Calculate the absolute permeability of the core Assume brine Calculate the absolute permeability ...

190 Pages·2012·9.88 MB·English

LECTURE 1: 
CONCEPTS OF PETROLEUM RESERVOIR 
ROCK PROPERTIES 
Byy: Dr. Moohaammaadd Ebbraahim SShaafieeee
Winter 2012
Rocks
• Geollogist hhave mappedd thhe earthh to shhow thhe 
present outcrops of sedimentary rocks as well as 
ppoossiittiioonn ooff sseeaass dduurriinngg ggeeoollooggiicc ppeerriiooddss oovveerr 665500 
million years ago. 
• TThhee rroocckkss aarree ccllaassssiiffiieedd iinn tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg tthhrreeee ttyyppeess::
• Igneous: Products of solidification of molten 
matteriiall
• Metamorphic rock that changed its character 
bbyy ssoolluuttiioonn, hheeaatt, aanndd pprreessssuurree aanndd ttiimmee 
• Sedimentary:  Composed of debris of previous 
rroocckkss
Requirements for Commercially Viable  
Oill andd Gas Accumullations 
1. Source: Material from which hydrocarbons 
are formed
2. Container:  Porous and Permeable bed or a 
“Reservoir” 
3. Trap:  Subsurface set of conditions restricting 
ffuurrtthheerr mmoovveemmeenntt aanndd mmoorree ffaavvoouurraabbllee 
environment for oil/gas accumulation
TThhee EEaarrtthh’ss CCrruusstt
GGeeoollooggiiccaall EErraa aanndd TTiimmee SSccaallee
Relationship Between Major Rock 
Groups
HHooww rroocckkss aarree ffoorrmmeedd
• MMoouunnttaaiinn bbuuiillddiinngg
• Erosion
• SSeddiimentatiion
• Evaporation
• Diagenesis
• MMeettaammoorrpphhoossiiss
• Reef building
IGNEOUS ROCKS
• Apparently 95% of earth’s crust formed due to
solidification of molten material below earth’s crust
1. Volcanic: Glassy in structure‐ rapid cooling of magma
2. Plutonic: slower coolingg of intrusive maggma allows
formation of crystalline grain structure. 95 % of granite
rocks are crystalline( grain size as cooling rate)
• Granite is made up of the following three main
components in approximately equal portions
– Quartz
– Sodium Feldspar
– Potassium Feldspar
SSEEDDIIMMEENNTTAARRYY RROOCCKKSS
• Formed from the material of older formations
which have been broken down by uplifting,
erosion, etc and transported by wind and
wwaatteerr ttoo lloowweerr eelleevvaattiioonnss ffoorr ddeeppoossiittiioonn.
•• CCoonnssoolliiddaattiioonn ooff ssaannddss, ssiillttss, ppeebbbblleess aanndd
clays (Shale) by overburden and cementation
byy pprecippitates from ppercolatingg waters
convert materials to conglomerates,
sandstones, siltstones, shale, and etc.