Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics: 4-Volume Set

4664 Pages·2012·1.64 MB·English

by  S. Terry Canale

i
CAMPBELL’S
OPERATIVE
ORTHOPAEDICS
CAMPBELL’S
OPERATIVE
ORTHOPAEDICS
TWELFTH EDITION
VOLUME I
S. TERRY CANALE, MD
Harold B. Boyd Professor and Chair, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Tennessee—Campbell Clinic
Memphis, Tennessee
JAMES H. BEATY, MD
Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Tennessee—Campbell Clinic
Chief of Staff, Campbell Clinic
Memphis, Tennessee
Editorial Assistance by
KAY DAUGHERTY and LINDA JONES
Art Coordination by
BARRY BURNS
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
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CAMPBELL’S OPERATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS, TWELFTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-07243-4
International Edition ISBN: 978-0-8089-2430-2
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IN MEMORY
ALLEN EDMONSON, MD T. DAVID SISK, MD
1927–2011 1937–2009
Since the last edition of this text, we have lost two of our friends and
mentors. Dr. Allen Edmonson and Dr. David Sisk both made huge contri-
butions to several editions of Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics. In addition
to his classic work on scoliosis, Dr. Edmonson served as editor of the 6th
edition, and Dr. Sisk contributed the first chapters on arthroscopy to appear
in this text. We are grateful for their commitment to “The Book” and the
inspiration they have provided.
CONTRIBUTORS
WILLIAM E. ALBERS, MD KEVIN B. CLEVELAND, MD SUSAN N. ISHIKAWA, MD
Assistant Professor Instructor Assistant Professor
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Co-Director, Foot and Ankle Fellowship
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Biomedical Engineering Biomedical Engineering Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Memphis, Tennessee Memphis, Tennessee Biomedical Engineering
Memphis, Tennessee
FREDERICK M. AZAR, MD ANDREW H. CRENSHAW, JR., MD
Professor Associate Professor MARK T. JOBE, MD
Director, Sports Medicine Fellowship University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Associate Professor
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Biomedical Engineering Memphis, Tennessee Biomedical Engineering
Chief-of-Staff, Campbell Clinic Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis, Tennessee JOHN R. CROCKARELL, JR., MD
Associate Professor
DEREK M. KELLY, MD
JAMES H. BEATY, MD University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Assistant Professor
Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Biomedical Engineering
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis, Tennessee GREGORY D. DABOV, MD
Assistant Professor
DAVID G. LAVELLE, MD
JAMES H. CALANDRUCCIO, MD University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Associate Professor
Associate Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Director, Hand Fellowship Biomedical Engineering
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering RAYMOND J. GARDOCKI, MD
Memphis, Tennessee Instructor SANTOS F. MARTINEZ, MD
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Instructor
FRANCIS X. CAMILLO, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Associate Professor Biomedical Engineering Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Memphis, Tennessee Biomedical Engineering
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering JAMES L. GUYTON, MD
Memphis, Tennessee Associate Professor ANTHONY A. MASCIOLI, MD
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Assistant Professor
S. TERRY CANALE, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Harold H. Boyd Professor and Chair Biomedical Engineering Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Memphis, Tennessee Biomedical Engineering
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering JAMES W. HARKESS, MD
MARC J. MIHALKO, MD
Memphis, Tennessee Associate Professor
Instructor
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
DAVID L. CANNON, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Associate Professor Biomedical Engineering Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Memphis, Tennessee Biomedical Engineering
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering ROBERT K. HECK, JR., MD
Memphis, Tennessee Associate Professor
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Biomedical Engineering
Memphis, Tennessee
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
WILLIAM W. MIHALKO, MD DAVID R. RICHARDSON, MD WILLIAM C. WARNER, JR., MD
Professor, H.R. Hyde Chair of Excellence in Assistant Professor Professor
Rehabilitation Engineering Residency Program Director University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Director, Biomedical Engineering University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis, Tennessee JOHN C. WEINLEIN, MD
E. GREER RICHARDSON, MD Instructor
ROBERT H. MILLER III, MD Professor Emeritus University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Associate Professor University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis, Tennessee A. PAIGE WHITTLE, MD
MATTHEW I. RUDLOFF, MD Associate Professor
G. ANDREW MURPHY, MD
Assistant Professor University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Assistant Professor
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Co-Director, Foot and Ankle Fellowship
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Biomedical Engineering Memphis, Tennessee
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering
KEITH D. WILLIAMS, MD
Memphis, Tennessee
JEFFREY R. SAWYER, MD Associate Professor
Associate Professor Director, Spine Fellowship
ASHLEY L. PARK, MD
Director, Pediatric Orthopaedic Fellowship University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Clinical Assistant Professor
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Biomedical Engineering Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering
Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis, Tennessee
DEXTER H. WITTE, MD
EDWARD A. PEREZ, MD THOMAS W. THROCKMORTON, MD Clinical Assistant Professor of Radiology
Associate Professor Associate Professor University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Director, Trauma Fellowship Assistant Director, Residency Program Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Biomedical Engineering
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering Biomedical Engineering
Memphis, Tennessee Memphis, Tennessee GEORGE W. WOOD II, MD
Professor
BARRY B. PHILLIPS, MD PATRICK C. TOY, MD University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic
Associate Professor Instructor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic University of Tennessee–Campbell Clinic Biomedical Engineering
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Memphis, Tennessee
Biomedical Engineering Biomedical Engineering
Memphis, Tennessee Memphis, Tennessee
PREFACE
A
s with every edition of this text, we have been amazed Barry Burns, Linda Jones, and Joan Crowson—were essential
by the multitude of new techniques, new equipment, in getting the ideas and information from 40 authors into a
and new information generated by our orthopaedic col- workable form. The progress of the book was marked by the
leagues worldwide. The emphasis on less-invasive surgical proliferation of paper-stuffed file folders spread across their
techniques for everything from hallux valgus correction to offices. Managing to transform all of that raw material into
spine surgery to total joint arthroplasty has produced a readable text and illustrative images is always an amazing
variety of new approaches and new devices. The use of accomplishment. Our thanks, too, to the individuals at
arthroscopy and endoscopy continues to expand its boundar- Elsevier publishing who provided much guidance, encour-
ies. We have attempted to include the latest orthopaedic agement, and assistance: Taylor Ball, Content Development
procedures, while retaining many of the classic techniques Editor; Dolores Meloni, Executive Content Strategist;
that remain the “gold standards.” Mary Gatsch, Publishing Director; and John Casey, Project
Some of the changes in this edition that we believe Manager.
will make it easier to use include the complete redrawing We are most grateful to our families, especially our
of the thousands of illustrations, the combining of some wives, Sissie Canale and Terry Beaty, who patiently endured
chapters and rearrangement of others to achieve a more our total immersion in the publication process.
logical flow of information, the addition of several new The individuals who often are overlooked, or at least not
chapters, and the placement of references published before recognized often enough, are the community of orthopaedic
2000 on the website only. Full access to the text and to an surgeons to whom we are indebted for their expertise and
increased number of surgical videos is available on Expert- innovation that make a textbook such as ours necessary. As
Consult.com, which is included with the purchase of the Dr. Campbell noted in the preface to the first edition of this
text. This combination of traditional and electronic formats, text, “In some of the chapters we have drawn heavily from
we believe, will make this edition of Campbell’s Operative authoritative articles on special subjects; the author gratefully
Orthopaedics easily accessible and useable in any situation, acknowledges his indebtedness for this material.” We are
making it easier for orthopaedists to ensure the highest indeed grateful, and honored and humbled, to be the conduit
quality of patient care. of such remarkable skill and knowledge that help us to make
The true “heroes” of this work are our dedicated authors, the most current information available to our readers. We
who are willing to endure time away from their families and hope that this latest edition of Campbell’s Operative Orthopae-
their practices to make sure that their contributions are as dics will prove to be a valuable tool in providing the best of
up-to-date and informational as possible. The revision process care to orthopaedic patients.
is lengthy and arduous, and we are truly appreciative of the
time and effort expended by all of our contributors. As always, S. Terry Canale, MD
the personnel of the Campbell Foundation—Kay Daugherty, James H. Beaty, MD
ix
VIDEO CONTENTS
PART II Video 12-2: Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Thomas W. Throckmorton
RECONSTRUCTIVE PROCEDURES Video 12-3: Total Elbow Arthroplasty
OF THE HIP IN ADULTS Andrew H. Crenshaw, Jr
Video 12-4: Total Elbow Arthroplasty
3  Arthroplasty of the Hip Thomas W. Throckmorton
Video 3-1: Mini-Incision Total Hip Arthroplasty
John R. Crockarell, Jr.
PART IX
Video 3-2: Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy for Total Hip
Revision Arthroplasty
John R. Crockarell, Jr., and Greg D. Dabov CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
Video 3-3: Hip Revision
William W. Mihalko
29  Congenital Anomalies of the Lower Extremity
Video 29-1: Polydactyly of the Foot: Toe Amputation
PART III Jeffrey R. Sawyer
RECONSTRUCTIVE PROCEDURES
OF THE KNEE IN ADULTS PART XI
7  Arthroplasty of the Knee FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS
Video 7-1: Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Replacement IN CHILDREN
James L. Guyton
Video 7-2: Total Knee/Ligament Balancing 36  Fractures and Dislocations in Children
James L. Guyton Video 36-1: Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus:
Pinning Technique
Video 7-3: Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty
James H. Beaty
James W. Harkess
Video 36-2: Screw Fixation of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Video 7-4: Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
William C. Warner, Jr.
Gregory Dabov
9  Soft Tissue Procedures and Corrective  PART XII
Osteotomies about the Knee
Video 9-1: Supracondylar Osteotomy for the Arthritic
Valgus Knee
THE SPINE
Andrew H. Crenshaw, Jr
38  Fractures, Dislocations, and  
PART IV Fracture-Dislocations of the Spine
Video 38-1: Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Keith D. Williams
RECONSTRUCTIVE PROCEDURES
OF THE ANKLE IN ADULTS
41  Scoliosis and Kyphosis
10  Total Ankle Arthroplasty Video 41-1: VEPTR Insertion
Jeffrey R. Sawyer
Video 10-1: Chevron Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus
E. Greer Richardson and G. Andrew Murphy Video 41-2: VEPTR Adjustment
Jeffrey R. Sawyer
Video 41-3: Posterior Segmental Instrumentation
PART V
Using Pedicle Screws and Direct Vertebral Rotation
for Idiopathic Scoliosis
RECONSTRUCTIVE PROCEDURES
Barney L. Freeman III
OF THE SHOULDER AND ELBOW
IN ADULTS
42  Lower Back Pain and Disorders of 
12  Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty Intervertebral Discs
Video 12-1: Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Video 42-1: Lumbar Microdiscectomy
Thomas W. Throckmorton Keith D. Williams
xv
xvi  VIDEO CONTENTS
44  Other Disorders of the Spine 57  Fractures of the Shoulder, Arm, and Forearm
Video 44-1: Posterior Cervical Fusion Video 57-1: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of
Francis X. Camillo Clavicular Fracture
George W. Wood II
Video 57-2: Intramedullary Nailing of Forearm Fractures
PART XIII Andrew H. Crenshaw, Jr.
SPORTS MEDICINE
PART XVIII
45  Knee Injuries
Video 45-1: ACL Reconstruction Using Central Third
Patellar Tendon THE HAND
Robert H. Miller III
Video 45-2: Osteochondral Allograft 69  Wrist Disorders
Frederick M. Azar Video 69-1: Scaphoid Repair: Dorsal Approach
Video 45-3: Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation George W. Wood II
Frederick M. Azar and Robert H. Miller III
71  Paralytic Hand
Video 45-4: Operative Treatment of Recurrent Lateral
Patellar Instability Video 71-1: Ligamentous Reconstruction of the Thumb with
Frederick M. Azar and Robert H. Miller III Tenodesis Interposition Graft Using Biotenodesis Screw
Mark T. Jobe
Video 45-5: Allograft B-PT-B Preparation for ACL Reconstruction
Frederick M. Azar
Video 45-6: Hamstring Graft Harvest
Frederick M. Azar
PART XIX
Video 45-7: Tibial Tuberosity Allograft
Frederick M. Azar
THE FOOT AND ANKLE
48  Traumatic Disorders
Video 48-1: Four Compartment Fasciotomy of the Leg
81  Disorders of the Hallux
Edward A. Perez
Video 81-1: Modified Keller Bunionectomy
E. Greer Richardson and G. Andrew Murphy
PART XIV Video 81-2: Chevron Osteotomy for Hallux Balgus
E. Greer Richardson
82  Disorders of Tendons and Fascia and 
ARTHROSCOPY
Adolescent and Adult Pes Planus
Video 82-1: Surgical Repair of Subluxation or Dislocation
52  Arthroscopy of the Upper Extremity
of the Peroneal Tendons
Video 52-1: Rotator Cuff Repair E. Greer Richardson
Barry Phillips
Video 82-2: FHL Transfer for Insertional Achilles Tendinosis
G. Andrew Murphy
Video 82-3: Posterior Tibial Tendon Reconstruction with
PART XV
Calcaneal Osteotomy and Flexor Digitorum Longus Transfer
G. Andrew Murphy
FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS Video 82-4: Surgical Repair of Longitudinal Split Tear of
IN ADULTS Peroneus Brevis Tendon
G. Andrew Murphy and E. Greer Richardson
54  Fractures of the Lower Extremity
Video 82-5: Surgical Repair of Anterior Tibial Tendon Rupture
Video 54-1: Percutaneous Plating of Distal Femoral Fractures David R. Richardson
George W. Wood II
88  Fractures and Dislocations of the Foot
55  Fractures and Dislocations of the Hip Video 88-1: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of
Video 55-1: Reconstruction Nailing of Femoral Fractures Calcaneal Fractures
Andrew H. Crenshaw, Jr. G. Andrew Murphy