrolledbackward. Buton ' techniques. theBenzVictoriaof1890, thedriver wasgivenalevertosliptheleather drivebeltontoa smallpulley.This meantthewheelsturned more slowly,buttheextra leverageenabled thecartoclimbuphill. Thechain- drivenVelohad threeoftheseforward gearpulleysand onereverse. HORSESENSE Massiveflywheelto Thefirstcarswere keeptheengine notoriously unreliable. running smoothly Thiscartoon suggested itmightbejustaswell totakeacoupleof Rearwheelsdriven by horsesalongincaseofa chains loopedarwound breakdown. bigcogsoneitherwheel
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