Canadian migration law and policy

2005·0.57 MB·English

by  Macklin, Audrey

Faculty of Law
University of Toronto
CANADIAN MIGRATION LAW AND POLICY
Volume II
Prof. Audrey Macidin
Law 456H1F
Fall 2005
Draft Materials edited by E. Carasco, S. Aiken, D.
Galloway and A. Mackiin, with W. Creates
mm
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Canadian Immigration and Law - Volume 2
Refugee
Table of Contents
CHAPTER SIX - THE ECONOMIC CLASS
Introduction.6-1
General Requirements.2
Lock-In Date.3
Retroactivity.4
Borisova v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship
and Immigration).4
Dragan v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship
and Immigration). 5
Kazi v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship
and Immigration).5
A. Skilled Worker Class
1. Definition . 5
Christopher Worswick, “Immigrants’ Declining Earnings:
Reasons and Remedies” (2004) .6
2. National Occupation Classification Matrix. 12
Nehme v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship
and Immigration). 15
3. Pass Mark.19
4. Selection Criteria
1. General,...21
Martin ColSacott (2003) ..22
Erin Tolley (2003).28
i. Education.36
i
ii. Language.43
iii. Experience.45
Dogra v. Canada (Minister of
Citizenship and immigration).47
Andrew Brouwer (1999), “Immigrants Need not Apply”, Caledon
Institute of Social Policy, 1999 52
E. Age..61
F. Arranged Employment.61
G. Adaptability.61
5. Discretion.62
Chen v. Canada [1994].63
6. Provincial and Territorial Nominee Class.69
B. Alberta.70
C. Prince Edward Island.71
D. British Columbia.71
B. The Business Classes.72
1. Entrepreneurs.....72
David Ley, "Seeking Homo Economicus: The Strange Story of Canada's
Business Immigration Program", May 2000 74
D. Documentation of Funds......95
E. Delegation of Authority ..95
2. Investors.95
A. General.95
B. Qualifications. 95
C. Source of Funds.95
Self-Employed Persons.96
ii
A. General.96
B. Qualifications.97
4. Selection Criteria for Business Immigrants.97
5. Substituted Evaluation.97
IV. Live-In Caregiver Class.98
VI. Discussion Questions.6-100
CHAPTER SEVEN - THE FAMILY CLASS
Introduction
A. Who is Family?..................7-2
1. Spouses/Common-Law Partners/Conjugal Partners.......2
Minister of Employment and Immigration
v. Resham Kaur Taggar.. ........... 4
Canada (Minister of Employment and
Immigration) v. Narwal. ...7
Bhatti v Canada [2004]....... 10
Macapagal v. Canada [2004\....... 13
“Adafah petitions” (2003).......19
a. Same Sex Relationships. 20
b. Polygamous Relationships...... 22
c. “Immigration Marriages”... 24
Horhas v. Minister of Employment
and immigration ......... 26
Salh v. Canada (Minister of Employment
and immigration) .. 28
2. Children..........32
Be Guzman v. Minister of Citizenship and immigration 2004 .. 33
a. Adopted Children...43
iii
Adoption and Sponsorship: Characteristics
of Bona Fide Foreign Adoptions.43
Cheema (Litigation Guardian) v. Canada
(Minister of Citizenship and Immigration).46
Frounze v. Canada.52
Questions.57
B. Sponsorship
1. General Requirements.57
Audrey Macklin, “Public Entrance/Private Member”.59
Fortaleza v. Canada [2005]. 64
2. Women sponsored by husbands/partners .68
Colleen Sheppard, “Women as Wives: Immigration Law and
Domestic Violence”.68
3. Sponsored Immigrants and Social Assistance.76
Michael Trebilcock, “The Law and Economics
of Immigration Policy”.76
RETHINKING IMMIGRATION POLICIES
A. Independent Applicants. 76
B. Family Preference Immigration .79
The mandatory insurance proposal in context.79
Questions. 7- 81
CHAPTER EIGHT - REFUGEES: THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
A. Introduction
1. Facts and Figures.8-1
Tables
iv
1. Persons of Concern to the UNHCR 2003.2
2. Refugee Claims Filed 1994-2002 Canada
and Other Refugee - Receiving Countries.3
2. Religious and Ethical Origins of
the Concept of Asylum.4
Karen Musalo, Jennifer Moore & Richard Boswell, Refugee Law
and Policy: Cases and Materials .. 4
B. History Leading Up to the Refugee Convention.10
L. Barnett, “Global Governance and the Evolution of the International
Convention”. 10
1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.12
“Convention Refugee Definition” - James Hathaway Excerpt. 12
OAU Definition. 15
C. The Non-Refoulement Obligation.... 15
1. The History and Development of Non-refoulement.15
Dent and Hathaway, Refugee Rights. 16
2. Non Entree Mechanisms
Amnesty International Canada.21
Joanne Van Seim, “Access to Procedures"... 22
Stephen Knight, “Defining Due Process Down”... 27
“Canada/US Safe Third Country Agreement”.32
D. Beyond the Convention Definition
1. Migratory Movements
Michael Oliver,
The Movement of Peoples: A View from the South.33
2. Globalization and International Migration
v
Helene Pellerin, “Globa! Restructuring in the World Economy and
Migration” .34
3. Gender Persecution
Judith Kumin, “Gender Persecution in the Spotlight”.38
E. Role of the UNHCR.40
Tim Wichert, “Pursuing Social Policy Ideals at the International Level”.41
Michael Barnett, “Humanitarianism With a Sovereign Face”.44
F. Canada and Refugees.47
Canadian Council for Refugees, “Refugees Worldwide”.49
CCR, “State of Refugees in Canada” .52
Rousseau et al., “The complexity of Determining Refugeehood: .... (2002) ... ...54
Sharryn Aiken, “Of Gods and Monsters”.60
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights,
Report on the Situation of Human Rights of Asylum Seekers within the Canadian
Refugee Determination System.64
Diane Francis, immigration: The Economic Case.70
G. Peering Into The Future
UNHCR, “A Timeless Treaty Under Attack:
Reconsidering the Convention”.75
Jeff Crisp, “A New Asylum Paradigm”.77
Richard Black, “Putting Refugees in Camps”...80
Questions.8-84
CHAPTER NINE - THE CANADIAN INTERPRETATION OF THE REFUGEE
DEFINSTSON
A. Introduction.9-1
B. Eligibility to Make a Protection Claim .3
vi
C. Chart of Refugee Protection Determination Process..5
D. The Refugee Protection Hearing.6
E. Elements of the Refugee Definition.7
1. The refugee claimant must be outside his/her national state/place of
habitual residence . 7
2. The refugee claimant must have a fear of persecution.9
a. Interpretation of Persecution............9
Deborah Anker, “Refugee Law, Gender and the Human
Rights Paradigm”.11
b. Persecution and Discrimination.13
c. Persecution and Prosecution.13
d. Persecution that is Cumulative.15
e. Persecution in the Context of Civil War. 16
f. Agents of Persecution.18
Canada v. Ward [1993].18
ECRE, “Position on the Interpretation of Art. 1”.25
g. Gender-Based Persecution.25
Chantal Tie, “Sex, Gender, and Refugee Protection
in Canada under Bill C-11”. 27
3. Well-Founded Fear. .....36
4. Grounds of Persecution. 38
a. Race. 39
b. Nationality. 39
c. Religion.40
d. Membership in a Particular Social Group.42
Ward Excerpt.43
vii
Comment on Ward by Alexander Aleinikoff.48
e. Political Opinion...50
Ward Excerpt.51
5. Unable or Unwilling to Avail him/herself of national
State’s Protection.55
Ward Excerpt. 55
a. Internal Flight Alternative.57
F. Exclusion Clauses.60
1. Article IE. 60
2. Article 1F.61
UNHCR, Application of the Exclusion Clauses (2003)..62
3. Procedural Issues
James Sloan, “The Application of Article IF” (2000).65
Pushpanathan v. Canada [1998]. 70
G. Cessation Clauses.75
H. Consolidated Grounds.77
Li v. Canada [2005].77
Questions.9-90
CHAPTER TEN - SOVEREIGNTY AND BORDER CONTROL
A. Introduction.10-1
B. The Enforcement Context
1. Immigration Enforcement, Sovereignty and Refugee Determination.2
Reg Whitaker, “Refugees: The Security
Dimension”.2
Sharryn Aiken, “Of Gods and Monsters”. 21
viii