Campaigns and Elections (Fourth Edition) PDF
Preview Campaigns and Elections (Fourth Edition)
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Copyright © 2022, 2019, 2018, 2015, 2014, 2012 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. All rights reserved Editor: Peter Lesser Associate Editor: Anna Olcott Project Editor: Kurt Wildermuth Editorial Assistant: Tichina Sewell-Richards Managing Editor, College: Marian Johnson Managing Editor, College Digital Media: Kim Yi Senior Production Manager, College: Sean Mintus Media Editor: Spencer Richardson-Jones Media Associate Editor: Lexi Malakhoff Media Editorial Assistant: Quinn Campbell Media Project Editor: Marcus Van Harpen Ebook Production Manager: Emily Schwoyer, Sophia Purut Marketing Manager, Political Science: Ashley Sherwood Design Director: Rubina Yeh Designer: Lissi Sigillo Photo Editor: Stephanie Romeo Director of College Permissions: Megan Schindel Permissions Associate: Patricia Wong Composition: Westchester Publishing Services Permission to use copyrighted material is included on page C-1. ISBN 978-0-393-87208-8 (ebk.) ISBN 978-0-393-44168-0 (pbk.) W. W. 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Norton & Company, Ltd., Castle House, 15 Carlisle Street, London W1D 3BS Ebook version: 1.1-retailer Contents Preface xi 1 Introduction 2 A Framework for Understanding Campaigns and Elections 8 Evaluating Campaigns and Elections 15 Conclusion 23 2 The American Electoral Process 26 Who Can Vote 30 How to Vote 37 Who Can Run 41 When Elections Are Held 45 Where to Run 47 Who Wins 57 Conclusion 60 3 The Transformation of American Campaigns 62 The First Campaign Era: Pre-Democratic Campaigns, 1788– 1824 64 The Second Campaign Era: Mass Mobilization Campaigns, 1828–92 68 The Third Campaign Era: Progressive Era Campaigns, 1896– 1948 75 The Fourth Campaign Era: Candidate Campaigns, 1952– 2012 79 The Fifth Campaign Era: Contemporary Campaigns, 2016– Present 85 Conclusion 91 4 Financing Campaigns 94 Rules for Donors 98 Rules for Spenders 106 Campaign Finance Rules and Political Strategy 111 The Debate over Campaign Finance Reform 117 Campaign Finance and the Political System 125 Conclusion 126 5 Modern Campaign Strategies 128 How Are Campaign Strategies Constructed? 131 Strategic Campaign Decisions 140 Campaign Strategists 155 Conclusion 159 6 Political Parties 162 What Are Political Parties? 165 Why Do We Have Parties? 167 The Democratic and Republican Parties 168 Why Two Major Parties? 170 What Roles Do Parties Play in Campaigns? 171 How Rules and Reality Constrain Parties 177 Are Political Parties in Decline? 179 Party Evolution and Polarization 180 Evaluating Political Parties 182 Conclusion 184 7 Interest Groups 186 Types of Interest Groups 189 Why Does the United States Have So Many Interest Groups? 190 How Are Interest Groups Involved in Campaigns? 193 Rules, Reality, and Interest Group Strategies 197 Interest Group Campaign Influence 198 Evaluating Interest Groups 205 Conclusion 206 8 Media 208 Who Are the News Media? 211 Government’s Limited Oversight of the News Media 216 The Business of News and the Norm of Objectivity 217 What Does the Media Cover, and How? 222 How Do Candidates and the News Media Interact? 229 Evaluating the News Media’s Role in Campaigns 235 Conclusion 237 9 Presidential Campaigns 240 Goals of Presidential Campaigns 243 Winning the Nomination 244 The National Conventions 252 The General Election 255 Conclusion 274 10 Congressional Campaigns 278 Rules, Reality, and Who Runs for Congress 281 Campaign Organization and Funding 285 The Nomination Process 287 The General Election 290 The Incumbency Advantage 295 The Competitiveness of Congressional Races 298 Conclusion 300 11 State and Local Campaigns 302 Rules and Reality in Local Elections 307 Rules and Reality in State Elections 310 Campaign Strategies Big and Small 316 The Push toward Professionalization 318 Accountability and Representation in State and Local Politics 323 The Paradox of State and Local Elections 325 Conclusion 326 12 Voter Participation 328 What Is Electoral Participation? 330 Comparing Participation in the United States and Other Countries 334 Why Do People Participate in Campaigns and Elections? 336
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