Canada and the OAS: From Dilettante to Full Partner PDF
Preview Canada and the OAS: From Dilettante to Full Partner
Canada and the OAS This page intentionally left blank Canada and the OAS: From Dilettante to Full Partner Peter McKenna Carleton University Press Copyright © Peter McKenna and Carleton University Press, 1995 Printed and bound in Canada Canadian Cataloguing in Publications Data McKenna, Peter, 1961- Canada and the OAS : from dilettante to full partner Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-88629-258-1 1. Canada — Foreign relations — Latin America. 2. Latin America — Foreign Relations — Canada 3. Organization of American States I. Title FC244.07M35 1995 327.7108 C95-900037-2 F1029.M35 1995 Carleton University Press Distributed in Canada by Carleton University Oxford University Press Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive 70 Wynford Drive, Ottawa, Ontario Don Mills, Ontario K1S 5B6 M3C 1J9 (613) 788-3740 (416) 441-2941 Cover paintings by Annalee Davis. "When Cane Was King" series: Gold Fingers #1, Cane Arrow #2, Fire #3, At Sea #4. Acrylic, 1993. Collection of Glenn and Barbara Mclnnes. The Press is grateful to Dennis Tourbin for helping to locate the work. Cover concept/execution: Carleton University Press Interior: Cover to Cover, Ottawa Carleton University Press gratefully acknowledges the support extended to its publishing program by the Canada Council and the financial assistance of the Ontario Arts Council. The Press would also like to thank the Department of Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada, and the Government of Ontario through the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Recreation, for their assistance. This book is dedicated to the memory of Mrs. Helen Heron, unquestionably a woman of incredible strength and courage. While the road from outline to manuscript has been long, and occasionally bumpy and dark, memories of her have been an indispensable and unfailing source of inspiration and light. Even though she endured tremendous pain and suffering, she still managed to touch those around her in a very special way. Her heartfelt kindness and genuine interest in me, even when she was facing the most difficult challenge of her own life, is something I can never forget. Throughout, my fre- quent thoughts of her have provided me with a seemingly unending reservoir of encouragement, determination and comfort. I know in my heart that she has made the most important contribution to the completion of this study. This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments viii Introduction 1 Canadian Linkages with the Inter- American Community 4 I The Evolution of Inter-American Institutions 13 The Evolution of Pan-Americanism 14 The Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance 23 The Charter of the Organization of American States 26 The American Treaty on Pacific Settlement 32 Summary 33 II The OAS in Action: A Mixed Record 37 OAS Success Stories 38 OAS Failures 47 Summary 61 III Canada and the Inter-American System, 1890-1968 65 Historical Background: Canada and the Pan-American Union 66 Canada and the Organization of American States (OAS) 75 Summary 81 IV Canada-OAS Relations: The Trudeau Years 85 OAS Membership Revisited, 1968 to 1972 86 Canada Remains Aloof from the OAS, 1973 to 1978 92 The OAS File Remains Closed, 1978 to 1984 93 Canada and the OAS: Explaining the Trudeau Government's Aloofness 95 Summary 101 V OAS Membership: The Actors and the Debates 103 Canada's Political Leadership and the Issue of OAS Membership 104 OAS Membership: A Sceptical Bureaucracy 109 Canada and the OAS: Viewpoints from the Sidelines 112 Summary 127 VI Canada Joins the OAS 131 The Political Leadership 133 The Foreign Policy Bureaucracy 136 Major Developments in the Region 142 Summary 143 VII Canada and the OAS: The Early Years 147 Summary 159 Conclusion 163 Postscript 171 Canada-OAS Relations for 1993-1994 172 Explaining Canada's Behaviour within the OAS 181 Conclusion 187 References 191 Bibliography 257 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book, without question, represents a collaborative and com- munity effort. It would take several pages to include everyone who contributed, in some form or another, to the completion of this manuscript. My family, friends, and colleagues all made valuable contributions — for which I am most grateful. Through their sup- port, comments and suggestions, Dan Middlemiss, Bob Boardman, David Murray, Richard Gorham, Edgar Dosman, Jack Ogelsby, and David Black have strengthened the intellectual content of the work. Special thanks are in order for John Kirk, my mentor and good friend, for believing in me, and this project, from the very begin- ning. John, saying thank you hardly seems sufficient. May our won- derful friendship, which I so much value, continue! Ted Kelly, at the Academic Relations Division within Foreign Affairs, was instrumental in my archival research—along with Paulette Dozois at the National Archives in Ottawa. The flow of information from OAS Affairs in Ottawa and Canada's OAS mission in Washington should not go unnoticed. In this regard, special thanks should go to Harold Hickman, John Graham, Karen MacDonald, and Sarah Fountain. I was also blessed with the sup- port of Dr. John Flood, and his staff, at Carleton University Press and the wonderful copy-editing of Ms. Maggie Keith, who certainly deserves credit for smoothing out many of the rough edges. Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude to those who supported this pro- ject financially, especially the Senate Research Committee at Saint Marys University.
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