Caesar’s Dē Bellō Gallicō: A Syntactically Parsed Reader PDF
Preview Caesar’s Dē Bellō Gallicō: A Syntactically Parsed Reader
Caesar’s Dē Bellō Gallicō Caesar’s Dē Bellō Gallicō: A Syntactically Parsed Reader is an innovative Latin reader presenting selections of Caesar’s Gallic wars texts. Its unique approach tackles the two most common problems a student reading unedited Latin faces: abundant vocabulary and a maze-like sentence structure. Breaking down the sentence structure of the texts and providing vocabulary glosses throughout, Caesar’s Dē Bellō Gallicō: A Syntactically Parsed Reader ensures better comprehension and enables students to make an easier transition from using artificial and doctored Latin to working with the unaltered language found in authentic texts. Features include: • Texts presented with the syntactically parsed Latin on one page and vocabulary glosses on the other • Visual display of the syntactic structure of each Latin sentence throughout, with main clauses touching the left margin, subordinate clauses shown indented, and multiple subordinate clauses arranged to illustrate which clauses are dependent on which other clauses • Helpful grammar notes provided alongside the texts • High frequency vocabulary included in a separate appendix to encourage efficient vocabulary acquisition • Selected texts carefully chosen in line with the Advanced Placement Latin exam. Caesar’s Dē Bellō Gallicō: A Syntactically Parsed Reader has been developed by an experienced university instructor. It is ideal for students seeking to improve their ability to read and understand Latin prose straight from the page. Jean-François R. Mondon is Assistant Professor of Foreign Languages at Minot State University, USA. This page intentionally left blank Caesar’s Dē Bellō Gallicō A syntactically parsed reader Jean-François R. Mondon First published 2015 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 Jean-François R. Mondon The right of Jean-François R. Mondon to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Caesar, Julius, author. [De bello gallico] Caesar’s De bello gallico : a syntactically parsed reader / Jean-Francois R. Mondon. pages cm 1. Latin language–Readers. I. Mondon, Jean-Francois R. II. Title. PA6235.A2M66 2015 936.4'02–dc23 2014026122 ISBN: 978-0-415-71145-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-71147-0 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-73557-3 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby mātrī meae This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction ix Types of Subordinate Clauses xiii Map of Gaul xxi Book I (58 bce) 1 Book IV (55 bce) 161 Book V (54 bce) 193 Book VI (53 bce) 257 Grammatical Appendix 276 Frequent Vocabulary 297 This page intentionally left blank Introduction This book is intended for those students who have worked their way through Latin grammar and are ready to delve into real, unedited Latin. This reader contains all of Book I of Caesar’s Gallic Wars followed by those excerpts from books IV, V, and VI which correspond to the Advanced Placement Latin exam. Two problems beset any student who takes the first steps from the safety of an introductory textbook into real literature. The first is the amount of novel words with which one is faced. It is simply staggering and debilitating to have to look up what seems like 70 percent of the words on any given page. To alleviate this problem, I have adopted the method used in Clyde Pharr’s Vergil’s Aeneid (1930). Specifically, all words are glossed the first time they occur, the high-frequency words in bold. Subsequently, only those words which occur less than ten times overall are glossed on the facing page, repeating high-frequency words being listed in an appendix at the back of the book. It is advisable that the student memorize these early on. Words are ordered according to part of speech. This is intended to force the student to make some headway with the grammar of the sentence rather than use the vocabulary alone as a means to make sense of a sentence. With respect to the vocabulary, verbal prefixes only appear on the first principal part. Since many dictionaries function this way it seems best to get students used to determining the prefixal and root structure of verbs. The rule of thumb is that the first syllable is the prefix (clear bisyllabic prefixes such as inter-, circum-, praeter-, ante-, super-, and satis- are exceptions) and that this syllable should be prefixed to the other parts of the verb. Take attingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctus to border, touch as an example. The first syllable of attingō is at- and this should be appended to the third and fourth principal parts yielding attigī and attāctus. The second dilemma, which is particularly acute with Latin, is the seemingly maze-like structure of sentences. Even if one knows all the words of a sentence it can still prove quite difficult to tease apart the various subordinate clauses and determine what is doing what. To alleviate this problem, throughout this book I have visually displayed the syntactic structure of each Latin sentence. Main clauses touch the left margin while subordinate clauses are indented. If a sentence contains multiple subordinate clauses then the latter are indented to various depths in order to try to visually represent which clauses are dependent upon which other clauses. All elements of a clause, even if dissected by other clauses, are placed at the same level of indentation. To fully explain this system it seems best to illustrate it with examples. From Book I, chapter 1 Gallia est omnis dīvīsa in partēs trēs, quārum ūnam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitānī, tertiam quī ipsōrum linguā Celtae, nostrā Gallī appellantur is represented as follows:
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