C++ FAQs: Includes index

625 Pages·5.141 MB·English

by  Cline, Marshall P., Girou, Mike, Lomow, Greg A

C
++
FAQs
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
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C
++
FAQs
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
Marshall Cline
Greg Lomow
Mike Girou
ADDISON–WESLEY
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Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cline,Marshall P.
C++ FAQs / Marshall Cline,Greg Lomow,Mike Girou.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-201-30983-1
1.C++ (Computer program language) I.Lomow,Greg A. II.Girou,Mike. III.Title.
QA76.73.C153C55 1999
005.13'3—dc21 98–38674
CIP
Copyright © 1999 by Pearson Education,Inc.
All rights reserved.No part ofthis publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmit-
ted,in any form,or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without
the prior consent ofthe publisher.Printed in the United States ofAmerica.Published simultaneously in
Canada.
ISBN 0-201-30983-1
Text printed in the United States at Demand Print Center in Old Tappan, New Jersey.
15th Printing February 2010
For MaryElaine,David,Elizabeth,Gabrielle,
Peter,Katherine,and Brandon.
—Marshall
For Barb,Lonnie,and Mac; and to the caregivers and
animals at PIGS,A Sanctuaryand Farm Sanctuary.
—Greg
For Beverly,Christian,James,Kelly,and Tamie.
—Mike
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Contents
Acknowledgments xxxiii
Part I Preliminaries 1
Chapter 1 Introduction 3
FAQ 1.01:What is the purpose ofthis chapter? 3
FAQ 1.02:What are C++ FAQs? 3
FAQ 1.03:Who is the target audience for this book? 4
FAQ 1.04:Is this a book about C++ per se? 4
FAQ 1.05:Why do developers need a guidebook for C++ and OO
technology? 5
FAQ 1.06:What kind ofguidance is given in the answers to these FAQs? 5
FAQ 1.07:What is the electronic FAQ and why buy this book when the
electronic FAQ is free? 6
FAQ 1.08:Why should you buy this edition ifyou already have a copy of
the first edition? 7
FAQ 1.09:What conventions are used in this book? 7
Chapter 2 Basic C++ Syntax and Semantics 11
FAQ 2.01:What is the purpose ofthis chapter? 11
FAQ 2.02:What are the basics ofmain()? 11
FAQ 2.03:What are the basics offunctions? 12
FAQ 2.04:What are the basics ofdefault parameters? 13
FAQ 2.05:What are the basics oflocal (auto) objects? 13
vii
viii Contents
FAQ 2.06:What are the basics ofconstructing objects using explicit
parameters? 15
FAQ 2.07:What are the basics ofdynamically allocated (new) objects? 16
FAQ 2.08:What are the basics oflocal objects within inner scopes? 17
FAQ 2.09:What are the basics ofpassing objects by reference? 18
FAQ 2.10:What are the basics ofpassing objects by value? 19
FAQ 2.11:What are the basics ofpassing objects by pointer? 20
FAQ 2.12:What are the basics ofstream output? 21
FAQ 2.13:What are the basics ofstream input? 22
FAQ 2.14:What are the basics ofusing classes that contain overloaded
operators? 24
FAQ 2.15:What are the basics ofusing container classes? 24
FAQ 2.16:What are the basics ofcreating class header files? 26
FAQ 2.17:What are the basics ofdefining a class? 27
FAQ 2.18:What are the basics ofdefining member functions? 28
FAQ 2.19:What are the basics ofadding a constructor to a class? 29
FAQ 2.20:What are the basics ofadding a destructor to a class? 31
FAQ 2.21:What are the basics ofdefining a class that contains a pointer to
an object allocated from the heap? 32
FAQ 2.22:What are the basics ofglobal objects? 35
FAQ 2.23:What are the basics ofthrowing and catching exceptions? 37
FAQ 2.24:What are the basics ofinheritance and dynamic binding? 39
Chapter 3 Understanding the
Management Perspective 43
FAQ 3.01:What is the purpose ofthis chapter? 43
FAQ 3.02:What is the core message ofthis chapter (and this book)? 44
FAQ 3.03:Why are the managers in charge rather than the developers who
understand technology? 45
FAQ 3.04:How can someone manage something they don’t
understand? 45
FAQ 3.05:What is the most common mistake on C++ and OO
projects? 46
FAQ 3.06:What’s the “Software Peter Principle”? 47
FAQ 3.07:Should an organization use OO on all its projects? 47
Contents ix
FAQ 3.08:Can OO be ignored until it goes away? 48
FAQ 3.09:What OO language is best? 48
FAQ 3.10:What is the right approach to processes and tools? 49
FAQ 3.11:What is the right approach with off-the-shelfclass libraries and
frameworks? 50
Chapter 4 The Architectural Perspective 51
FAQ 4.01:What is the purpose ofthis chapter? 51
FAQ 4.02:Why is software architecture important? 52
FAQ 4.03:What should the architecture be based on,the problem being
solved or the problem domain? 53
FAQ 4.04:Should the software architecture be based on the policy ofthe
problem? 53
FAQ 4.05:Do customers ever change their requirements? 54
FAQ 4.06:Are stable requirements desirable? 54
FAQ 4.07:What is the key to planning for change? 55
FAQ 4.08:What is a framework? 55
FAQ 4.09:What is the “inversion ofcontrol”exhibited by
frameworks? 56
FAQ 4.10:What is an extensible,domain-specific framework? 56
FAQ 4.11:What characteristics make a framework extensible yet
domain-specific? 57
FAQ 4.12:What happens ifthe domain analysis is incorrect? 58
FAQ 4.13:How much effort should be expended to support change—
that is,how much is extensibility worth? 58
FAQ 4.14:How does an architect make the software architecture
flexible? 59
FAQ 4.15:What is the secret to achieving reuse? 59
Part II Object-Oriented Design 61
Chapter 5 Object-Oriented Fundamentals 63
FAQ 5.01:What is the purpose ofthis chapter? 63
FAQ 5.02:Why is the world adopting OO technology? 63