C++ How to Program: Introducing the New C++14 Standard

1075 Pages·2016·9.069 MB·English

by  Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel

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Paul Deitel
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Harvey Deitel
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Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled C++ How to Program,10th Edition, ISBN
9780134448237, by Paul Deitel and Harvey Deitel published by Pearson Education © 2017.
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In memory of Marvin Minsky,
a founding father of the
field of artificial intelligence.
It was a privilege to be your student in two graduate
courses at M.I.T. Every lecture you gave inspired
your students to think beyond limits.
Harvey Deitel
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Contents
Chapters 23–26 and Appendices F–J are PDF documents posted online at the book’s
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Preface 23
Before You Begin 39
1
Introduction to Computers and C++ 41
1.1 Introduction 42
1.2 Computers and the Internet in Industry and Research 43
1.3 Hardware and Software 45
1.3.1 Moore’s Law 45
1.3.2 Computer Organization 46
1.4 Data Hierarchy 47
1.5 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages 50
1.6 C and C++ 51
1.7 Programming Languages 52
1.8 Introduction to Object Technology 54
1.9 Typical C++ Development Environment 57
1.10 Test-Driving a C++ Application 60
1.10.1 Compiling and Running an Application in Visual Studio 2015
for Windows 60
1.10.2 Compiling and Running Using GNU C++ on Linux 65
1.10.3 Compiling and Running with Xcode on Mac OS X 67
1.11 Operating Systems 72
1.11.1 Windows—A Proprietary Operating System 72
1.11.2 Linux—An Open-Source Operating System 72
1.11.3 Apple’s OS X; Apple’s iOS for iPhone®, iPad® and iPod Touch®
Devices 73
1.11.4 Google’s Android 73
1.12 The Internet and the World Wide Web 74
1.13 Some Key Software Development Terminology 76
1.14 C++11 and C++14: The Latest C++ Versions 78
8 Contents
1.15 Boost C++ Libraries 79
1.16 Keeping Up to Date with Information Technologies 79
2
Introduction to C++ Programming,
Input/Output and Operators 84
2.1 Introduction 85
2.2 First Program in C++: Printing a Line of Text 85
2.3 Modifying Our First C++ Program 89
2.4 Another C++ Program: Adding Integers 90
2.5 Memory Concepts 94
2.6 Arithmetic 95
2.7 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators 99
2.8 Wrap-Up 103
3
Introduction to Classes, Objects,
Member Functions and Strings 113
3.1 Introduction 114
3.2 Test-Driving an Account Object 115
3.2.1 Instantiating an Object 115
3.2.2 Headers and Source-Code Files 116
3.2.3 Calling Class Account’s getName Member Function 116
3.2.4 Inputting a string with getline 117
3.2.5 Calling Class Account’s setName Member Function 117
3.3 Account Class with a Data Member and Set and Get Member Functions 118
3.3.1 Account Class Definition 118
3.3.2 Keyword class and the Class Body 119
3.3.3 Data Member name of Type string 119
3.3.4 setName Member Function 120
3.3.5 getName Member Function 122
3.3.6 Access Specifiers private and public 122
3.3.7 Account UML Class Diagram 123
3.4 Account Class: Initializing Objects with Constructors 124
3.4.1 Defining an Account Constructor for Custom Object Initialization 125
3.4.2 Initializing Account Objects When They’re Created 126
3.4.3 Account UML Class Diagram with a Constructor 128
3.5 Software Engineering with Set and Get Member Functions 128
3.6 Account Class with a Balance; Data Validation 129
3.6.1 Data Member balance 129
3.6.2 Two-Parameter Constructor with Validation 131
3.6.3 deposit Member Function with Validation 131
3.6.4 getBalance Member Function 131
3.6.5 Manipulating Account Objects with Balances 132
3.6.6 Account UML Class Diagram with a Balance and Member
Functions deposit and getBalance 134
3.7 Wrap-Up 134
Contents 9
4
Algorithm Development and
Control Statements: Part 1 143
4.1 Introduction 144
4.2 Algorithms 145
4.3 Pseudocode 145
4.4 Control Structures 146
4.4.1 Sequence Structure 146
4.4.2 Selection Statements 148
4.4.3 Iteration Statements 148
4.4.4 Summary of Control Statements 149
4.5 if Single-Selection Statement 149
4.6 if…else Double-Selection Statement 150
4.6.1 Nested if…else Statements 151
4.6.2 Dangling-else Problem 153
4.6.3 Blocks 153
4.6.4 Conditional Operator (?:) 154
4.7 Student Class: Nested if…else Statements 155
4.8 while Iteration Statement 157
4.9 Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Iteration 159
4.9.1 Pseudocode Algorithm with Counter-Controlled Iteration 159
4.9.2 Implementing Counter-Controlled Iteration 160
4.9.3 Notes on Integer Division and Truncation 162
4.9.4 Arithmetic Overflow 162
4.9.5 Input Validation 163
4.10 Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Iteration 163
4.10.1 Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: The Top and First Refinement 164
4.10.2 Proceeding to the Second Refinement 164
4.10.3 Implementing Sentinel-Controlled Iteration 166
4.10.4 Converting Between Fundamental Types Explicitly and Implicitly 169
4.10.5 Formatting Floating-Point Numbers 170
4.10.6 Unsigned Integers and User Input 170
4.11 Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statements 171
4.11.1 Problem Statement 171
4.11.2 Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: Pseudocode Representation
of the Top 172
4.11.3 Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: First Refinement 172
4.11.4 Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: Second Refinement 172
4.11.5 Complete Second Refinement of the Pseudocode 173
4.11.6 Program That Implements the Pseudocode Algorithm 174
4.11.7 Preventing Narrowing Conversions with List Initialization 175
4.12 Compound Assignment Operators 176
4.13 Increment and Decrement Operators 177
4.14 Fundamental Types Are Not Portable 180
4.15 Wrap-Up 180