Cambodia

319 Pages·2012·2.59 MB·English

Cambodia
2016 Country Review
http://www.countrywatch.com
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 1
Country Overview 1
Country Overview 2
Key Data 4
Cambodia 5
Asia 6
Chapter 2 8
Political Overview 8
History 9
Political Conditions 11
Political Risk Index 35
Political Stability 49
Freedom Rankings 64
Human Rights 76
Government Functions 79
Government Structure 80
Principal Government Officials 86
Leader Biography 88
Leader Biography 88
Foreign Relations 93
National Security 99
Defense Forces 105
Chapter 3 107
Economic Overview 107
Economic Overview 108
Nominal GDP and Components 111
Population and GDP Per Capita 112
Real GDP and Inflation 113
Government Spending and Taxation 114
Money Supply, Interest Rates and Unemployment 115
Foreign Trade and the Exchange Rate 116
Data in US Dollars 117
Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units 118
Energy Consumption and Production QUADS 120
World Energy Price Summary 121
CO2 Emissions 122
Agriculture Consumption and Production 123
World Agriculture Pricing Summary 125
Metals Consumption and Production 126
World Metals Pricing Summary 129
Economic Performance Index 130
Chapter 4 142
Investment Overview 142
Foreign Investment Climate 143
Foreign Investment Index 145
Corruption Perceptions Index 158
Competitiveness Ranking 169
Taxation 178
Stock Market 179
Partner Links 179
Chapter 5 181
Social Overview 181
People 182
Human Development Index 183
Life Satisfaction Index 187
Happy Planet Index 198
Status of Women 207
Global Gender Gap Index 211
Culture and Arts 220
Etiquette 221
Travel Information 221
Diseases/Health Data 232
Chapter 6 238
Environmental Overview 238
Environmental Issues 239
Environmental Policy 240
Greenhouse Gas Ranking 241
Global Environmental Snapshot 252
Global Environmental Concepts 263
International Environmental Agreements and Associations 277
Appendices 302
Bibliography 303
Cambodia
Chapter 1
Country Overview
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Cambodia
Country Overview
CAMBODIA
Cambodia became a protectorate of France in 1863, and was made part of the French Indochina
Union in the 1880s. Cambodia gained independence from France in 1953, and the country became
the Kingdom of Cambodia under King Sihanouk, who became prime minister in 1955 and head of
state in 1960. Sihanouk had stable control of the country until the mid-1960s, but as the Vietnam
War intensified after 1965, the political conditions in Cambodia became more complicated.
By 1970, the Cambodian monarchy was abolished and the Southeast Asian country was
proclaimed to be the Khmer Republic. Following a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge
forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1.7
million people died from execution, starvation, disease or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese
invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off more than a decade of
fighting.
The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully
respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some normalcy
under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a
second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government
and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early
1999.
In October 2004, the Cambodian National Assembly ratified an agreement with the United Nations
on the establishment of a tribunal to bring genocide charges against Khmer Rouge leaders, and the
tribunal opened its first trial in March 2009.
Since 1999, as peace resumed after three decades of war and unrest, the country has made
significant progress in economic performance. However, Cambodia remains one of the poorest
countries in the world, as decades of war and internal conflict have ruined the physical, social,
human, and economic foundations necessary for growth and development.
As regards domestic politics in Cambodia, the landscape has lately been characterized by
dissonance. Since the 2013 parliamentary elections that gave victory to the ruling Cambodian
People's Party (CPP) and Prime Minister Hun Sen, there have been intermittent bursts of mass
demonstrations and unrest in Cambodia.
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Cambodia
Editor's Note:
Largely organized by the United Nations, war crimes trials were intended to bring to justice those
responsible for the deaths of close to two million Cambodians -- a quarter of the country's entire
population -- during the brutal totalitarian rule of the Khmer Rouge regime between 1975 and
1979. During that period, the Khmer Rouge specifically targeted the intelligentsia, while the rest of
the population was subject to starvation, medical neglect, forced to work as slaves on agrarian
collectives, ultimately often dying via execution. Khmer Rouge leader, Pol Pot, died in 1998
without every really having to account for his crimes. Although a former regime leader, Ta Mok,
and a chief jailer, Kang Keng Ieu, were detained for several years, several other members of the
regime continued to live freely and with impunity in Cambodia. Only in recent times have Pol Pot's
"Brother Number Two" Nuon Chea, former head of state Khieu Samphan, and former Foreign
Minister Ieng Sary been taken into custody. In 2010, only Kang Keng Ieu or "Duch" -- had
actually faced justice by being tried and convicted by the international tribunal. To date,
accountability for those responsible for the "Killing Fields" of Cambodia remains an issue and
continues to be a source of grave consternation for the families of the victims.

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Cambodia
Key Data
Key Data
Region: Asia
Population: 15708756
Tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December
Climate:
to April);little seasonal temperature variation.
Khmer (Official)
Languages:
French
Currency: 1 new riel (CR) = 100 sen
Holiday: Independence Day is 9 November (1949), National Day is 7 January
Area Total: 181040
Area Land: 176520
Coast Line: 443
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Cambodia
Cambodia
Country Map
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Cambodia
Asia
Regional Map
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