Cancer Gene Therapy: Past Achievements and Future Challenges

479 Pages·2002·14.994 MB·English

by  Susan J. Cleator, Pat Price (auth.), Nagy A. Habib (eds.)

CANCER GENE THERAPY
Past Achievements and Future Challenges
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo
IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute
ABEL LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan
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CANCER GENE THERAPY
Past Achievements and Future Challenges
Edited by
Nagy A. Habib
Imperial College School of Medicine
Hammersmith Hospital
London, United Kingdom
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To all the clinicians, scientists, and various other people who are passionate about
cancer research and have dedicated their lives to the advancement of knowledge and
the discovery of a cancer cure
PREFACE
With the coming of the new millennium we are witnessing a revolution in our
understanding of cancer genetics. These are very exciting times. Today we have at our
disposal the technology to diagnose abnormalities in our cancer genes and the means
to correct the deficit and very soon we will have the complete sequence of the human
genome.
With the use of gene chip technology the way doctors will be able to assess patients
will change completely. Today we can diagnose abnormalities in ten thousand genes and
within a short period of time we will be able to screen through our genome and discover
potential abnormalities in our proto-oncogenes, tumour suppressorgenes, differentiating
genes, apoptotic genes and pro-inflammatory genes. In this book various authors have
highlighted specific genes that could be expressed, overexpressed, neutralised or har-
nessed to achieve cancer control.
The problem of transferring the therapeutic gene into the cancercell has been partly
addressed with major developments in the field of naked plasmid DNA, adenovirus,
retrovirus and adeno-associated viruses. However, further improvements are yet to be
made to achieve significant gene transfer. Gene expression, in particular specificity of
gene transfer, is obviously an important issue and one which is highlighted in this book
by the use of specific promoter.
There are many potentially promising avenues to pursue to achieve cancer cell apop-
tosis or necrosis and some pre-clinical and clinical data are promising. Various clinical
studies, including the use of Ad p53 and Ad E1B deleted, are progressing from phase
II into phase III studies and are showing promise when their use is combined with
chemotherapy.
Although progress in this field has been relatively slow, gene therapy has come of
age. Already the first gene therapy drug has FDA approval for use in patients with CMV
retinitis to save eyesight. Cancer is a more problematic disorder to solve as it involves
many overexpressed oncogenes and several deleted or mutated tumour suppressorgenes.
Although cure is unlikely to happen tomorrow,cancer gene therapy is undoubtedly here
to stay.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to acknowledge Sandra Doherty for putting this book together and for
charming various authors for their manuscripts.
ix
CONTENTS
I. The Clinical Problem
1. Management Problems in Oncology ................................. 3
Susan J. Cleator and Pat Price
II. Vectors
2. Adenoviral Vectors .............................................. 13
Prem Seth
3. Retrovirus Vectors ............................................... 23
Yasuhiro Takeuchi and Massimo Pizzato
4. Targetable Gene Delivery Vectors ................................... 37
Paul L. Hallenbeck and Susan C. Stevenson
5. Human fetoprotein Transcriptional Regulatory Sequences:
Application to Gene Therapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Taiki Tamaoki
6. Tumor-Targeted Salmonella: Highly Selective Delivery Vectors ........... 57
David Bermudes, Brooks Low, and John Pawelek
7. Mutant Adenoviruses Selectively Replication-Competent in Tumor Cells ... 65
Makoto Sunamura
8. Polyoma and Papilloma Virus Vectors for Cancer Gene Therapy. . . . . . . . . . 73
Nina Krauzewicz and Beverly E. Griffin
9. Cochleates: Lipid-Based Vehicles for Gene Delivery—Concept,
Achievements and Future Development ......................... 83
Leila Zarif and Raphael J. Mannino
10. The Use of Skeletal Muscle to Express Genes for the Treatment of
Cancer . . . . ................................................... 95
Stephen Coe, MichaelHarron, Marc Winslet, and Geoffrey Goldspink
xi
xii Contents
III. Cell Cycle Control
11. Adhesion Molecules in Cancer Biology. . . . ............................ 115
Yaw Ohene-Abuakwa and Massimo Pignatelli
12. Cell Cycle Control . . . . ............................................. . . 127
Vivien J. Tannoch, Phil W. Hinds and Li-Huei Tsai
IV. Apoptosis
13. Killer/DR5, A Novel DNA-Damage Inducible Death Receptor Gene,
Links the p53-Tumor Suppressor to Caspase Activation and
Apoptotic Death ............................................ 143
Gen Sheng Wu, Kunghong Kim, and Wafik S. El-Deiry
14. Apoptin®....................................................... . . 153
Alexandra Pietersen and Mathieu H. M. Noteborn
15. Adenovirus-Mediated Herpes Simplex Thymidine Kinase Gene
Therapy For Brain Tumors.................................... . . . . 163
Anu-Maaria Sandmair, Matti Vapalahti, and Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
16. Development of Clinical Trial of E1A Gene Therapy Targeting
HER-2/neu-overexpressing Breast and OvarianCancer ............. 171
M-C. Hung, G. N. Hortobagyi, and N. T. Ueno
V. Tumour Suppressor Genes
17. Pre-clinical Studies with Tumor Suppressor Genes ..................... 183
Prem Seth
18. Gene Therapy for Liver Tumors ................................... 193
Ragai R. Mitry, Marc R. Mansour, Roman Havlík, and Nagy A. Habib
19. Adenovirus-mediated Transfer of a p53 Gene in Ovarian Cancer.......... 207
Junzo Kigawa and Naoki Terakawa
VI. Other Systems
20. Eliciting Hyperacute Rejection as a Tumor Killing Strategy: Herpes
Amplicon Vector Transfer of the Galactosyltransferase Gene . . . 217
Charles J. Link Jr., Daniel J. Hellrung, Tatiana Seregina,
and Suming Wang
Contents xiii
21. Innate Immune Therapy for Cancer: Screen for Molecules molecules of
Activating the Innate Immune System . ........................... 229
Tsukasa Seya, Nasim A. Begum, Midori Nomura, Shoutaro Tsuji,
Misako Matsumoto, Akira Hayashi, Ichiro Azuma,
and Kumow Toyoshima
22. Mda-7: A Novel Melanoma Differentiation Associated Gene with Promise
for Cancer Gene Therapy ..................................... 239
Malavi T. Madireddi, Zao-Zhong Su, Charles S. H. Young,
Neil I. Goldstein, and Paul B. Fisher
VII. Antisense and Ribozymes
23. Antisense IGF and Antisense IGF-IR Therapy of Malignancy ........... 265
Hao Wang, Yanjun Liu, Lixin Wei, and Yajun Guo
24. Sensitization of Tumors to Chemotherapy Through Gene Therapy ........ 273
Ruth A. Gjerset and Dan Mercola
25. Design and Testing of Ribozymes for Cancer Gene Therapy ............. 293
James S. Norris, Brian Hoel, Dale Voeks, Frideriki Maggouta,
Michael Dahm, Weihua Pan, and Gary Clawson
26. Ribozymes: Their Design and Use in Cancer . . . ......................... 303
Philip C. Turner
27. The Approach of Triple Helix Formation in Control of Gene Expression
and the Treatment of Tumors Expressing IGF-1 .................. 319
Lia C. Upegui-Gonzalez, Jean-Christophe François, Adama Ly,
and Jerzy Trojan
VIII. Immuno-Modulation
28. Dendritic Cell-based Immunization for Cancer Therapy . . . ............... 335
Michael A. Morse and H. Kim Lyerly
29. Hybrid Cell Vaccination for Cancer Immunotherapy ................... 347
Peter Walden
30. Modulation of the Immune Response Through 4-1BB .................. 355
Gabriel Sica and Lieping Chen
31. Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer Therapy .............................. . . 363
Katalin V. Lukacs, Olivier E. Pardo, M. Jo Colston,
Duncan M. Geddes, and Eric WFW Alton