California’s Fading Wildflowers: Lost Legacy and Biological Invasions PDF
Preview California’s Fading Wildflowers: Lost Legacy and Biological Invasions
California's Fading Wildflowers California's Fading Wildflowers Thispageintentionallyleftblank CCaalliiffoorrnniiaa''ss FFaaddiinngg WWiillddfflloowweerrss LLoosstt LLeeggaaccyy aanndd BBiioollooggiiccaall lInnuvaassiioonnss RRiicchhaarrdd AA.. MMiinnnniicchh U"iIVFRSITY OF CALlFOR!\'IA PRESS Berkeley . Los A/1geles . LO/1do/1 UniversitvofCaliforniaPress,oneofthemost distingui~heduniversitypressesintheUnitedStates, enricheslivesaroundtheworldbyadvancingscholar shipinthehumanities,social sciences,and natural sciences.Itsactivitiesaresupported bvtheUC:: Press Foundationand byphilanthropiccontributionsfrom individualsandinstitutions. Formore information, visit\VW\v.l1cpress.edu. UniversityofCaliforniaPress Berkeleyand LosAngeles,California UnivetsityofCaliforniaPress,Ltd. London, England ©2008 bvTheRegentsofthe Universit) ofCalifornia LibrarvofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData \'VIrlrininn~icchh,, RRi~cchhaardrdAA .. 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To my parents, my wife 'and foundation Mavia, and my dnzighters Victoria and Jennj: who are taking on lives of their own arzd In memory of my mother, Mariorz Thispageintentionallyleftblank Contents List of Illustrat~ons List of Tables Preface T. The Golden State T 2. I're-Hispanic Herbaceous Vegetiltion L) Spanish Explorations 10 The Vice]-oy Mandate and Spanish "Boran~." J 6 Calitornia Vegetation in the Sixteenth and Sewnteenth Centurivs 19 Desert Scrub Fhed 21 Coastal CC~liforniPa~ 7stoa nd ZLrcatc 2 5 Bajn California r 8 Southern Calitornia z9 Santa Kai-hara to hlonterey 40 hlonterey to Snn Francisco 49 Summer B~rrcnsin the Interior 5 i Flowers an d Barrens 6 T ;. Invasion of Franciscan Annuals, Grazing, and California Pasture in the Nineteenth Century 6 (7 The Bunchgrass-Grazing Hypothesis 6 7 - The X'ritten Rccord, Spanish Land Tenure, ~ n Ddis ciios T (;r<~zingb y Nati1.e Herbivores 7 7 liuildup ot (:attle Selt-Sufficient Grxing Economy Distribution of Cattle "V'ildstock" and hILztL7i1;'7 Cattle Exp~nsionto the Interior nit11 the Gold Rush Wild Horses Sheep Grazing ancl Other Liveiroik Early Expansion of Franciscan Ann~isli Coastal and Interior \'dley P~st~~res Perennial Bunch Grassland Summer Barrens in the Inter~or W~ldtlowersa nd Bunch (;rases In the Dewrr C~rrymgC apacities and Producti~-it!-o f H~storic'~l C,lliiol-ni~P astures Drought, Fluctu;ttio~isin Livestock, aid Or ergrazing Spnce-for-T~meS ubstitution versus Hlstorii,~lR ecords T-T 4. ,\ Century of Bromes and the Fading of California \X'ildtlo\vers r\ Xe~vEx otic Annual Grassland Early ln~asiono f Broines and Other "Second \X'aw" IntasiLes The "Altar Cloth of San Pasquai" Floral Brilliance and Collapse along the '.Circle Tour" "Second \Yra\.e" Invasions and the Fad~ngof C~liforn\~Y,~~ld flo\vers Historical Dewlopment of Exotic Annual Grassland j. Ixssons from the Rose I1arade Notes 26 Appendix r. Spanish plant names for Californi,~v egetation 298 Appendix 3. Selected earliest botanical collections of exotic annual species in California !oj Xppend~s4 . References to n ~ldflowersi n the Los Arzgeler TMCS, The Dcrert hlagmine, and the Rlvcrsidc Press Erzterpr~se ;I 8 References ,3 -,3, Index z i- Illustrations Generalized distribution of exotic annual grassland Routes of Spanish explorers Vegetation recorded by Franciscan expeditions in the California desert Vegetation recorded by Franciscan expeditions in southern California Vegetation recorded by Franciscan expeditions from Santa Barhara to Monterey Vegetation recorded by Franciscan expeditions from Monterey to San Francisco Vegetation recorded by Franciscan expeditions in the Central Valley Lands ~lndeMr exican control, and domestic livestock, I 846 Distribution of antelope and elk during the Spanish- hlexican period Mexican land grants Diseizo of Rancho las Flores Direiio of Rancho Omochumnes Diseiio of Rancho Laguna de Temecula Disciio of Rancho Kew Helvetia Estimated area per animal unit of cattle, 18~0-3I The "Altar Cloth of San Pasqual," Pasadena, 1x9 j The "circle tour" taken by weekend wildflo~vere nthusiasts Wildflowers in the Antelope Valley
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