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Jackson J. Spielvogel, Ph.D. Walter C. Parker, Ph.D.
James A. Banks, Ph.D. James J. Rawls, Ph.D.
Kevin P. Colleary, Ed.D. Rosalía Salinas
Stephen F. Cunha, Ph.D. Emily M. Schell, Ed.D.
Jana Echevarria, Ph.D.
PROGRAM AUTHORS James J. Rawls, Ph.D. Christopher Ehret, Ph.D.
Department of History Professor of History and Linguistics
Jackson J. Spielvogel, Ph.D.
Diablo Valley College University of California
Associate Professor Emeritus
Pleasant Hill, California Los Angeles, California
ofHistory
Pennsylvania State University Rosalía Salínas Joseph R. Rosenbloom, Ph.D.
University Park, Pennsylvania Senior Director Adjunct Professor, Jewish and Near
Learning Resources and Educational EasternStudies
James A. Banks, Ph.D.
TechnologyDivision(retired) Washington University
Russell F. Stark University
San Diego County Office of Education St. Louis, Missouri
Professor and Director, Center
San Diego, California
for Multicultural Education Douglas R. Skopp, Ph.D.
University of Washington Emily M. Schell, Ed.D. Distinguished University Teaching
Seattle, Washington Social Studies Education Director, Professor of History
City Heights Educational State University of New York
Kevin P. Colleary, Ed.D.
Collaborative atPlattsburgh
Curriculum and Teaching Department
Visiting Professor, Teacher Education Plattsburgh, New York
Graduate School of Education
San Diego State University
Fordham University Anand A. Yang, Ph.D.
San Diego, California
New York, New York Director, Henry M. Jackson School
California Geographic of International Studies
Stephen F. Cunha, Ph.D. (cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:74)(cid:71)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:66)
Professor of Geography (cid:40)(cid:40)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:68) Alliance University of Washington
Humboldt State University (cid:34)(cid:34)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:70) Humboldt State University Seattle, Washington
Arcata, California Arcata, California CONSULTANTS
Jana Echevarria, Ph.D. HISTORIANS/SCHOLARS Primary Sources Research
Professor, College of Education Sheilah F. Clarke-Ekong, Ph.D. Library of Congress
California State University Associate Professor of Anthropology Publishing Office
Long Beach, California Research Fellow, International Studies Washington, D.C.
University of Missouri, St. Louis
Walter C. Parker, Ph.D. Reading and Writing
St. Louis, Missouri
Professor of Education and Chair Adria F. Klein, Ph.D.
of Social Studies Education Manuel Chavez, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus
University of Washington Professor, Latin American Studies California State University
Seattle, Washington andJournalism San Bernardino, California
Michigan State University
English Learners
East Lansing, Michigan
Elizabeth Jimenez
Pomona, California
B
Published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,
Two Penn Plaza, New York, New York 10121.
Copyright © 2007 by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or
by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including,
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Printed in the United States of America
ISBN 0-02-150514-4
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 071 10 09 08 07 06
GRADE LEVEL CONSULTANTS Kathleen Brown Michael Haggood
AND REVIEWERS Sixth Grade Teacher Principal
Mitchell Community Los Angeles Unified School District
Kathleen Brown
Elementary School Los Angeles, California
Sixth Grade Teacher
Santa Clarita, California
Mitchell Elementary School Bill Laraway
Santa Clarita, California Stephanie Buttell-Maxin Fifth Grade Teacher
Third Grade Teacher Silver Oak Elementary School
Dennis Hatmaker
Kimball Elementary School San José, California
Sixth Grade History Teacher
National City, California
74th Street Elementary School Sheri Nagel
Los Angeles, California Dr. Tina Cantrell Superintendent of Schools
Former Curriculum Director Central School District
Jerrie Martin
Assistant/Associate Superintendent Rancho Cucamonga, California
Elementary School Teacher
Moorpark Unified School District
74th Street School Dr. Janet Scott
Moorpark, California
Los Angeles, California Principal
Marlene Dane Peres Elementary
Kathryn Robertson
Third Grade Teacher Richmond, California
Sixth Grade Humanities Teacher
Bonita Canyon School
Dana Middle School Maria de los Angeles Villa
Irvine, California
San Diego, California Second Grade Teacher
Bev Farrell-Smith Roosevelt Elementary School
CALIFORNIA EDITORIAL
Second Grade Teacher Pomona, California
ADVISORY BOARD
Mitchell Community
Doua Vu
Ginger Borror Elementary School
Resource Specialist
Sixth Grade Teacher Santa Clarita, California
Office of State and Federal Programs/
Easterby Elementary School
Victoria Ford Title III
Fresno, California
Project Administrator Fresno Unified School District
Tim Broader Monte Vista Elementary School Fresno, California
Elementary Teacher, Grades 3–6 Montclair, California
Claudia West
Susan B. Anthony Elementary School
Debra Gallagher Third Grade Teacher
Fresno, California
First Grade GATE Westlake Hills Elementary
74th Street Elementary School Westlake Village, California
Los Angeles, California
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Epic of Gilgamesh, as retold by Geraldine Cover permission for Hanuman: Based on Valmiki’s
McCaughrean. Illustrated by David Parkins. Text Copyright Ramayana, as retold by Erik Jendresen and Joshua M.
Grateful acknowledgment is given to the following authors, © 2002 by Geraldine McCaughrean. Illustrations Copyright Greene. Paintings by Li Ming. Copyright © 1998 by Stories
composers, and publishers. Every effort has been made © 2002 by David Parkins. Published jointly 2003 in the To Remember. Published by Tricycle Press. All Rights
to trace the ownership of all copyrighted material and to United Kingdom by Oxford University Press, and in the Reserved.
secure the necessary permissions to reprint these selec- United States of America by Eerdmans Books for Young Cover permissions for Confucius: The Golden Rule, Text
tions. In the case of some selections for which acknowledg- Readers, An Imprint of Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. All by Russell Freedman. Illustrated by Frédéric Clément. Text
ment is not given, extensive research has failed to locate the Rights Reserved. Used by Permission. Copyright © 2002 by Russell Freedman. Illustrations for
copyright holders.
Cover permission for Find Out About Mesopotamia: page 32 Copyright © 2002 by Frédéric Clément. Other
You Sing For Me, Words and Music by Raymond K. What Life Was Like in Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria, by Illustrations Copyright © 1997 by Editions La Joie De Lire.
McLain. Copyright © 1975 by McLain Family Music. Lorna Oakes. Consultant – Dr. John Haywood. Copyright © Published by Scholastic, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
International Copyright Secured. All Rights Reserved. Used 2001, 2003 Annes Publishing Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Cover permission for Angela Weaves A Dream: The
by Permission.
Cover permission for Ancient Egypt, Text by Judith Story of a Maya Artist, Text by Michéle Solá. Illustrations
Test of a Friendship, from “The Dancing Palm Tree and Simpson. Consulting Editor Dr. George Hart. Illustrated by by Jeffrey Jay Foxx. Text Copyright © 1997 by Michéle
Other Nigerian Folktales” Yoruba Taleas retold by Barbara Paul Bachem, Kerri Gibbs, Mike Gorman, et al. Copyright Solá. Illustrations Copyright © 1997 by Jeffrey Jay Foxx.
Walker, 1968. Copyright © 1990 by Lubbock: Texas Tech © 1995 by Welden Owen Pty., Ltd. Published by Fog City Published by Hyperion Books For Children. All Rights
University Press. All Rights Reserved. Used by Permission. Press. All Rights Reserved. Reserved.
Cover permission for Dig This! How Archaeologists Cover permission for Voices of Ancient Egypt, Text by Pericles’s Funeral Oration (after 490 BCE), from “The
Uncover Our Past, by Michael Avi-Yonah. Copyright © Kay Winters. Illustrated by Barry Moser. Text Copyright © Peloponnesian War”. Excerpt taken from “Reading About
1993 by Runestone Press. Published by Lerner Publications 2003 by Kay Winters. Illustrations Copyright © 2003 Barry the World, Volume I.” Originally by Thucydides. Edited
Company. All Rights Reserved. Used by Permission. Moser. Published by National Geographic Society. All Rights by Paul Brians, Mary Gallwey, Douglas Hughes, Azfar
Cover permission for Stone Age Farmers Beside the Reserved. Hussain, Richard Law, Michael Myers, Michael Neville,
Sea: Scotland’s Prehistoric Villages of Skara Brae, Text Ram is Banished, from “Seasons of Splendor: Tales, Myths Roger Schlesinger, Alice Spitzer, and Susan Swan. Copyright
by Caroline Arnold. Photographs by Arthur P. Arnold. and Legends”, Ramayana as retold by Madhur Jaffrey. © 1999 by Harcourt Brace Custom Publishing. All Rights
Text Copyright © 1997 by Caroline Arnold. Photographs Illustrated by Michael Foreman. Text Copyright © 1985 by Reserved. Used by permission.
Copyright © 1997 by Arthur P. Arnold. Published by Clarion Madhur Jaffrey. Illustrations Copyright © 1985 by Michael Cover permission for The Dead Sea Scrolls, Text by Ilene
Books, a Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved. Foreman. Published by Atheneum. All Rights Reserved. Cooper. Illustrated by John Thompson. Text Copyright
Cover permission for Painters of the Caves, by Patricia Used by Permission. © 1997 by Ilene Cooper. Illustrations Copyright © 1997
Lauber. Copyright © 1998 by Patricia Lauber. Published Kathy B. Sorensen for Diwali Song, collected and by John Thompson. Published by William Morrow and
by National Geographic Society. All Rights Reserved. transcribed by Kathy B. Sorensen. Copyright © 1991 Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Kathy B. Sorensen. Used by Permission. (continued on page R50)
iii
Primary Source Quotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvi
Start with Your California Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
About the Big Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxi
Reading Your Textbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii
Geography Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G2
Learning About the World
Overview: . . . 2
The World and Its People
Part One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
World Cultures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
People and Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
How Cultures Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Part One Review and Test Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Learning About the Past
Part Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
What Is History? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Why Do We Study History? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
How Do We Study History? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Using Primary Sources What Are Primary Sources? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Tracing Our Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Part Two Review and Test Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
iv
46
How does technology change people’s lives? . . . . . . . 47
Literature
Test of a Friendship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Reading Social Studies Identify Main Idea and Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
The First Humans
Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Lesson 1 The Cradle of Humankind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Mary Leakey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Chart and Graph Skills Use Parallel Time Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Lesson 2 Hadar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Lucy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Using Primary Sources Understanding Artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Lesson 3 Other Ancestors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Chapter 1 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
The Stone Ages
Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Lesson 1 The Old Stone Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Critical Thinking Skills Evaluate the Credibility of a Source . . . . . . . . . 85
Lesson 2 Humans on the Move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Map and Globe Skills Use Latitude and Longitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Lesson 3 A Changing World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Chapter 2 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
The Agricultural Revolution
Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Lesson 1 New Ways of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Critical Thinking Skills Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Readers’ Theater A Family Feast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Lesson 2 Beginning of Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Citizenship
Democracy in Action Working For the Common Good . . 119
Lesson 3 Çatal Hüyük . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Chapter 3 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
UNIT 1 Review and Test Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Review the Big Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
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