Cambridge IGCSE Geography Coursebook with CD-ROM (Cambridge International IGCSE) PDF
Preview Cambridge IGCSE Geography Coursebook with CD-ROM (Cambridge International IGCSE)
Gary Cambers and Steve Sibley Cambridge IGCSE® Geography Coursebook Completely Cambridge – Cambridge resources for Cambridge qualifi cations Cambridge University Press works closely with University of Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) as parts of the University of Cambridge. We enable thousands of students to pass their CIE exams by providing comprehensive, high-quality, endorsed resources. To find out more about University of Cambridge International Examinations visit www.cie.org.uk To find out more about Cambridge University Press visit www.cambridge.org/cie CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521757843 © Cambridge University Press 2010 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2010 5th printing 2012 Printed in India by Replika Press Pvt. Ltd A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-75784-3 Paperback with CD-ROM for Windows and Mac Cover image: Boaz Rottem /Alamy Illustrations: Kathy Baxendale and Pete Smith Photo research: Suzanne Williams ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of University of Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. CONTENTS Introduction Part A Geographical Themes – Preparing for Paper 1 Theme 1 Population and Settlement Topic 1 Population growth Case Study 1a: Rapid population growth in Niger Case Study 1b: Population decline in Russia Topic 2 Too many or too few? Case Study 2a: Overpopulation in Nigeria Case Study 2b: Underpopulation in Australia Topic 3 Population structure and control Case Study 3a: Reducing population in China Case Study 3b: Increasing population in Singapore Topic 4 Population density Case Study 4a: Low population density in Namibia Case Study 4b: High population density in Japan Topic 5 International migration Case Study 5: Polish workers move into the UK Topic 6 Rural settlements Case Study 6a: Rural settlement in Ethiopia Case Study 6b: Rural settlement in France Topic 7 Urban settlements Case Study 7a: Urban settlements in Sardinia Case Study 7b: Barcelona – urban land use Topic 8 Urbanisation Case Study 8a: Urbanisation in Peru – Lima Case Study 8b: Urbanisation in India – Mumbai Topic 9 Urban problems Case Study 9a: Urban problems and solutions – Cairo Case Study 9b: Urban problems and solutions – Baltimore Topic 10 Urban sprawl Case Study 10: Urban sprawl in Atlanta Global Issue 1 HIV/AIDS iii Contents Theme 2 The Natural Environment Topic 11 Plate tectonics Case Study 11a: A volcano in Chile Case Study 11b: An earthquake in China Topic 12 Weathering Topic 13 Rivers – from source to mouth Case Study 13a River erosion – Niagara Falls Case Study 13b River deposition – the Ganges delta Topic 14 Coasts Case Study 14a Coastal erosion – The Twelve Apostles Case Study 14b Coastal deposition – the Hel spit Topic 15 Coral reefs Case Study 15 The Great Barrier Reef, Australia Topic 16 Weather and climate Topic 17 Tropical rainforests Case Study 17 Madagascar’s rainforest Topic 18 Hot deserts Case Study 18 The Sahara Desert and Mali Topic 19 Natural hazards Case Study 19a Cyclone Nargis – Myanmar Case Study 19b Drought in Australia Topic 20 Human activity has impacts Case Study 20a Floods in Mozambique Case Study 20b National Parks in Costa Rica Global Issue 2 Reducing carbon emissions iv Cambridge IGCSE Geography Contents Theme 3 Economic Development and the Use of Resources Topic 21 Agriculture Case Study 21a Subsistence agriculture in Brazil Case Study 21b Commercial agriculture in New Zealand Topic 22 Food shortages Case Study 22 Famine in Darfur, Sudan Topic 23 Work and employment Case Study 23a Changing employment – South Africa Case Study 23b Changing employment – Russia Topic 24 Manufacturing industry Case Study 24 Manufacturing steel – Pakistan Topic 25 Hi-tech industry Case Study 25 Hi-tech industry in Bangalore Topic 26 Tourism Case Study 26a Tourism in the Seychelles Case Study 26b Tourism in Dubai Topic 27 Energy supply and demand Case Study 27a Fuelwood in D.R. Congo Case Study 27b Oil in Saudi Arabia Case Study 27c Renewable energy in Iceland Topic 28 Generating electricity Case Study 28 Electricity generation in France Topic 29 Water Case Study 29 The Lesotho Highlands Water Project Topic 30 Damaging the environment Case Study 30a Soil erosion in Nepal Case Study 30b Global warming – the Maldives Case Study 30c Deforestation in Amazonia, Brazil Topic 31 Conservation and management Case Study 31a The Arctic Case Study 31b The Antarctic Global Issue 3 Reduce, reuse, recycle v Contents Part B Geographical Skills – Preparing for Paper 2 Map work 1 Monsefu, Peru Map work 2 Harare, Zimbabwe Map work 3 Ewaso Kedong, Kenya Map work 4 Montego Bay, Jamaica Map work 5 Negara, Indonesia Map work 6 Le Port, Reunion Island So what map skills do we need? Part C The Alternative to Coursework – Preparing for Paper 4 Topic 1 Investigating the CBD Topic 2 Investigating rivers Topic 3 Investigating tourism Topic 4 Investigating weather So what coursework could we do? Supplementary materials Support sheets Sample questions and marking schemes Mapwork Maps 1–11 Triangular Graph Paper Resources World map Glossary Index Acknowledgements vi Cambridge IGCSE Geography INTRODUCTION The Cambridge IGCSE Geography coursebook has been written specifi cally to prepare students for Papers 1, 2 and 4 of the CIE examination. Part A: Geographical Themes – Preparing for Paper 1 Part A deals with the syllabus themes in the order of the syllabus. As the contents page illustrates, there is a close and deliberate link in Part A to the syllabus. The following three themes are covered: Theme 1: Population and Settlement Theme 2: The Natural Environment Theme 3: Economic Development and the Use of Resources. The authors have translated the syllabus themes into 31 generic topics, each of which is covered on a double-page spread to introduce the topic. Twenty-nine of these topics are then followed by at least one but usually two case studies of topical and relevant examples from over 40 different countries, most of which have CIE centres where candidates take the IGCSE Geography examination. The three case study questions on Paper 1 are worth 21 out of 75 marks, so centres that have been requesting resources to prepare candidates more effectively for this part of the examination will fi nd a wide range of examples to use. All are resource-based and involve problem-solving and free-response writing as required. At the end of each set of case studies there is a sample case study question provided for students to attempt, based on the examples provided or from others they have been taught. A global issue is studied at the end of each theme, and a full world map showing countries covered by the case studies is provided at the start (on page 2). Part B: Geographical Skills – Preparing for Paper 2 This paper is mainly skills-based and tests a candidate’s ability to handle various ways of depicting geographical information without requiring specifi c place- knowledge as in Paper 1. As one examination question will be based on a large- scale (1:25 000 or 1:50 000) topographical map of a tropical area, Part B of the textbook provides six examples of such maps, from Peru, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Jamaica, Indonesia and Reunion Island. Teachers will fi nd previous examinations have used maps of the Caribbean, Zimbabwe, and Mauritius. For each country an extract of a map is provided with examples of map skills questions. Further work continues developing map skills as well as dealing with topics of relevance within each country that relates to the map extract. The authors are well aware how diffi cult it is to obtain international maps of tropical areas at the two scales needed; the six map extracts provided here will supplement those obtained from previous examinations. vii Introduction Part C: The Alternative to Coursework – Preparing for Paper 4 Paper 3 is the coursework component and is not dealt with in detail here, although aspects of fi eldwork and coursework are touched on in Part C. Paper 4 is taken by candidates as a written examination instead of carrying out coursework and/or fi eldwork. Four topics – two physical and two human – are covered with investigations into the Central Business District (CBD), Rivers, Tourism, and the Weather – all topics that previously have been set on Paper 4. Each investigation begins with a double-page spread that illustrates how fi eldwork could be carried out on each of these topics. Then, taking a recent question on the topic, there is a detailed analysis of candidate answers with examination tips provided, as well as opportunities for students to assess answers. The fi nal exercise provides examples of coursework topics that are undertaken in several CIE centres in different countries. These suggest the type of fi eldwork or coursework that teachers might consider introducing. Although the majority of centres do choose Paper 4 as an alternative to coursework, it is important that teachers try to carry out some local fi eldwork, which Part C attempts to encourage. Supplementary materials In this e-book version of Cambridge IGCSE Geography, the CD-ROM content is included as ‘supplementary materials’. These materials are as follows: Outline maps: These are always useful for teachers to use with several tasks. Eleven outline maps are provided covering the major regions of the world. Support sheets: Forty-two photocopiable support sheets – at least one per topic and one for each map work section – are provided here. In most cases they provide help with sketches and graph work and supplement the topics and case studies. Sample questions: Thirty-one full sample questions are provided in exactly the same style and format as they occur on Paper 1. Each question has a part a and b with resources to respond to; the case study, which is provided in the textbook, is added to complete a full question. Mark schemes are also provided for teachers to use. Gary Cambers and Steve Sibley viii Cambridge IGCSE Geography
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