Captives and Cousins: Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands

432 Pages·2011·5.081 MB·English

by  James F. Brooks

(cid:1)
CAPTIVES COUSINS
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(cid:1)
CAPTIVES COUSINS
slavery, kinship, and community in
the southwest borderlands
J A M E S F . B R O O K S
Publishedforthe
OmohundroInstituteofEarlyAmericanHistoryandCulture,
Williamsburg,Virginia,bythe
UniversityofNorthCarolinaPress,
ChapelHillandLondon
TheOmohundroInstituteof ©2002
TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaPress
EarlyAmericanHistoryandCulture Allrightsreserved
ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
issponsoredjointlybytheCollegeof LibraryofCongress
Cataloging-in-PublicationData
WilliamandMaryandtheColonial Brooks,James,1955–
Captivesandcousins:slavery,kinship,andcommunity
WilliamsburgFoundation.On intheSouthwestborderlands/byJamesF.Brooks.
p.cm.
November15,1996,theInstitute isbn0-8078-2714-2(cloth:alk.paper)
isbn0-8078-5382-8(pbk.:alkpaper)
adoptedthepresentnameinhonor 1.Southwest,New—Ethnicrelations. 2.Southwest,
New—Socialconditions. 3.Spaniards—Southwest,
ofabequestfromMalvernH. New—Socialconditions. 4.IndiansofNorth
America—Southwest,New—Socialconditions.
Omohundro,Jr. 5.Spaniards—Kinship—Southwest,New—History.
6.IndiansofNorthAmerica—Kinship—Southwest,
New—History. 7.Slavery—Southwest,New—History.
8.Sexrole—Southwest,New—History. 9.Southwest,
New—Colonization—Socialaspects. 10.Culture
conflict—Southwest,New—History. I.Omohundro
InstituteofEarlyAmericanHistory&Culture.
II.Title.
f790.a1b76 2002
305.8'00976—dc21 2001058528
Thepaperinthisbookmeetstheguidelinesfor
permanenceanddurabilityoftheCommitteeon
ProductionGuidelinesforBookLongevityofthe
CouncilonLibraryResources.
Aportionoftheauthor’sroyaltiesfromthesaleofthis
bookarepaidtotheKatrinH.LamonEndowmentfor
NativeAmericanArtandEducationattheSchoolof
AmericanResearch,SantaFe,NewMexico.
06 05 04 03 5 4 3 2
For
FrancesLeonQuintana,
awomanofvision.
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contents
ListofMaps,Illustrations,andTables viii
one.Violence,Exchange,andtheHonorofMen 1
Maps 41
two. LosLlaneros:CreatingaPlainsBorderland 45
three. LosPastores:CreatingaPastoralBorderland 80
four. LosMontañeses:TraversingBorderlands 117
five. ElaboratingthePlainsBorderlands 160
six. Commerce,Kinship,andCoercion 208
seven. PeaksandValleys:TheBorderlandsSpeak 258
eight. CloserandCloserApart 304
Epilogue.RefugioGurriolaMartínez 361
Chronology 369
GlossaryofSpanishandNativeAmericanTerms 373
appendix a. NavajoLivestockandCaptiveRaids,1780–1864 377
appendix b. NewMexicanLivestockandCaptiveRaids,1780–1864 382
appendix c. NewMexicanPeonageandSlaveryHearings,1868 385
Acknowledgments 405
Index 409
maps, illustrations, and tables
maps
Map1.SouthwestBorderlands,c.1780 41
Map2.PastoralandMountainBorderlands,c.1800 42
Map3.NewMexico,c.1800 43
Map4.SouthwestBorderlands,c.1840 44
illustrations
Figure1.FrancesCanyonRuin 96
Figure2.Spanish-stylecornerfireplace 97
Figure3.SegesserI(buffalohidepainting) 122
Figure4.SixKiowaMen 172
Figure5.WildHorsesontheSouthernPlains 176
Figure6.Cassulan,HisWife,andTiah-na-zi 179
Figure7.TheSpanishGirl 189
Figure8.LagerderKiowäyIndianer 192
Figure9.ComancheRanchería 227
Figure10.TheLittleSpaniard 267
Figure11.ComanchesMeetingU.S.Dragoons 269
Figure12.KaiowaIndiansRemovingCamp 270
Figure13.AKiowayIndianonaMule,—inHisWar-dress 272
Figure14.Navajos 294
Figure15.Comanches 323
Figure16.Toro-Mucho,ChiefofaBandofKioways 325
Figure17.LawrieTatum,FirstKiowaAgent 353
Figure18.Vittoriano,aMexican-KiowaCaptive 355
Figure19.AndrésMartínez 357
Figure20.UteIndiansatPlay 359
tables
Table1.CensusoftheProvinceofNewMexico,1757–1758 104
Table2.BaptismsofSelectedNon-PuebloIndians,1700–1800 146
Table3.BaptismsofSelectedNon-PuebloIndians,1800–1880 235
Youcannotbuildbridgesbetweenthewanderingislands;
TheMindhasnoneighbors,andtheunteachableheart
Announcesitsarmisticetimeaftertime,butspends
Itslovetodrawthemcloserandcloserapart.
—A.D.Hope(1955)