Cambridge English. Objective Proficiency - Second Edition. Student's Book - Part 2

139 Pages·122.942 MB·English

by  Capel Annette, Sharp Wendy.

Defining happiness
1
What makes you happy? Explain the meaning of these quotes @ tdiom spot
and say which comes closest to your own views.
2E
'Happiness is not being pained in body or troubled in mindl Listen again for the following idioms and
expressions and explain their meaning.
A person is never huppy except at the price of some ignorancei a be on cloud nine (Speaker r)
'The happiness of your life depends upon the quality of your b through rose-tinted spectacles (Speaker z)
c beyond my wildest dreams (Speaker z)
thoughtsi d in my book (Speaker
3)
'Happiness resides not in possessions, and not in gold - e put yourself on the line (Speaker 4)
happiness dwells in the soull f feel under the weather (Speaker 4)
g tip the balance (Speaker
'You're happiest while you're making the greatest contribution.' 5)
Choose four ofthe expressions above to use of
situations r-4.
r ln a roomful of people, Jack was the only one
[istening
to stand up and challenge the speaker.
z Fiona chooses to remember only the good
2 Before listening, check your understanding of these words by things about her teenage years.
3 I think children should show respect for their
putting them into three meaning groups.
elders.
bliss contagious elation ephemeral 4 They were undecided whether to take the
day off, but then they saw the sun was
euphoria fleeting infectious
invasive shining.
momentary rapture transient virulent
3 2trEYou will hear five short extracts in which different people are talking about the nature of happiness.
TASK ONE TASK TWO
For questions l-5, choose from the list (A-H) For questions 6-10, choose from the list (A-H)
which ingredient each speaker sees as contributing which huppy memory each speaker mentions.
to happiness.
While you listen, you must complete both tasks.
A intellectual stimulation m A enjoying a cosy environment re
B domestic harmony Speaker I B feeling at one with nature Speaker I r
C spectacular tE C making a contribution
Speaker 2 society SPeaker 2
surroundings E to m
D financial security Speaker 3 r D achieving a goal as a team Soeaker 3
E success at work E discovering a secret place ' m
F physical fitness Speaker 4 F receiving a valuable gift Speaker 4
E m
G close friendships G experiencing something new
H mental well-being Speaker 5 H winning a to.rrnament" SPeaker 5
uNrru
-}.1
Vocabulary But a word of warning - don't mix your metaphors! For example,
it would sound odd to talk about a wave of sympathy igniting,
Metaphor
because waves are not associated with fire.
@ styt. extra
ln the recording, one speaker talks about
infectious Iaughter, using the adjective
minor complaints
metaphorically. The Cambridge English Corpus
shows that many words to do with illness and a glut of
health are used in this way.
4
Form collocates from the adjectives
(list A) and nouns / noun phrases (list
B) below. There may be more than one
possible match.
7
ln this extract from My family and other animals,the writer
and naturalist Cerald Durrell recalls his idyllic childhood on the
island of Corfu. For questions r*8, read the text and decide which
answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
flaw in the argument
Gradually the magic of the island settled over us as gently and clingingly
(1)
as pollen. Those days were , each with a tranquility, a
timelessness, about it, so that you (2) ................ it would
never end. But then the dark skin of night would
(3) ................ and there would be a fresh day waiting
for us, glossy and colourful as a child's transfer, and
(4)
with the same of unreality. In the morning,
Here are some sets of verbs that are when I woke, the bedroom shutters were luminous and
often used metaphorically. Give each set barred with gold from the rising sun. The (5)
a heading to reflect meaning and add morning air was full of the scent of charcoal from the
any similar verbs. kitchen fire, full of eager cockcrows, the distant (6) ...........
of dogs, and the unsteady, melancholy (7) ................ of the
EXAMPLE: breakout, erupt, hurt,
goat-bells as the flocks were driven out to pasture. We ate
wound medical/health brealdast, a leisurely and silent (8) ................ , out in the
similar verb: ache garden, under the small tangerine trees.
a
bloom, flourish, mushroom, spring up I Acompatible Bidyllic C spotless Dpicturesque
b flow, ooze, ripple out, trickle 2 Awanted Byearned Cwished Daspired
c burn out, flare up, ignite, smoulder 3 A hang back B draw in C peel off D spring up
d blow up, break, rage, sweep 4Astain Bshield Cfleck
Dtinge
e dazzle,light up, shine, sparkle 5 Aheady Bstrong Cinfectious Drobust
f
boil, bubble, simmer, stew 6Ableat Byup Cscreech Dpurr
Make a noun phrase by combining an 7 A song B hum C tune Dbuzz
expression from list A at the top of the 8 Acontest Bincident C episode Daffair
page with one from list B. Then use the Where in the text does Durrell use similes and metaphor?
phrase in your own sentence, continuing
the theme with a suitable verb from 5. Think of a particular moment when you were utterly content.
EXAMILE: A flash of wild inspiration Where were you? What was happening around you? Describe the
sparkled in her eyes. scene and explain how you felt, making use of metaphor.
DEFINING HAPPINESS
1 The following lists relating to happiness summarise the views of
the Creek philosopher Epicurus. How far do they still hold true
today, in your opinion? Would you add anything in each column?
2 Read this text about Epicurus. For questions r-8, think of the word
which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.
Comment on the following statements,
Life of Epicurus
which illustrate various ways of making
comparisons. You don't have to agree!
picurus, who was born on lhe verdanl island a I'm as huppy now as I was at the age
of Samos, took early (0) .................-T-9 of 10.
philosophy. When only 14, he started travelling, to Id far rather spend time with close
learn lrom the likes 0f the Platonist Pamphilus. Finding friends at home than be wined and
(l) ..............
himself at with much of this
dined at expensive restaurants.
teaching, he decided t0 define his own philosophy of life. Id much sooner be a penniless
(21..................... immediatelysetthisphilosophy
student than a lonely millionaire.
apart fr0m other lines 0f thought was its emphasis Possessing wealth is nowhere near as
on sensual pleasure. (3) ................... , if any, important as being in good health.
philosophers had ever made admissions of this kind and Listening to recordings of live
Epicurus shocked many, n0t (4) ........................................ when concerts is nothing like as
he set up a school (5) .................... very aim was exhilarating as taking part in an
[0 prom0te happiness. Nevertheless, despite 0utrage actual live event.
and criticism, his teachings at[racted support and Watching a football match is not
spread (6) .................... afield, from Syria to Gaul. nearly as much fun as playing in
Even [oday, Epicurus's name lives (7)
one.
in many languages in adjectival form - in English,
Going on holiday is by far the best
'Epicurean' signifies being dedicated to the pursuit of remedy for a broken heart.
pleasure.
Relaxing by a warm fire is a good
In fac[, Epicurus drank water rather than wine, and deal better than being out in a
usually restricted his diet t0 bread, vegetables and a snowstorm.
palmful of olives. (B) ..................... were the tastes
0f the man who, after rati0nal analysis, had reached
the striking conclusion that the essential ingredients of
happiness were the most inexpensive, however elusive
they might be.
uNrT u
Read sentences a and b.Then complete sentences List all the synonyms you know for happy and decide
c-h using similar comparative structures with your which meaning from 5 is closest in each case. Then
own ideas. write an example sentence for each synonym, using
a The sooner the country clears its debts, the better the comparative or superlative form where possible.
things will be. EXAMPLE: exhilarated PLEASED
b The later we hold the party, the more people will The more exhilarated you feel, the less
be able to come. you want to sleep!
c
The more possessions you own, the
For questions t-6, complete the second sentence so
d The wider the gap between rich and poor, the that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using the word given. Do not change the word
given. You must use between three and eight words,
including the word given.
I
Their mother was determined to visit Paris and
nothing would stop her.
set
h The more anxious Paris and nothing would stop her.
the 2 Graham took back his words on noticing there
were fresh strawberries on the menu.
tune
Graham
Vocabulary
noticed fresh strawberries were on the menu.
Synonyms 3 We found it difficult not to laugh because the
situation was so funny.
5
The word hoppy has different meanings. Match keep
the guidewords in capitals to sentences a-d. Then We found it difficult to
say which meaning the two dictionary entries for such a funny
synonyms of happy are closest to. situation.
PLEASED WILLING NOT WORRIED LUCKY fenny felt elated when she won the regional
a Id be more than huppy to help you get ready for skating competition.
the party. cloud
b Mum would be happier if I didnt have to travel fenny was ..................... place
alone overnight. in the regional skating competition.
c Meeting Mike at the concert like that was a Reading a thriller is far more enjoyable if you
happy accident. dont know the ending.
d People are generally at their happiest when the nowhere
sun is shining. Reading a thriller is
fun if you
fortunate /'fcr.tJ.1.s17 @ /'fc:r-l adj aemowNc lucky:
already know the ending.
[+ fo infinitive] You're uery fortunate to haue found such a
louely house. o He was fortunate in his choice of assistant. Ralph needs to move out quickly in order to get
o [+ f/raf] It was fortunate that they had left in plenty of on with his life.
fime. A The opposite is unfofiunate.
sooner
The..................
... as to get on
ecstatic /rk'stet.rk, @ /-'ste!-/ adj exremely happy:
with his life.
The new president was greeted by an eatatic crowd.
DEFINING HAPPINESS
@ rxam spot
Remember the importance of reformulation -you will lose
marks if you use words that occur in the texts.Think of
synonyms you can use instead.
Use the pictures to help you define the term'quality
4
Read the Exam spot and then read the sample answer
of life'.
on page r49. Underline any words and phrases
What other factors are involved besides the ones that have been 'lifted'from the texts and rewrite
illustrated? Discuss your ideas with a partner. them. Quoted terms do not need to be replaced. For
example, it would be better to change the underlined
These factors are often used to measure quality of
parts of the first paragraph as follows.
life. Which did your discussion in t include?
climate
gender equality ln both ca*s, hnlthinese is seen ds a crucial altribufe,
expectancy
life political freedom since il dictales whether somoone un hold down a job,
stability in relationships job security
and therefore ifiIuences other 4ualitl of life' indicalors.
3
Look at this exam task.
Write an essay summarising and evaluating the key points from both texts.
Use your own words throughout as far as possible, and include your own
ideas in your answer.
tTt
he phrase 'quality of life' embraces a number
I of different aspects, including physical health, Every yeor, much mediq ottention is given to
'quolity of life', usuolly following the publicotion
emotional well-being, material wealth, community
of reports indicoting the best cities to live in, the
life, political stabiliry job satisfaction, and even
most temperote world climotes, the country with
geography and climate. Only the most fortunate of
the sofest economy, ond so on. Such onolyses ore
individuals will have access to 'perfect' conditions
interesting, but how much use con the individuol
in all categories, and the various quality-of-life
moke of them? ln spite of odvonces in mobility,
index calculations are averaged-out statistics. Yet
it is unreqlistic for most of us to emigrote to this
it could be argued that a person's state of health
yeor's top country, nor should we hove to toke such
determines their ability to work and benefit
o rodicol step. Everything storts ot home - even
from community life, so is of prime importance.
those who struggle to moke ends meei con enioy o
On the other hand, certain aspects are outside
good quolity of life providing they ore heolthy ond
the individual's control - political freedom, for
supported by friends ond fomily.
example, or the local climate.
uNrT
17
@ ldiom spot
goth turts dul with the concept of qualtty of life ln the second text, the idiom make ends meetis used. What
does it mean?
and considor which factore wihin lhio umbrella lerm Choose suitable idioms to match the cartoons below and
qre tha most imporlant in rulity. ln bolh casot, then explain the meaning of all eight.
phaa-AW cut corners
is seen as being of Primo inPortance.
down and out
since rt deturmines an individual's ability to work and
keep your head above water
will defermine manv of fhe olher asoects too. feel the pinch
-lhe in the red
firsl text gives 4n overview of the factors that
on a shoestring
go to make up a pers0n'6 qualty of ltfe, nenlioning tighten your belt
hulth and well-being, ncial involvement, worK, fho a rough ride
political etalus quo and the local climate. Not only
doe,s it underlino the fact lhat wilhout good hwtth,
job utisfaction and an active and fulfilling role in
lhe community are impossible, bul also, it argues
thal aome aepecb cdnnot be changod - political
focrground and freodom, for orample.
'the
second fext focu*e on fhe annual phenomenon
of quality-oJ-life indexes and, while viewing them
aa informativo, questione the value of thoir having
such prominence in tho media. For most of ue, if ia
academic which city in the world has the best qudlily
of lifz as we hqve no rwl oPPoftunitl to uproof our
existence and rus:h to efurt a new life thore. Nor is
it nocetsary, 4rgue6 the writor, as a good qualtty of
Iife is olitt possi\lle, provided that the individual is
hulthy and supportad by friende and family.
While lhis may bo Irue up to a poinl, if ia
nevorthelees going to be far more dfficult for people
trapped in poverty lo gain a qualtty of life equal
to that of people at the other end of lhe wulth
spectrum - eepecially in our malerialist sociel,1,
where posseaeions seem to count for so much and
wo lre constantly encouraged to wish for more.
DEFINING HAPPINESS