CAD/CAM: computer-aided design and manufacturing

512 Pages·27.296 MB·English

by  Zimmers, Emory W., Groover, Mikell P

CAD/CAM:
Computer-Aided Design
and Manufacturing
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CAD/CAM:
Computer-Aided
Design
and Manufacturing
MIKELL P. GROOVER
EMORY W. ZIMMERS, JR.
Department of Industrial Engineering
Lehigh University
P T R Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Groover, Mikell P.,
CAD/CAM: computer-aided design and manufacturing.
Bibliography: p.
1. CAD/CAM systems. I. Zimmers, Emory W. II. Title.
III. Title: C.A.D./C.A.M.
TS155.6.G76 1984 670'.28'54 83-11132
ISBN 0-13-110130-7
Editorial/production supervision: Mary Carnis
Interior design: Barbara Cassel
Cover design: Edsal Enterprises
Manufacturing buyer: Gordon Osbourne
©1984 by P T R Prentice Hall
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
A Pearson Education Company
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reproduced, in any form or by any means,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
20 19 18 17 16 15 14
ISBN 0-13-110130-7
Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited,London
Prentice-Hall of Australia Pry. Limited, Sydney
Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., Toronto
Prentice-Hall Hispanoamericana, S.A., Mexico
Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi
Prentice-Hall of Japan, Inc., Tokyo
Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore
Editora Prentice-Hall do Brasil, Ltda., Rio de Janeiro
To
The CADICAM Program
at Lehigh University
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Contents
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 CAD/CAM Defined, 1
1.2 The Product Cycle and CAD/CAM, 4
1.3 Automation and CAD/CAM, 6
1.4 Organization of This Book, 9
References, 11
part I COMPUTERS, THE FOUNDATION OF CAD/CAM 13
2 Computer Technology 13
2.1 Introduction, 13
2.2 Central Processing Unit (CPU), 15
2.3 Types of Memory, 18
vii
viii Contents
2.4 Input/Output, 20
2.5 Data Representation, 20
2.6 Computer Programming Languages, 26
2.7 Operating the Computer System, 30
References, 32
Problems, 33
3 Minicomputers, Microcomputers, and
Programmable Controllers 34
3.1 Introduction, 34
3.2 Minicomputers, 37
3.3 Microcomputers, 40
3.4 Programmable Controllers, 45
References, 50
Problems, 51
part II COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN 53
4 Fundamentals of CAD 53
4.1 Introduction, 53
4.2 The Design Process, 56
4.3 The Application of Computers for Design, 58
4.4 Creating the Manufacturing Data Base, 64
4.5 Benefits of Computer-Aided Design, 66
4.6 Some Examples, 71
References, 77
5 Hardware in Computer-Aided Design 79
5.1 Introduction, 79
5.2 The Design Workstation, 81
5.3 The Graphics Terminal, 82
5.4 Operator Input Devices, 89
5.5 Plotters and Other Output Devices, 95
5.6 The Central Processing Unit, 99
5.7 Secondary Storage, 101
References, 102
Problems, 102
Contents ix
6 Computer Graphics Software and Data
Base 104
6.1 Introduction, 104
6.2 The Software Configuration of a Graphics System, 105
6.3 Functions of a Graphics Package, 107
6.4 Constructing the Geometry, 109
6.5 Transformations, 113
6.6 Data Base Structure and Content, 119
6.7 Wire-Frame versus Solid Modeling, 123
6.8 Other CAD Features and CAD/CAM Integration, 128
References, 129
Problems, 129
part III NUMERICAL CONTROL, THE BEGINNINGS OF CAM 133
7 Conventional Numerical Control 133
7.1 Introduction, 133
7.2 Basic Components of an NC System, 135
7.3 The NC Procedure, 139
7.4 NC Coordinate Systems, 140
7.5 NC Motion Control Systems, 142
7.6 Applications of Numerical Control, 145
7.7 Economics of Numerical Control, 148
7.8 Summary, 151
References, 151
8 NC Part Programming 153
8.1 Introduction, 153
8.2 The Punched Tape in NC, 154
8.3 Tape Coding and Format, 155
8.4 Manual Part Programming, 157
8.5 Computer-Assisted Part Programming, 159
8.6 The APT Language, 165
8.7 The MACRO Statement in APT, 175
8.8 NC Programming with Interactive Graphics, 179
8.9 Voice NC Programming, 185
8.10 Manual Data Input, 186
References, 187
Problems, 188
Appendix: APT Word Definitions, 191