Capacity and Awareness Building on Import Risk Analysis for Aquatic Animals

220 Pages·2004·1.26 MB·English

Capacity and Awareness Building on Import Risk
Analysis (IRA) for Aquatic Animals (FWG 01/2002)
Report of the Joint
APEC/FAO/NACA/OIE/DOF – THAILAND/ INP/ CONAPESCA/SAGARPA Workshops
Bangkok, Thailand 1-6 April 2002 and Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico 12-17 August 2002
Report prepared by:
J. Richard Arthur and M.G. Bondad-Reantaso (editors) C
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Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA)
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Copyright © 2004 APEC Secretriat )
Department of Fisheries,
APEC Secretariat Thailand
35 Heng Mui Keng Terrace
Singapore 119616
Tel: [phone] / Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.apec.org
APEC Publication Number: APEC#203-FS-01.2
CAPACITY AND AWARENESS BUILDING ON
IMPORT RISK ANALYSIS (IRA) FOR AQUATIC
ANIMALS (FWG/01/2002)
REPORT OF THE JOINT
APEC/FAO/NACA/OIE/DOF – THAILAND/INP/
CONAPESCA/SAGARPA WORKSHOPS
Bangkok, Thailand
1-6 April 2002
and
Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico
12-17 August 2002
APEC/FAO/NACA/OIE/DOF – THAILAND/INP/
CONAPESCA/SAGARPA
May 2004
i
ii
Report prepared by:
J. Richard Arthur and M.G. Bondad-Reantaso (editors)
Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA)
Suraswadi Building
Department of Fisheries
Kasetsart University Campus
Ladyao, Jatujak
Bangkok, 10900
Thailand
Tel: + 66 2 561 1728 (to 29)
Fax: + 66 2 561 1727
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.enaca.org
Report prepared for:
Copyright © 2004 APEC Secretariat
APEC Secretariat
35 Heng Mui Keng Terrace
Singapore 119616
Tel: + 65 6775 6012
Fax: + 65 6775 6013
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.apecsec.org.sg
Reference:
J.R. Arthur and M.G. Bondad-Reantaso. (eds.) 2004. Capacity and Awareness Building on Import
Risk Analysis (IRA) for Aquatic Animals. Proceedings of the Workshops held 1-6 April
2002 in Bangkok, Thailand and 12-17 August 2002 in Mazatlan, Mexico. APEC FWG 01/
2002, NACA, Bangkok. 203p.
APEC Publication Number: APEC#203-FS-01.2
ISBN: 974-92215-1-6
iii
Table of Contents
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii
2 BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT AND WORKSHOP ix
3 SUMMARY WORKSHOP REPORT xv
4 TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS 1
4.1 BACKGROUND FOR RISK ANALYSIS 1
A Brief Review of International Trade in Live Aquatic Animals 1
J.R. Arthur
Trans-boundary Aquatic Animal Diseases/Pathogens 9
M.G. Bondad-Reantaso
Risks of Species Introduction 23
R.P. Subasinghe and D. Bartley
Risks of Chemical Usage in Aquaculture 33
R.P. Subasinghe
Disease Surveillance 37
C. Baldock
Aquatic Animal Disease Zoning 43
B.J. Hill
Databases for Import Risk Analysis 51
J.R. Arthur
Role of the OIE Fish Diseases Commission in Aquatic Animal Health Management 55
B.J. Hill
4.2 THE RISK ANALYSIS PROCESS 59
Risk Analysis in Aquaculture and Aquatic Animal Health 59
C.J. Rodgers
Experiences from the livestock sector: OIE Risk Analysis Framework and 65
Obligations for WTO Members under the SPS Agreement
N.J. Murray
Current Limitations in the Use of Risk Analysis on Aquatic Organisms 75
P. M. Hine
Recommendations from the OIE Conference on Risk Analysis in Aquatic Animal 81
Health (Paris, February 2000)
C.J. Rodgers
4.3 RISK ANALYSIS AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: 85
COUNTRY EXPERIENCES
Lessons from WTO disputes: Salmon, an Importing Country Perspective 85
P. Beers
Salmon Exports from the United States to Australia, Canada, and Chile - Case 91
Histories in Import Risk Analysis
K.H. Amos
Social Justice Litigation: the CIT and WTO. “Setting the Record Straight on 97
Sea Turtles and Shrimp”
D.A. Balton
iv
4.4 NATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 103
Development of National Strategies on Aquatic Animal Health in Asia-Pacific 103
M.G. Bondad-Reantaso
The Import Risk Analysis Process In Australia 109
R. Perera
Canada’s National Aquatic Animal Health Program 115
G. Olivier
Canada’s National Code on Introductions and Transfers of Aquatic Organisms 119
G. Olivier
Safe Control of Aquatic Products in China 123
F. Xiangguo
Framework for the Control of Aquatic Animal Disease in Japanese Aquaculture 127
M. Masuda and N. Oseko
The Development of Import Risk Analysis (IRA) in Relation to the History of 131
New Zealand
P.M. Hine
Import Risk Analysis: the Philippine Experience 135
J.O. Paclibare, J.R. Somga and M.G. Trio
Strategies for Aquatic Animal Health Management in Thailand 139
S. Kanchanakhan and S. Chinabut
The Role of the Private Sector in Import Risk Analysis and its Implementation 143
D.F. Fegan
National Aquatic Animal Health Plan for the United States of America 147
K.H. Amos
ANNEXES 151
Annex I: Workshop Programs 153
I(A) – 1st Training/Workshop 155
I(B) – 2nd Training/Workshop 161
Annex II: Lists of Participants 167
II(A) – 1st Training/Workshop 167
II(B) – 2nd Training/Workshop 175
Annex III: Working Group Recommendations 185
III(A) – 1st Training/Workshop 187
III(A)(i) – Working Group 1 Recommendations 187
III(A)(ii) – Working Group 2 Recommendations 189
III(A)(iii) – Working Group 3 Recommendations 191
III(B) – 2nd Training/Workshop 195
III(B)(i) – Working Group 1 Recommendations 195
III(B)(ii) – Working Group 2 Recommendations 197
III(B)(iii) – Working Group 3 Recommendations 199
Annex IV: List of Acronyms and Abbreviations 201
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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Fisheries Working Group project APEC FWG 01/2002 “Ca-
pacity and Awareness Building on Import Risk Analysis (IRA) for Aquatic Animals”, proposed in 2000
during the 12th Meeting of the APEC FWG, was successfully implemented in 2002-2004. This project is
a follow-up of two recently concluded APEC FWG projects - 03/2000 “Joint APEC/FAO/NACA/
SEMARNAP-Mexico Ad-Hoc Expert Consultation on Trans-boundary Aquatic Animal Pathogen Trans-
fer and Development of Harmonised Standards on Aquaculture Health Management” and 02/2000 “De-
velopment of a Regional Research Programme on Grouper Virus Transmission and Vaccine Develop-
ment”. Both projects identified the need to build capacity and awareness on import risk analysis (IRA) for
movement of aquatic animals in APEC economies. The objectives of the project are: (a) to organize the
first Asia-Pacific/Americas training course/expert workshop on IRA for aquatic animals, (b) to develop a
manual on IRA for aquatic animals, (c) to establish a network of people involved in conducting IRAs for
aquatic animals, and (d) to facilitate exchange of experience and expertise on IRA.
The Department of Fisheries (DOF) of Thailand served as Project Overseer, with the Network of Aquac-
ulture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA) (supported by three technical consultants) as project contractor/
implementor. Three local government institutions in Mexico, the Instituto Nacional de la Pesca (INP), the
Comisión Nacional de Acuacultura y Pesca (CONAPESCA) and the Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderóa,
Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA), organized the training/workshop in Mazatlan,
Mexico. A number of collaborating partner institutions supported the implementation of this project. The
Office International des ópizooties (OIE) Regional Representation for Asia-Pacific (based in Tokyo,
Japan) provided support for an IRA expert (at that time based in Switzerland). OIE also supported the
participation of one Fish Diseases Commission (FDC) member and an FDC expert, and the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) provided support to representatives from 13 coun-
tries in Latin America, as well as translation services during the event in Mazatlan. A number of other
regional institutions/organizations (e.g., the Mekong River Commission (MRC), the Secretariat of the
Pacific Community (SPC), the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA/SUMA-Vietnam),
the Bangladesh Global Environment Facility (GEF) Project, Intervet Singapore, and the Organismo
Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (OIRSA)) also supported additional participants. APEC
economies supported their own participants (e.g., Australia, Canada, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong China,
Japan, Korea RO and the United States of America), while NACA provided travel and subsistence sup-
port to seven NACA member governments.
The two training/workshops were successfully conducted in Bangkok, Thailand (1-6 April 2002) and
Mazatlan, Mexico (12-17 August 2002). A total of 130 participants comprised of regulatory authorities,
administrators and aquatic animal health specialists responsible for trade of live aquatic animals partici-
pated in the two training/workshops. The participants represented 37 countries in the Asia-Pacific (i.e.,
Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Canada, China, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong China, India, Indonesia,
Japan, Korea RO, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Thailand and Vietnam) and the Americas (i.e., Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecua-
dor, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, the United States of America
and Venezuela). These training/workshops not only provided a venue to raise awareness and enable better
understanding of the concepts of IRA, they also fostered better communication between government rep-
resentatives and aquatic animal health specialists on issues related to aquatic animal movement, and
enhanced subregional, regional and international cooperation on issues related to aquaculture health and
trade of aquatic animals.
vii
The number of economies taking part in the two workshops and the participation of non-APEC econo-
mies, FAO and NACA member governments and collaborating partner organizations such as OIE, MRC,
SPC, DANIDA, OIRSA and private-sector representatives demonstrate the great value of this APEC
initiated activity and APEC’s important role in supporting responsible aquaculture, trade and health man-
agement practices for better productivity, increased and stable contribution to food security, promotion of
sustainable aquaculture and preservation of biodiversity.
This report, which contains 26 technical presentations, is divided into four parts: (a) Background for Risk
Analysis, (b) The Risk Analysis Process, (c) Risk Analysis and the World Trade Organization: Country
Experiences and (d) National Strategies for Aquatic Animal Health. Four annexes are also included con-
taining the (a) Workshop Programs, (b) Lists of Participants, (c) Working Group Recommendations and
(d) List of Acronyms and Abbreviations.
viii
2 BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT
AND WORKSHOP
Background
During recent years, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) through its Fisheries Working Group
(FWG) has intensified support to activities relating to aquatic animal health management in the Asia-
Pacific.
The project APEC FWG 01/2002 “Capacity and Awareness Building on Import Risk Analysis (IRA) for
Aquatic Animals” is a follow-up activity to one of the major recommendations of two recently concluded
APEC FWG projects - 03/2000 “Joint APEC/FAO/NACA/SEMARNAP-Mexico Ad-Hoc Expert Con-
sultation on Trans-boundary Aquatic Animal Pathogen Transfer and Development of Harmonised Stan-
dards on Aquaculture Health Management” (APEC/FAO/NACA/SEMARNAP 2001) and 02/2000 “De-
velopment of a Regional Research Programme on Grouper Virus Transmission and Vaccine Develop-
ment” (APEC/AAHRI/FHS-AFS/NACA 2001). Both projects identified the need to build capacity and
awareness on import risk analysis (IRA) for movement of aquatic animals in APEC economies.
A comprehensive “Puerto Vallarta Action Plan1” resulted from APEC FWG 03/2000, an expert consulta-
tion held in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico on 24-28 July 2000. The plan incorporated a wide range of
recommendations for short, medium and long-term implementation to control the spread of serious aquatic
animal pathogens, and was adopted by the 49 workshop participants representing 17 APEC economies
and FAO and NACA member governments. One major emphasis was on the special need for capacity
building on risk analysis, procedures for monitoring and disease surveillance, standardization and valida-
tion of diagnostics methods, extension services, and contingency planning for emergency disease situa-
tions. The recommendations considered an important role for APEC in capacity building and support for
harmonization of aquatic animal health standards between member economies in the Asia-Pacific Region.
The need for FAO, along with OIE, to promote broader international cooperation in aquatic animal health
management, and a role for NACA in supporting further development of aquatic animal health capacity
building within the Asia-Pacific Region were also recognized. The workshop requested that APEC sup-
port the implementation of the “Puerto Vallarta Action Plan” by developing suitable projects.
The second project, APEC FWG 02/2000 “Development of a Regional Research Programme on Grouper
Virus Transmission and Vaccine Development”, held in 18-20 October 2000 in Bangkok, Thailand and
attended by 37 participants from 12 economies including representatives from the private sector, devel-
oped a “Regional Research Program on Grouper Health and Production” that strongly recommended two
related subprojects on (a) development of regional standards, including establishment and harmonization
of import/export protocols, health certificates and general health certification requirements and (b) import
risk assessment processes and hazard identification, under Component 5 on Responsible Trans-boundary
Movement of Live Groupers.
Both projects emphasized the importance of effective cooperation between countries within APEC, be-
tween states and the private sector, and within and between regions to harmonize aquatic animal health
management measures and promote responsible trans-boundary movement of aquatic animals, ultimately
contributing to improvements in the trade of aquatic animals and their products and to social and eco-
nomic development through aquaculture.
1 APEC FWG 03/2000 “Joint APEC/FAO/NACA/SEMARNAP-Mexico Ad-Hoc Expert Consultation on Trans-boundary Aquatic Animal
Pathogen Transfer and Development of Harmonised Standards on Aquaculture Health Management” was held in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco,
Mexico in July 24-28, 2000. It was hosted by the Government of Mexico and attended by participants from 17 APEC economies, FAO
and NACA member countries.
ix