Table Of Content

Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. | Canopy Penetration in.) United States. : Ww ° Department of 2 : - Almond Orchards Agriculture © Bee Forest Service Part3 : Biological Forest Health . Protection — Response Within The | - Forest Health -: Technology Canopy. Enterprise Team- Davis ' 2121C Second Street Davis, CA 95616 ~~ FHTET 96-04 February 1996. Avoid prolonged inhalation of pesticide sprays or dusts; wea clothing and equipment, if specified on the label. ~ If your hands become contaminated with a pesticide, do not eat or drink until you have washed. In case a pesticide is swallowed or gets in the eyes, follow the first aid treatment given on the label, and get prompt medical ‘attention. If a pesticide is spilled on your skin or clothing, temove clothing A pomenaely and wast skin thoroughly i NOTE: Some States have reariclicns on the use of _ certain pesticides. Check your State and local regula-- tions. Also, because registrations of pesticides are under - - constant review. by the: U.S Environmental Protection Agency, consult your. local forest pathologist, county agriculture agent, or State extension specialist to be sure the intended use js still registered, FHTET 96-04 (C.D.I. Technical Note 95-15) February 1996 CANOPY PENETRATION IN ALMOND ORCHARDS PART 3: BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE WITHIN THE CANOPY Prepared by: Alina Z. MacNichol Milton E. Teske Continuum Dynamics, Inc. P.O. Box 3073 Princeton, NJ 08543 Contract No. 53-0343-4-00009 Prepared for: USDA Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team 2121C Second Street Davis, CA 95616 (916) 757-8341 voice (916) 757-8383 fax John W. Barry Project Officer Foreword The USDA Forest Service (Forest Pest Management staff) and its cooperators, conducted studies in an almond orchard at the Hennigan almond orchard, Chico, California, during 1985 and 1994. The purpose of the studies was to characterize the penetration and deposition of aerial sprays into deciduous tree canopies. The replicated Studies provided additional opportunities to evaluate sampling techniques, drift and environmental fate; to validate the FSCBG aerial spray dispersion model;. and to compare biological response to dose deposition. Orchards, with their relative uniformity of canopy Structure and density, are ideal for conduct of such studies. John W. Barry, USDA Forest Service, designed and conducted the studies, and Milton E. Teske and Alina Z. MacNichol, Continuum Dynamics, Inc., performed the data analyses. The results are reported in a three-part report series as follows: il. n ion in Alm r Part 1: Efficiency of Deposition within the Canopy USDA/FPM Report 96-3 #4. n ion in Alm rchar Part 2: FSCBG Simulation of Drop Deposition and Downwind Drift USDA/FHTET Report 96-03 SY. n ion i m rch Part 3: Biological Response within the Canopy USDA/FHTET Report 96-04 The 1994 study was made possible by the outstanding cooperation of Bob Hennigan, Frank Zalom, Gary Kirfman, Joe Connell, Harold Thistle, and Pat Skyler; and similarly the 1985 study was made et by Bob Hennigan, Bruce Grim, Jim Keetch, and Bob Ekblad. J.W. Barry Davis, CA November 17, 1995 honey . -: oA Mitips oF tow Bice eget teed een nae) ai wee wy wert jc tee a “uns i $ es 7: inl fed em<sa oe sh oi a r < 2 aie ae ere ie oe: Urey 7 ae mig 855 Se _ “qe wh! sgh 4c po aap 7 : nage te oi fes tal ayn Stes PEaet a , a a Pegs MOTES EIN Pe 7G eadihee coher abate 'y “spilt fLa ‘hot th sien ahh hee Ne Re ee Bennie =e. AY ee ar Je fay rire tees Se i ee, Pa PS Vas Oe wink Age [QOS . ee 5 SGT eee OW aot) ae > tedT ar tae ee) se sree ee > =a serge nn i“ y 4 at te in Ce a 4 ca 7 bed 7 ; , . ~ i : on LE i)? ) 1 ‘Meet Zl Lite damp ‘ond 6 Lt 4 eth er sored Pl 2M ge Sar Fastrisa cet seine a m | 203.0) fe ere Rasen a) 7 * : 7 CTR Divi i aes See f Ps i = a i" “ o See p> © «@ Seles 4 ‘ye Pe ae 7 stu ae 1%; . ra wl q - ‘ < “ e @ o hes i @ : af jnae q =. w “we 7 nd J pe“ al 7 bas youna ) a “oee re T" o + — -_ To. 2 ; : _ . ahe ,3 o-- ae A oth, vei. la = An.e a, ye = — : - : ‘ bs 74 pagar bat oe “ce apart ‘vote a”) f > = = tre? : ss | Y. e) 2 ‘aa y ias RGge es.T T fOa:e c qsuatlelald / ) : ; r-s é Ee an Pade way putt tg gu * & thay ah wet a i iy - pase oy ey eFiudi anes pee ee 7 a ah eh aN> eierelieael seas * ener an - it Executive Summary This paper examines the efficacy of different forms of treatment in controlling peach twig borer in a broadleaf (almond) canopy. For each stage of flower and foliage, a formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was applied aerially in three phases. Each phase represented a different type of application (different spray volume, Bt concentration, and atomization) and was conducted over specific portions of the orchard. The number of peach twig borer larvae surviving each of the Bt treatment phases at two different stages of tree foliage were recorded using two methods: by counting the number of live pupae on cardboard bands around sample trees, and by counting the number of shoot strikes made by live insects on replanted trees. Predator spiders were also found in the sample tree bands. Results from predator spiders, peach twig borer pupae, and shoot strike counts are normalized by data from "untreated" (control) areas to determine insect survivability after each type of Bt treatment. Both sets of peach twig borer data (pupae and shoot strikes) are in good agreement, and dose-response plots are generated showing the survivability of peach twig borer at different application rates of NOVO Biobit XL (Bt). As expected, the larger the application rate of the biopesticide, the higher the insect mortality achieved. Response of the peach twig borer to Bt application during the 1994 Hennigan Orchard field trials provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate the dose-response of a target species in a broadleaf canopy at different stages of flower and foliage development. Pe ae. er unt dius oT 1 sees at ah Oise Pome wire [yom Ee anasty NI Cals hie ean ; Wi lee? anit i .@ \hetricee Tel? jae 5 ES. ‘eta ot Digdts od Lo Fis sof ase 1 1 henge UT Gy thats oy poets nee verah n ee 08 ij TA ele | ath yanes FO abe raan Ox gars ane sieo e our wigs einer yt Gran eed oe ee Wigs) Pern 45 welt Sey} ale FSW Peis eeeeers ecte CAeee e ie dng wf ai Cy eee oe ieee eee By PB sik Theale Mag) GAgd wrote Steam a para "inn ous ee - v feta <P 4s of maroc at <3 Wnty, Lytx ‘pil 7 hairs Pat ast aia : "ve ro gw = {a ie Rained 8 POS hah me > Loe a uf haere eA 10D IK Shi Oe be sem ed ee eae ae Gite tig Bead co 1 ae Para ay 1 ie aac ve A cho siouuegr, Pa’ oe) Sdpeh acticatogs |4 oO 1mnG ares Noe “T ee a PUD Mit ant A) seer eo: Wo Poh nara ot hole ery anty ah rip Raed, ictal sy egend Lab vou wah WS rat nate ~ a~<&