Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium

191 Pages·2006·2.22 MB·English

Proceedings of the Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004

Aquaculture CanadaOM 2004 – Proceedings of Contributed Papers – Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture
Symposium.

Part of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Aquaculture Association of Canada, Québec City, Québec, October
17-20, 2004.

OM Aquaculture Canada is an Official Mark of the Aquaculture Association of Canada and may not be
used without permission.

Aquaculture Association of Canada Special Publication Number 11, 2006.

Éric Gilbert, Daniel Stechey and Melissa Struthers, editors

ISBN 0-9780943-0-1

Published by Aquaculture Association of Canada, St. Andrews, NB

Printed by Transcontinental Express, St. John’s, NL

© 2006 Aquaculture Association of Canada

Printed in Canada

Front Cover: Photos courtesy of Steve Naylor, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture
AAC Spec. Publ. No. 11 (2006) 1
Proceedings of the National Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004
OM
Aquaculture Canada 2004

October 17-20, 2004
Québec City, Québec

Proceedings of Contributed Papers –

Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium

Table of Contents

Introduction

Freshwater Aquaculture in Canada: Addressing Challenges – Realizing Potential
Éric Gilbert and Daniel Stechey......................................................................................................................4

Contributed Papers

Freshwater Aquaculture in Canada: Status, Potential and Developmental Challenges................................14
Éric Gilbert

U.S. National Technology-based Effluent Pollutant Control Requirements for Concentrated Aquatic
Animal Production...........................................................................................................................................21
Marvin Rubin

Freshwater Aquaculture in Denmark: A New Platform for Sustainable Growth............................................26
Brian Thomsen

Environmental Regulation of Freshwater Aquaculture in Canada..................................................................31
Daniel Stechey and Jan Linquist

Panel Discussion: Toward an Enabling Policy and Regulatory Framework in Canada................................40
Moderator: David Rideout, Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance

Future Directions in Feed Formulation for Waste Reduction..........................................................................48
Dominique P. Bureau and Katheline Hua

Phosphorus and Feeding Fish: Issues and Perspectives..............................................................................53
Grant W. Vandenberg and Gabriel Koffi D. Koko

Use of Computer Models to Establish the Feeding Standards for Fish Performance and Waste Reduction for
Sustainable Aquaculture: A TREATISE...........................................................................................................63
C. Young Cho

Technologies to Improve Feeding Efficiency in Land-Based and Cage Culture Systems.............................74
Daniel Stechey

A Comparison of Alternative Designs and Technologies in Recirculating Aquaculture..................................86
Denis Delong and Thomas M. Losordo

Les circuits fermés et les coûts d’énergie.......................................................................................................91
Robert Champagne et Gilles Filion

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Proceedings of the Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004
Mass Balance and Nutrient Flows in Freshwater Aquaculture.......................................................................98
Dominique P. Bureau and Katheline Hua

La STRADDAQ, un partenariat pour le développement durable de l’aquaculture en eau douce au
Québec............................................................................................................................................................103
Sylvain Lareau, Michel Groleau et Guy Ouellet

Management Approaches for Coldwater Disease Caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum......................111
John S. Lumsden, Karrie Young, Katie Welsh and Shohreh Heshami

A Review of Epidemiological Investigations of Bacterial Gill disease in Ontario Ministry of Natural
Resources Fish Hatcheries.............................................................................................................................118
Chris M. Good and Mary A. Thorburn

Temperature Dependent Immune System Suppression in Teleost Fish: Do Pathogens Dominate in the
Cold?...............................................................................................................................................................125
Brian Dixon, Julie Parks, Suchita Nath, Steve Kales, Kazuhiro Fujiki and Patricia Schulte

Is Antibiotic Resistance in Freshwater Aquaculture a Problem: A Québec Perspective...............................131
Carl Uhland

Use of Hybrid Membrane Filtration Technology Combined with Chemical Precipitation to Control
Phosphorus Release from Recirculation Aquaculture Systems.....................................................................134
Ling Yang, Hongde Zhou and Rich Moccia

Aquaculture Development In Alberta..............................................................................................................142
Eric Hutchings

Species Selection in Freshwater Aquaculture: A Prioritization Model for Industry Diversification................147
Gord M. Durant

Aquaculture as an Agricultural Diversification Strategy..................................................................................159
Daniel Stechey and Éric Gilbert

Techniques Used for the Intensive Culture of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Ontario,
Canada............................................................................................................................................................169
Glenn W. Hooper

Intensive Culture of Walleye in the United States...........................................................................................173
Robert C. Summerfelt

Pathways to Privatization of Fish Stocking.....................................................................................................183
Duane S. Radford

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Proceedings of the National Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004
Introduction

Freshwater Aquaculture in Canada: Objectives of the Canadian Freshwater
Addressing Challenges – Realizing Aquaculture Symposium

Potential
Historically, efforts to identify and resolve the

developmental challenges (real or perceived) to
Éric Gilbert, Chair, Canadian Freshwater
freshwater aquaculture have largely been
Aquaculture Symposium
addressed at a regional level. This approach,

although producing some benefits, has not been
Daniel Stechey, Co-Chair, Canadian Freshwater
functionally effective or efficient. A broader,
Aquaculture Symposium
national approach could serve to generate

leveraged results from over-taxed and under-
Freshwater aquaculture in Canada is relatively
funded research, development and technology
small compared to the marine sector, accounting
transfer programs and services. Therefore,
for only 6% of total tonnage and 11% of total
industry and government stakeholders
value of the 2002 aquaculture output in Canada.
developed, through the Inter-provincial
In comparison, European countries like
Collaborative Initiative for Sustainable
Denmark, France, the U.K. and Italy each
Freshwater Aquaculture, a National Freshwater
produce more than 25,000 tonnes of trout
Aquaculture Action Plan to focus efforts on
annually in freshwater systems. With the largest
priorities areas in freshwater aquaculture R&D
reserve of freshwater in the world comprised of
and Technology Transfer - namely Nutrition;
millions of lakes, rivers, reservoirs and aquifers,
Waste Management; Farm Management; and
it is an understatement to say that Canada is not
Environmental Carrying (Assimilative) Capacity.
meeting its potential in freshwater aquaculture.

Moreover, with the world’s second largest
To facilitate implementation of this Plan, the
seafood market located only hours to the south,
Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium
there is a considerable potential to enhance the
provided a forum to increase awareness and
capacity of freshwater aquaculture in Canada.
transfer knowledge with respect to those issues

that continue to constrain freshwater
Nevertheless, despite the enormous potential to
aquaculture development in Canada, including:
become a major force in the agri-food sector

within the interior of Canada, the sector has
• Policy and regulatory approaches for
demonstrated little to no growth over the last five
sustainable development;
years. In some regions, production is in decline.
• Fish feeding strategies for enhanced
Growth in freshwater aquaculture has been
sustainability and profit;
significantly impeded by concerns related to the
• Advances in recirculating systems;
potential negative environmental impact of fish
• Technologies to advance knowledge
culture practices. These concerns have led to
regarding environmental interactions;
an ‘unofficial’ moratorium on industry expansion
• Fish health management;
in a number of key areas. Consequently, the
challenges faced by the industry are • Effluent treatment and waste management;
considerable and, under the current policy and and
regulatory climate, the outlook is bleak if • Production’s diversification.
appropriate action is not taken. To realize its
potential, industry and governments must Experts in freshwater aquaculture from across
address the challenges to sustainable Canada were invited to participate in the
aquaculture development in freshwater. Symposium. Additionally, international experts
Identifying sectoral needs and establishing from leading freshwater aquaculture nations
priorities for technology transfer, research and were also invited to share their expertise and
development activities are fundamental thus enable Canada to benefit from the
requirements for industry expansion. experience of other progressive countries. In
total, the Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium
consisted of 32 separate presentations and a
panel discussion grouped into seven thematic
sessions as follows.
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Proceedings of the Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004

Note: Lead author name and affiliation only
listed in session summary. Asterik (*) indicates
paper unavailable.
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Proceedings of the Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004
Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Session Summary

Session 1 Legal and Regulatory Framework for Freshwater Aquaculture

Chair: Éric Gilbert

1. Freshwater Aquaculture in Canada: Status, Potential and Developmental Challenges
Éric Gilbert, Fisheries and Oceans Canada

2. U.S. National Technology-based Effluent Pollutant Control Requirements for Concentrated
Aquatic Animal Production
Marvin Rubin, US Environment Protection Agency

3. Freshwater Aquaculture in Denmark: A New Platform for Sustainable Growth
Brian Thomsen, Danish Aquaculture Association

4. Environmental Regulation of Freshwater Aquaculture in Canada
Daniel Stechey, Canadian Aquaculture Systems Inc.

5. Panel Discussion: Toward an Enabling Policy and Regulatory Framework in Canada
Moderator: David Rideout, Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance

Session 2 Feeding Fish for Environmental Sustainability and Profit

Chair: Grant Vandenberg

6. Future Directions in Feed Formulation for Waste Reduction
Dominique P. Bureau, University of Guelph

7. Phosphorus and Feeding Fish: Issues and Perspectives
Grant W. Vandenberg, Université Laval

8. Use of Computer Models to Establish the Feeding Standards for Fish Performance and Waste
Reduction for Sustainable Aquaculture: A TREATISE
C. Young Cho, University of Guelph

9. Technologies to Improve Feeding Efficiency in Land-Based and Cage Culture Systems
Daniel Stechey, Canadian Aquaculture Systems Inc.

Session 3 Advances in Freshwater Recirculation Systems

Chair: Daniel Stechey

10. A Comparison of Alternative Designs and Technologies in Recirculating Aquaculture
Denis Delong, North Carolina State University

11. Recirculating Systems and Energy Costs
Robert Champagne, Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation

12. *Overview of Gas Supersaturation and Degassing Strategies for Freshwater Hatcheries
Trudy Pitre, Point Four Systems Inc.

13. *Phosphorous Emissions of a Land-based Salmon Smolt Recirculation Hatchery
T. Trofimencof, University of New Brunswick

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Proceedings of the Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004
Session 4 Environment Sustainability in Freshwater Aquaculture

Chair: Richard Moccia

14. *Environmental Sustainability? Issues and Concepts of an Enhanced Decision-Making System.
Rich Moccia, University of Guelph

15. *Ecosystem Effects: Unique Aspects of Water Quality and Benthic Impacts in Freshwater
Murray Charlton, Environment Canada

16. *Results from Sediment Surveys in the Vicinity of Freshwater Net-pen Aquaculture Operations in
the North Channel
Mary Thorburn, Ontario Ministry of the Environment

17. Mass Balance and Nutrient Flows in Freshwater Aquaculture
Dominique P. Bureau, University of Guelph

18. *Forensic Analysis of a Case Study of Environmental Management of Freshwater Cage
Aquaculture
Steve Naylor, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture

19. STRADDAQ : A Partnership for Environmental Sustainability of Freshwater Aquaculture in
Québec
Sylvain Lareau, Association des Aquaculteurs du Québec

Session 5 Fish Health Management in Freshwater Aquaculture

Chair: Rod Penney

20. Management Approaches for Coldwater Disease Caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum
John S. Lumsden, University of Guelph

21. A Review of Epidemiological Investigations of Bacterial Gill disease in Ontario Ministry of Natural
Resources Fish Hatcheries
Chris M. Good, University of Guelph

22. Temperature Dependent Immune System Suppression in Teleost Fish: Do Pathogens Dominate
in the Cold?
Brian Dixon, University of Waterloo

23. Is Antibiotic Resistance in Freshwater Aquaculture a Problem: A Québec Perspective
Carl Uhland, University of Montreal

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Proceedings of the Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium – Aquaculture Canada 2004
Session 6 Effluent Treatment / Waste Management

Chair: Gord Durant

24. Use of Hybrid Membrane Filtration Technology Combined with Chemical Precipitation to Control
Phosphorus Release from Recirculation Aquaculture Systems
Ling Yang, University of Guelph

25. *Near-field Loading Dynamics of Phosphorus at a Rainbow Trout Cage Farm: Implications for
Environmental Monitoring
Gregor Reid, University of Guelph

26. *Biological Means for Removing Phosphorus from Aquaculture Effluents
Sebastien Sauve, University of Montreal

27. Aquaculture In Alberta
Eric Hutchings, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development

Session 7 Diversification of Freshwater Aquaculture

Chair: Pierre Dubé

28. Species Selection in Freshwater Aquaculture: A Prioritization Model for Industry Diversification
Gord M. Durant, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources

29. Aquaculture as an Agricultural Diversification Strategy
Daniel Stechey, Canadian Aquaculture Systems Inc.

30. Techniques Used for the Intensive Culture of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in
Ontario, Canada
Glenn W. Hooper, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources

31. Intensive Culture of Walleye in the United States
Robert C. Summerfelt, Iowa State University

32. Pathways to Privatization of Fish Stocking
Duane S. Radford, Alberta

33. *Stocking Opportunities of Artificially-produced Fish in Washington State, USA
John Kerwin, WA Department of Fish and Wildlife

Symposium Sponsors

The generous support and financial assistance provided by the following sponsors was invaluable in
making the Canadian Freshwater Aquaculture Symposium a success.

• Aquaculture Association of Canada (AAC)
• Association des Aquaculteurs du Québec (AAQ)
• Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO)
• Inter-Provincial Initiative for Sustainable Freshwater Aquaculture Development
• Northern Ontario Aquaculture Association (NOAA)
• Ontario Aquaculture Association (OAA)
• Société de Recherche et Développement en Aquaculture Continentale (SORDAC)
• University of Guelph

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