Canada's Ukrainians: Changing Perspectives, 1891-1991 PDF
Preview Canada's Ukrainians: Changing Perspectives, 1891-1991
CANADA'S UKRAINIANS: NEGOTIATING AN IDENTITY This page intentionally left blank CANADA'S UKRAINIANS Negotiating an Identity Edited by Lubomyr Luciuk and Stella Hryniuk Published in Association with the Ukrainian Canadian Centennial Committee by University of Toronto Press Toronto Buffalo London www.utppublishing.com University of Toronto Press 1991 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-5978-3 Printed on acid-free paper Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: Canada's Ukrainians Includes index. ISBN 0-8020-5978-3 1. Ukrainians - Canada - History. 2. Ukrainian Canadians - History.* I. Luciuk, Lubomyr Y., 1953- n. Hryniuk, Stella M., 1939- ni. Ukrainian Canadian Centennial Committee. pcio6.u5L8 1991 971'.00491791 0:91-094952-2 F1035.U5L8 1991 This volume is published with the assistance of grants from the Ministry of Multiculturalism and Citizenship and from the Ukrainian Canadian Centennial Committee, Inc. Contents Foreword by His Excellency the Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn, PC, cc, CMM, QC, Governor General of Canada ix Preface by Paul Robert Magocsi xi Editors' Introduction xvii Parti To Canada: Immigration and Settlement STELLA HRYNIUK 'Sifton's Pets': Who Were They? 3 JAROSLAV PETRYSHYN Sifton's Immigration Policy 17 JOHN C. LEHR Peopling the Prairies with Ukrainians 30 JAMES W. DARLINGTON The Ukrainian Impress on the Canadian West 53 BRIAN OSBORNE 'Non-Preferred' People: Inter-war Ukrainian Immigration to Canada 81 LUBOMYR Y. LUCIUK 'This Should Never Be Spoken or Quoted Publicly': Canada's Ukrainians and Their Encounter with the DPs 103 vi Contents IHOR STEBELSKY The Resettlement of Ukrainian Refugees after the Second World War 123 Part 2 Among Ourselves: Community Politics and Religion OLEH W. GERUS Consolidating the Community: The Ukrainian Self-Reliance League 157 MARCO CARYNNYK Swallowing Stalinism: Pro-Communist Ukrainian Canadians and Soviet Ukraine in the 1930 s 187 ANDRII KRAWCHUK Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Francophone Missionaries among Ukrainian Catholics 206 MARK G. MCGOWAN 'A Portion for the Vanquished': Roman Catholics and the Ukrainian Catholic Church 218 FRANCES SWYRIPA Wedded to the Cause: Ukrainian-Canadian Women 238 WSEVOLOD W. ISAJIW The Changing Community 254 Parts Of Canada? Ukrainian Canadians and the State DONALD AVERY Divided Loyalties: The Ukrainian Left and the Canadian State 271 MARK MINENKO Without Just Cause: Canada's First National Internment Operations 288 BARRY FERGUSON British-Canadian Intellectuals, Ukrainian Immigrants, and Canadian National Identity 304 Contents vii N. FRED DREISZIGER Tracy Philipps and the Achievement of Ukrainian-Canadian Unity 326 NELSON WISEMAN Ukrainian-Canadian Politics 342 BOHDAN HARASYMIW Looking for the Ukrainian Vote 362 MORRIS ILYNIAK Still Coming to Terms: Ukrainians, Jews, and the Deschenes Commission 377 Notes 391 Notes on Contributors 495 Index 497 This page intentionally left blank Foreword As Governor General of Canada and the representative of Her Majesty The Queen, the responsibilities of my position have evolved in rhythm with the changing structures and moods of the nation. Nevertheless, one element remains constant: the symbolism of the vice-regal office. The milestones of our individual lives, from birth through school gradua- tions, marriages, and anniversaries, are marked by ceremonies and sym- bols which represent important values as well as a continuum in the history of our nation. In much the same way, the Crown embodies the structures and values of our parliamentary democracy as well as the multitude of political and social ties which bind our country together. Canadians are heirs to almost four centuries of tradition in the long line of governors since Champlain. Many of my predecessors promoted Canadian unity with the same zest displayed by the first Governor of New France in developing the early colony. Lord Dufferin was the first Governor General to travel across Canada, attending a variety of functions in the provinces and receiving Quebecers at La Citadelle every summer. Lord Tweedsmuir used the prestige of his position to break down the barriers of race and religion that divided Canadians. Speaking in 1936 to a group of Ukrainian Canadians in Fraserwood, Manitoba, he remarked: 'We Scots are supposed to be good citizens of new countries, that is largely because, while we mix well with others and gladly accept new loyalties, we never forget our ancient Scots way, but always remem- ber the little country from which we sprang. That is true of every race with a strong tradition behind it, and it must be so with a people with such a strong tradition as yours. You will all be better Canadians for being also good Ukrainians.' Canada, as a nation made great by its x Foreword immigrants, has a reputation of welcoming diversity while encouraging its citizens to integrate their customs and values into the fabric of our social character. This has been the strength as well as the joy of the nation we have forged. The essays in this collection not only commemorate the centenary of Ukrainian settlement in Canada, but also attest to the resilience of spirit and determination of purpose which were essential not only to the success of the Ukrainian community in Canada but also to the very creation of our nation. As Governor General and as a Canadian who cherishes his Ukrainian heritage, I hope that they will serve as a special reminder not only of what we have built but also of what we must continue to nurture. Ramon John Hnatyshyn
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