Cancer Imaging with Radiolabeled Antibodies

468 Pages·1990·6.66 MB·English

by  David M. Goldenberg (auth.)

Cancer Imaging with Radiolabeled Antibodies
Cancer Treatment and Research
WILLIAM L. MCGUIRE, series editor
Livingston, R.B. (ed): Lung Cancer 1. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2394-9.
Humphrey G.B., DehnerL.P., Grindey G.B., Acton, R.T. (eds): Pediatric Oncology 1. ISBN 90-274-2408-2.
Decosse J.J., Sherlock P. (eds): Gastrointestinal Cancer 1. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2461-9.
Bennett J.M. (ed): Lymphomas 1, including Hodgkin's Disease. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2479-1
Bloomfield C.D. (ed): Adult Leukemias 1. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2478-3.
Paulson D.F. (ed): Genitourinary Cancer 1. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2480-5.
Muggia F.M. (ed): Cancer Chemotherapy 1. 1983. ISBN 90-247-2713-8.
HumphreyG.B., Grindey G.B. (eds): Pancreatic Tumors in Children. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2702-2.
CostanziJ.J. (ed): Malignant Melanoma 1. 1983. ISBN 90-247-2706-5.
GriffithsC.T., Fuller A.F. (eds): Gynecologic Oncology. 1983. ISBNO-89838-555-S.
Greco A.F. (ed): Biology and Management of Lung Cancer. 1983. ISBN 0-89838-554-7.
Walker M.D. (ed): Oncology of the Nervous System. 1983. ISBN 0-89838-567-9.
Higby D.J. (ed): Supportive Care in Cancer Therapy. 1983. ISBN 0-89838-569-5.
Herberman R.B. (ed): Basic and Clinical Tumor Immunology. 1983. ISBN 0-89838-579-2.
Baker L.H. (ed): Soft Tissue Sarcomas. 1983. ISBN 0-89838-584-9.
Bennett J.M. (ed): Controversies in the Management of Lymphomas. 1983. ISBN 0-89838-586-5.
Humphrey G.B., Grindey G.B. (eds): Adrenal and Endocrine Tumors in Children. 1983. ISBN 0-89838-590-3.
DeCosse J.l., Sherlock P. (eds): Clinical Management of Gastrointestinal Cancer. 1984. ISBN 0-89838-601-2.
Catalona W.J., Ratliff, T.L. (cds): Urologic Oncology. 1984. ISBN 0-89838-628-4.
Santen R.J., Manni A. (eds): Diagnosis and Management of Endocrine-related Tumors. 1984.
ISBN 0-89838·636-5.
Costanzi J.J. (ed): Clinical Management of Malignant Melanoma. 1984. ISBN 0-89838-656-X.
Wolf G.T. (ed): Head and Neck Oncology. 1984. ISBN 0-89838-657-8.
Alberts D.S., Surwit E.A. (eds): Ovarian Cancer. 1985. ISBN 0-89838-676-4.
Muggia, F .M. (ed): Experimental and Clinical Progress in Cancer Chemotherapy. 1985. ISBN 0-89838-679-9.
Higby D.l. (ed): Issues in Supportive Care of Cancer Patients. 1986. ISBN 0-89838-816-3.
Surwit E. A., Alberts D. S. (eds): Cervix Cancer. 1987. ISBN 0-89838-822-8.
Jacobs C. (ed): Cancers ofthe Head and Neck. 1987. ISBN 0-89838-825-2.
MacDonald J .S. (ed): Gastrointestinal Oncology. 1987. ISBN 0-89838-829-5.
RatliffT.L., Catalona W.J. (eds): Genitourinary Cancer. 1987. ISBN 0-89838-830-9.
Nathanson L. (ed): Basic and Clinical Aspects of Malignant Melanoma. 1987. ISBN 0-89838-856-2.
Muggia F.M. (ed): Concepts, Clinical Developments, and Therapeutic Advances in Cancer Chemotherapy.
1987. ISBN 0-89838-879-5.
Frankel A.E. (ed): Immunotoxins. 1988. ISBN 0-89838-984-4.
Bennett J .M. , Foon K.A. (eds): Immunologic Approaches to the Classification and Management of
Lymphomas and Leukemias. 1988. ISBN 0-89838-355-2.
Osborne C.K. (ed): Endocrine Therapies in Breast and Prostate Cancer. 1988. ISBN 0-89838-365-X.
Lippman M.E., Dickson R. (eds): Breast Cancer: Cellular and Molecular Biology. 1988. ISBN 0-89838-368-4.
Kamps W.A., Humphrey G.B., Poppcma S. (eds): Hodgkin's Disease in Children: Controversies and Current
Practice. 1988. ISBN 0-89838-372-2.
Muggia F.M. (ed): Cancer Chemotherapy: Concepts, Clinical Investigations and Therapeutic Advances. 1988.
ISBN 0-89838-381-1.
Nathanson L. (ed): Malignant Melanoma: Biology, Diagnosis, and Therapy. 1988. ISBN 0-89838-384-6.
Pinedo H.M., Verweij J. (eds): Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcomas. 1989. ISBN 0-89838-391-9.
Hansen H. H. (ed): Basic and Clinical Concepts of Lung Cancer. 1989. ISBN 0-7923-0153-6.
Lepor H., RatliffT.L. (eds): Urologic Oncology. 1989. ISBN 0-7923-0161-7.
Benz c., Liu E. (eds): Oncogenes. 1989. ISBN 0-7923-0237-0.
Ozols R.F. (ed): Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapy. 1989. ISBN 0-7923-0244-3.
Surwit E.A., Alberts D.S. (eds): Endometrial Cancer. 1989. ISBN 0-7923-0286-9.
Champlin R. , (ed): Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1990. ISBN 0-7923-0612-0.
Cancer Imaging with
Radiolabeled Antibodies
Edited by
DAVID M. GOLDENBERG, Sc.D., M.D.
Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology,
at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Newark, New Jersey, USA
.....
"
1990 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
BOSTON I DORDRECHTI LONDON
Distributors for North America:
Kluwer Academic Publishers
101 Philip Drive
Assinippi Park
Norwell, Massachusetts 02061 USA
Distributors for all other countries:
Kluwer Academic Publishers Group
Distribution Centre
Post Office Box 322
3300 AH Dordrecht, THE NETHERLANDS
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cancer imaging with radiolabeled antibodies/edited by David M.
Goldenberg.
p. cm. - (Cancer treatment and research)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-8805-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-1497-4
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1497-4
1. Cancer-Radioimmunoimaging. I. Goldberg, David M., 1938-
II. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Antibodies, Monoclonal-diagnostic use. 2. Antibodies,
Neoplasm. 3. Isotope Labeling. 4. Neoplasms - radionuclide imaging.
WI CA693/QZ241 C2145]
RC270.3.R33C36 1990
616.99'407575 - dc20
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 89-71628
CIP
Copyright © 1990 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission
of the publisher, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi
Park, Norwell, Massachusetts 02061.
Cancer Treatment and Research
Foreword
Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis
or management of a particular malignancy? The few general oncology text
books are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journals are
informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often preliminary
reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals
frequently publish good in-depth reviews of cancer topics, and published
symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Unfortunately,
these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never
be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered.
Cancer Treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes that
aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass of oncology
literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the
coverage up to date, and easily available on a single library shelf or by a single
personal subscription.
We have approached the problem in the following fashion: first, by
dividing the oncology literature into specific subdivisions such as lung cancer,
genitourinary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc.; and second, by asking eminent
authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an
annual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume
appearing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging,
markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more.
In Cancer Treatment and Research, we have an outstanding group of
editors, each having made a major commitment to bring to this new series the
very best literature in his or her field. Kluwer Academic Publishers has made
an equally major commitment to the rapid publication of high-quality books
and to worldwide distribution.
Where can you go to find quickly a recent authoritative article on any
major oncology problem? We hope that Cancer Treatment and Research
provides an answer.
WILLIAM L. MCGUIRE
Series Editor
vii
Table of Contents
Foreword to the Series v
Preface ...................................................... xi
List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XlII
I. Historical and Theoretical Perspectives ...................... . 1
1. Clinical radioimmunodetection: The second decade 3
D.M. GOLDENBERG
2. Antibody targeting: Theoretical considerations 11
A. BRADWELL, P. DYKES, andG. THOMAS
II. Model Systems ........................................... 27
3. Experimental model systems for antibody targeting and
radioimmunodetection .................................... 29
R.D. BLUMENTHAL, R.M. SHARKEY, and D.M. GOLDENBERG
4. Preclinical models and methods for the study of radio labeled
monoclonal antibodies in cancer diagnosis and therapy ......... 53
S.A. SHAH and H. SANDS
5. Physiology of monoclonal antibody accretion by tumors . . . . . . . . . 97
H. SANDS and P.L. JONES
6. Intraperitoneal delivery of monocfonal antibodies 123
R.L. WAHL
III. Radiochemistry 151
7. Chelates and antibodies: Current methods and new directions ... 153
O.A. GANSOW, M.W. BRECHBIEL, S. MIRZADEH, D. COLCHER, and
M. ROSELLI
viii
8. Radiolabeling antibodies via the cyclic anhydride of DTPA-
Experiences of 5 years ..................................... 173
D.l. HNATOWICH
9. Bifunctional chelating agents for radiometal-Iabeled
monoclonal antibodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 183
R. SUBRAMANIAN and e.F. MEARES
10. Optimization of biodistribution by introducing different
chemical linkages between antibody and an indium-Ill chelate 201
S.M. QUADRI, C.H. PAIK, R.e. REBA, and W.-P. HONG
11. Novel bifunctional linkers for antibody chelation with
radiometals .............................................. 215
R.S.WU
12. Labeling of anti-tumor antibodies and antibody fragments with
Tc-99m .................................................. 233
H.l. HANSEN, A.L. JONES, R. GREBENAU, A. KUNZ, and
D.M. GOLDENBERG
IV. Clinical Studies ............................... . . . . . . . . . . .. 245
13. Requirements for the use of radioimmunodetection of cancer
in clinical practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 247
G.BURAGGI
14. In-vivo antibody imaging for the detection of human tumors 273
D.M. GOLDENBERG, H. GOLDENBERG, R.M. SHARKEY, R.E. LEE,
1.A. HOROWITZ, T.e. HALL, and H.l. HANSEN
15. In-Ill monoclonal antibody immunoscintigraphy of
colorectal cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 293
L.M. LAMKI, Y.Z. PATI, andl.L. MURRAY
16. Tumor targeting with monoclonal antibody B72.3:
Experimental and clinical results ............................ 313
1. SCHLOM, D. COLCHER, K. SILER, A. THOR, G. BRYANT, W.W. JOHNSTON,
e.A. SZPAK, P. SUGARBAKER, 1.A. CARRASQUILLO, 1.e. REYNOLDS,
A.M. KEENAN, and S.M. LARSON
17. Antibody imaging of endocrine tumors ....................... 337
A. BRADWELL, P. DYKES, e. CHAPMAN, and G. THOMAS
IX
18. Diversity of the human immune response to clinically used
murine monoclonal antibodies ............................... 353
N.S. COURTENAY-LUCK and A. A. EPENETOS
V. New Approaches ......................................... 363
19. Antibody lymphoscintigraphy 365
J.N. WEINSTEIN
20. Radioimmunoguided surgery: A new intraoperative approach
to the detection of tumor ................................. " 387
E.W. MARTIN JR., G. HINKLE, C. MOJZISIK, and M.O. THURSTON
21. Augmentation of tumor antigen expression by recombinant
human interferons: Enhanced targeting of monoclonal antibodies
to carcinomas ............................................ 413
J.W. GREINER, F. GUADAGNI, P. HORAN HAND, S. PESTKA,
P. NOGUCHI, P.B. FISHER, andJ. SCHLOM
22. Anti-antibody enhancement of tumor imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 433
R.M. SHARKEY, R.D. BLUMENTHAL, and D.M. GOLDENBERG
Index. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 457
Xl
Preface
Cancer remains the most formidable challenge of our generation, afflicting
several million people in the United States and killing about half a million
annually. Despite considerable efforts in past years, we do not yet have a
clear insight into how cancer originates, what it is at a very basic level, and
how we can prevent or cure it. This is to be expected, given the complexity of
the problem and the magnitude and diversity of cancer types that occur, and
that cancer as a group of diseases is being studied at many different levels and
from many different perspectives. Patients do not lend themselves to careful
and accurate study, since varied and rigorous experimental protocols are not
feasible nor often ethically defensible in individuals with different, poorly
defined diseases. Because of these limitations, we are restricted to improving
our methods of diagnosis, detection, and treatment; prevention must await
more progress in etiology and pathogenesis. Of the three modalities -
diagnosis, detection and therapy - the last has received the most attention
and has been almost exclusively surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.
However, a fourth dimension is now evolving, biologic therapy, which itself
encompasses a number of different and sometimes complementary ap
proaches. This new technology requires that the oncologic specialist and
general practitioner become acquainted with a new language and science
derived from the principles and foundations of cell biology, biochemistry, and
immunology in order to understand and employ the new molecules of our
day, such as interferons, cytokines, growth factors, monoclonal antibodies,
and the like.
This book is intended to present a current perspective of the use of one set
of molecules, antibodies, to target diagnostic isotopes to tumors. Antibodies
with reasonable specificity can be developed against almost any substance.
Obviously, if selective targeting to cancer cells can be achieved, the prospects
for a selective therapy are equally intriguing. But the development of can
cer detection, or imaging, with radiolabeled antibodies has depended upon
advances in a number of different areas, including cancer immunology and
immunochemistry for identifying suitable antigen targets and antibodies to
these targets, tumor biology for model systems, radiochemistry for the
attachment of radionuclides to antibodies, molecular biology for reengineer-
xii
ing the antibodies for safer and more effective use in humans, and nuclear
medicine for providing the best imaging protocols and instrumentation to
detect minute amounts of elevated radioactivity against a background of con
siderable noise. Accordingly, this book has been organized to address the
advances that are being made in many of these areas, and I am grateful that I
have been able to secure the contributions of many of the leaders in their
respective fields.
Organizing and editing a multiauthor volume brings a number of
challenges to the editor and publisher. I have few complaints, since the
contributing authors were very responsive and cooperative. But I must
proclaim publicly my own embarrassment to the series editor, Dr. William
L. McGuire, and to the publisher, Mr. Jeffrey K. Smith of Kluwer, for my
being less responsible than the others.
David M. Goldenberg