Byzantion - Revue Internationale des Études Byzantines

508 Pages·1955·32.076 MB·English

gyzANTION
RliVUR INTERNaTioNaLE oss ÉTuoe5 ByzaN1iNB5
PUBLIÉE SOUS LA DIRECTION DE
H. GRÉGOIRE
AVEC LA COLLABORATION DE
N. B!NEscu, A. E. R. BoAK, t Mrs. G. BucKLER, P. CHARANIS, Ca. DELVOYE,
t R. GoossENs, A. GRABAR, R. GurLLAND, O. HALECKI, t E. HoNIGMANN,
M. LASCARis, P. LEMERLE, R. LoPEz, M. MATHIEU, G. MoRAvcsrK, P. ÛRGELs,
G. ÜSTROGORSKY,A. SoLOVIEV, P. VANDENVEN, tA. A.VASILIEV, G. VERNADSKY.
TOME XXV-XXVI-XXVII (1955-56-57)
Reprinted with the permission of the original publishers
KRAUS REPRINT LTD.
Vaduz
1964
'A p. 8 .,.._ 1111...,..,
. 9 397
AIQNIA · H · MNHMH
TQN · OIKOYMENIKQN • l>IL>A:I:KAAQN
rmP riOY · XATZIL>A KI · KAI · ANL>PEOY · ANL>PEAL>OY
KAI · TOY TIANLO<t>OY
<t>Ail>QN0:2: KOY KOY AE
TIPO:I:<t>EPETAI · 0 · El KOH02 · TIEMTIT0:2: 1J)M0:2:
TOY · "BYZANTIOY"
TOI:2: · ENNEA · KOPY<t>AI01:2:
TQN · HMETEPQN · :2:TIOY!>QN
KAI · rNH:2:101:2: · <t>IAOI:2:
QN · TA · ONOMATA · TIMQNTE:2:
ETII rPA<t>OMEN · TQI · TEYXEI · TOYTQI
KQN:2:TANTIN0:2: · AMANT0:2: - NI K0:2: · BEH:2:
l>IONY:2:10:2: · ZAKY8HN0:2:- :2:QKPATH:2: · KOYrEA:2:
:2:TIATIQN · KYPIAKIL>H:2:- MIXAHA · AA:2:KAPI:2:
ANL>PEA:2: · ~y r ronoy !10:2:-ANA:2:TA:2:10:2: · OPAANLI0:2:
Printed in Germany rEQPri0:2: · :2:QTHPIOY
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Avis aux lecteurs de << Byzantion 1>
L'abondance des matières, qui a rendu nécessaire le renvoi au
fascicule 2 de quelques articles de fond, de toutes les chroniques,
de tous les compte-rendus, nous oblige à laisser sur le marbre
l'Appendice et l'index provisoire (List of wards) qui terminent le
long mémoire de Mme Karlin-Hayter, Vila S. Euthymii. Heureu
sement le retard que subit ainsi la publication d'une matière déjà
composée et corrigée n'aura guère d'importance, puisque le fascicule 2
de Byzanlian XXV-XXVII (1955-1957), dédié à l'illustre archéo
logue danois Eynar Dyggve, paraîtra encore en 1957, un mois
:\ peine après le tirage du fascicule 1. Ajoutons que l'ouvrage de
:\tme Karlin-Hayter, qui comprendra un commentaire historique,
formera un volume du Corpus bruxellense historiae Byzantinae.
La nH~me destination finale est réservée à l'ensemble de l'important
ouvrage de ~Jme Germaine Da Costa-Louillet sur les vies des saints
hyznntins drs VIII(\ IX{' et xe siècles.
VITA S. EUTHYMII
FonEWORD
This work was undertaken at the suggestion of my stimu
lating master, Professor Henri Grégoire, who felt that the
valuable historical and linguistic source constituted by the Vila
Euthymii should again be made available (to date, there bas
only been the one, admirable, 1888 edition, owed to de Boor).
It is difficult to come after su eh an eminent scholar, it is more
difficult to dare to differ from him. But, in fact, nothing could
be more natural. He sought to present a text whose language
should not stray too far from classical rules, a text suc h as he
postulated the original to have been. We have grown more
cautions in our approach to mediaeval originals ''· (See P. Van
<<
den Ven, Erreurs de méthode dans la correction conjecturale des
textes byzantins, in Byzantion, XXIV (1954), T. I pp. 19-45).
The author of this lively biography could not have been, accor
ding to him, « such an uncultured man ''• ali the trouble is due
to a « barbarian copyist '' between the author and the copyist
of the Berlin manuscript (proven innocent by an irreproacha
hle fragment of a sermon of Basil's, in the same band, with
which the manuscript continues). For De Boor, our text was
but the melancholy corruption of a good original.
I approached it differently. One's chance of getting at the
original through a single manuscript may be gauged by con
sidering such different works as the Life of Si Andreas Sa/os
or the Chronography of Theophanes, and supposing that one
version only remained. Renouncing, therefore, the pursuit of
an anterior form, 1 have attached myself to the version the
manuscript provides, a popular Life, un-Attic in grammar, but
endowed with pace and style, and a remarkable witness to
the state of Greek sometime between 921 (date of composition
of the Vila) and the Berlin copy {xith century, between 1080
and 1100 according toN. Veis).
1
3
VITA S. EUTHYMII
2 P. KARLIN-HAYTER
Evidence on the stages of this evolution, and others, might as
It is important to note: 1) that the copyist was not just an
reasonably be cherished as despised.
inveterate misspeller, since he could copy Basil weil enough ;
The method I have followed naturally carries with it the
2) that a few corrections have been made, implying that the
danger of preserving slips that have escaped both copyist and
rest, as far as the corrector was concerned, passed muster.
revisor. Y et at the present stage of Byzantine studies it may be
The grammatical peculiarities are on the whole the usual
more useful to retain an occasional error (meaning a form that
ones, though one point requires brief consideration.
the copyist would himself have recognised as such} rather than,
The striking peculiarity of the manuscript is what I am
by rejecting an apparent! y inacceptable form, re~ove a perhaps
tempted to label the Ambiguous case. If L'rvÀwvw bi rw "ai valuable element of comparison.
Zao{rr:Cn neoaayoeevoflÉVw Wç fi.re Maxe66vt Ovu xal rà yévoç
~Ae11évwv ènlreonov xaraÀtJlndvet, were alone of its kind, it ORIGIN AND TRADITION oF THE Vila. - St Euthymius was
would present no difficulty. But it is not (there are more in patriarch of Constantinople from 907 to 912, but the Vila as
stances probably, than de Boor's apparatus suggests). The we know it, begins ou the 21st August 886 with the hunting
more one reads the Vila, the more-w (-'fJ) endings strike one as accident which caused the death of Basil the Macedonian
a doubtful hybrid, possessed of ali the virtues of both accu In fact, as the 8 first qu,aternions are missing, it originally began
sative and dative, without being in the author's mind eithcr. earlier. It ends (again, 7 pages are missing) with the death
Another characteristic of the Vila is the happy coexistence of Euthymius the 4th August 917. However, the prophecy
of the correct and incorrect forms of a given expression. Pro (eud Ch. XXI) of the reconciliation of the partisans of Nicolas
fessor Maas writes me : << I know of no parallel for su ch a chaos and Euthymius, in the tenth year of Constantine Porphyro
in an otherwise well-organised whole ». One has the impression gennetos, gives 920 as a terminus post quem for the composition
th at the author wrote entirely << by ear >> with hard! y any of the Life.
theoretical foundation at ali, and. ali that he has heard, and Of the author, nothing is known but the little that can be
stored, cornes tumbling out. Indeed, it is striking how re gathered from his work. De Boor (Vila Eutlzymii, pp. 82-89)
cognisably his different characters speak: Leo's irony, Are has shawn that he was certain! y a monk of Euthymius' cloister
thas' allusive, smoky pyrotechnies, Euthymius' rich, fruity of Psamathia ( ~tûv roiç iv rfj f<O>fj dbeÀ<poiç, 61, 5). He further
voice. suggests very plausibly that the precision with which he des
Such then is the language of the manuscript. As for the cribes many secular events, in particular Basil's last hunt, an
question whether it should be respected - there are not two event only distantly touching on this story, with names and
static Greeks- Ancient and Modern -but a continuum in distances, scarcely relevant to a work of piety, and not even
both space and time. The fact is everywhere agreed to, but interesting to the reader after a certain time has elapsed, sug
the evidence is habitually pushed into the apparat us criticus gests a contemporary who weil« remembered that day, and the
- or even clean out of it. Classical Greek used the dative consternation of town and court a contemporary, moreover
J},
with precision, modern Greek does not know the dative (1). who had been close to the events he describes, who before
becoming, willingly or unwillingly, a monk had held a post
at court or in the army. De Boor further remarks that the
(1) Popular Greek, that is to say. KaOagEVovaa indulges in the
supreme refinement and differentiation from popular speech the Vila has a character quite different from the stock saints'
dative offers. But of the former Thumb (llandbook of the mod. Gr. lives, compiled from oral and written tradition, built up Jar
vernacular, p. 31) writes <<The dative has entirely disappeared from gely of biblical quotations. On the other hand We have a
<<
the vernacular language ; at the most it is found only in formai phrases
biography·whieh, on the one hand, exhaustively describes the
taken from the literary or ecclesiastical language. )) H. Grégoire, ho
!ife of its hero, but omits, on the other, a quantity of inte-
wever considers that this disposes too summarily of such phrases as
?;w-f] iv nJ.g:!(p, èxxÀtjG{a èv Otwy,.uJ>, {JaatÀt:Vç èv è~oelç1 and the like.
4 P. KARLIN-1IA\.TER VITA S. EUTHYMII 5
resting material ,, events which « made a strong impression edition, checked by the collation published by N. Veis (Col
on the mind of his contemporaries and implanted themselves lation, philological observations and a number of biblical refe
strongly in the tradition of la ter generations •>. rences, Ilear.uuà Tijç 'A>wbrJf'{aç 'AOrjvwv, 19, 1944,pp.105-136).
Lastly de Boor writes : << a further circumstance in support of The difference between the printcd edition and the manuscript
my opinion that we have to do with a contemporary author, is that, while therc is no question of faulty readings, it is un
is that the biographer, in dealing with events that stand only fortunately clear that de Boor did on occasion reject << barba
in distant relation to Euthymius, often introduces abruptly rous , faults not on! y from his text, but also from his appara
and without preparation matters on which, unless otherwise tus. Nor, on the other hand, are ali the differences bctween
acquainted with them, one would expect a word of explanation. de Boor's text and the manuscript in fact noted by Veis. In
Thus, shortly after the death of Zoe, the emperor's second wife, briel, one may say Lhat an unorthodox reading certainly belongs
he reports the death of the third, Eudocia, without our having to the manuscript, for orthodox readings the matter is more
heard a word of the third marriage. In the same way, he des doubtful.
cribes in detail the christening of Constantine Porphyrogennetos, Both de Boor and Veis have described the manuscript in
without informing us of the affa ir between the emperor and his detail. The following observations are taken from de Boor,
mother Zoe, even though only so is it intelligible how conside Vila Eulhymii, ein Anecdolon zur Geschichle Leo's des Weisen
rable a service of the patriareh's was the performing of this A. 886-912, pp. v ff.
ehristening, and why a part of the metropolitans was opposed It was discovered in 1874, among the« melancholy remains >>
to it. A contemporary reader did not need any closer intro of the library of a monastery on an island of lake Egerdir (1) in
duction to the situation. Finally, 1 must draw attention to Pisidia, by Prof. G. Hirschfeld, who bought it and brought it
the bid for the favour of the asecretis Simon made by our to Berlin. Considerable portions were missing,but the remaining
author in chapter 15. Since this tale stands in no relation at ali fragments weil preserved and easy to read. 76 leaves remain,
to Euthymius it is evidently, as arises also from the panegyrical as weil as a small fragment. Of these the first 70 belong to
tone, a compliment for the afore-named, who consequently the biography, the rest to the 13th sermon of St Basil (neo
must still have been alive >>. This last point might perhaps be -r:esnnx~ OtuÀla elç rà üywv (3dnnat-ta).
completed by a cautions study of the names accompanied by The quaternions being numbered on the first and last page
<< now with the saints , and those without this or any equi the extent of !osses is known. As the first page is marked 0,
valent formula. the first 8 quaternions are missing. There remain quaternions
On the basis of this evidence the twenties or carly thirties 9, 10 (leaves 1-16), 12-15 (leaves 23-54), 17, 18 (!caves 55-70).
would seem a reasonable dale for the composition of the Vila. Leaves 17-22 are !caves 2-7 of the 11th quaternion, whose outer
Only one manuscript has ever heen seen by modern seholars, leaves are missing. Quaternion 16 is !ost. Leaves 71-76 are
the former Ber. Ms. Grace., fol. 55. In Fcbrunry 1\)56, however, the first 6 leaves of the 20th quaternion. The 19th is also
1 was informed by the<< Deulsehc Slaalshibliolhek, thal it was !ost. As what is missing of the beginning of Basil's sermon,
<< nicht mchr greifbar ''· Ollhc Greek manuscripls from Berlin with the heading, would fil! one leaf, seven are missing from
one is now at the<< Wcsldeulsche Bibliolhck •> at Marburg am the end of the biography.
Lahn, and 2•1 at Tübingen University. Unforlunalely none of
them is the Vila Euthymii. 1 had hcard that it was sccn in
Silesia at the end of the war, but prolessor Irmschcr enquired (1) The namc stands for Gk 'Ar.:Qwn/awv, sec E. HoNIGM.\NN, Ori
gines des noms de Balikesir, de Burdur cl d' E[Jridir, Byz., XIV (1939),
into the matter, and informcd mc that it is not Lherc. Lastly
pp. 649 sqq. ; cf. H. GnÉGOinE, Notes de géo(Jr. historique sur les
Dr A. Kazdan writes from Moscow thatit is not there. In other
confins pisùlo-phrygicns, in Acad. Roy. de Belgique, Bulletin de la
words, the tradition is at present represented by de Boor's classe des Lettres, sc série, XXXIII, Hl·18, p. 93.
P. I<ARLIK-HAYTER
The writing, prohably still belonging to the xrth century
(between 1080 and 1100 according to N. Veis), is very careful
and regular, on double columns of 24 lines, written in light
brown ink (photograph publishcd by N. Veis, op. cil,). The
lclters follow closely below the lines traced on the vellum,
only the tops of the tallleltcrs reaehing abovc the linc. Except
for headings, in red ink, there are in the margins only isolated
words which the copyist had omitted. There are hardly any
corrections in any later hand. Abhreviations are few, and
apply only to 1<ai and the so called compendia sacra . .J ust as ABBREVIATIONS
the copyist took great pains with the appearance of his manu
script, so he avoided most of the copyists usual slips; of th ose
there are, among the most conspicuous are the tendency ta c., = ms reading according to de Boor.
confuse double and single consonants, circumflect paroxytone D.B. = emendation proposed by de Boor.
N.V. = ms reading according to N. Veis' collation.
genitive plurals, write a for av. «A very striking phenomenon
N.V.• = emendation proposed by N. Veis.
is the frequent substitution of the accusative for the dative K. = Kosinitsis records (see appendix)
throughout the whole hiography, which produces the most
Notes in quotation marks are de Boor's.
wonderful constructions •> (See note 1).
N. Veis adds thal' subscript is almost entirely absent, t ad Where c is in opposition with B, c gives ms reading. When however it is
script on tbe other hand frequent. He also mentions tbat the n opposition with N.V., it is the latter, naturally, which is assumed to be
he actual text of the ms.
accentuation of enclitics is irregular.
It remains for me to thank those who in different ways
have helped with this work : Professor lrmscher of Berlin,
Dr Gebhardt of the Westdeutsche Bibliothek Marburg, Pro
fessor J. Vogt of Tübingen university and Dr A. Kazdan of
Moscow, for their assistance in attempting to trace the ma
nuscript; Profe ssor P. Maas, to whose particularly close know
Jedge of the V ila and its problems 1 have more th an once
appealed, for a number of valuable suggestions, the R. P. Joan
nou and the R. P. Halkin.
To Profe ssor H. Grégoire and M. Paul Orgels I cannat express
my debt, yel I am doubly bound to do so here, for no note
allributes to them the credit for any of the innumerable sug
gestions and solutions of which they were the originators;
for thcir unfailing assistance and encouragement also I should
Jike to express my deep gratitude.
VITA S. EUTHYMII
I. - Death of the emperor Basil (29.8.886)
... M1}v i<:p!ara-ro aVyovcn:oç, uai aVn:lç Baa/).swç 6 livaÇ lÇ?}et It was August and the emperor Basil had gorre out for the
O?Je6.awv Èv roiç ee(pu[>otr; p,ieeat :neàr; rà aVveyyvr; 'Anap,elaç hunting into Thrace, to the neighbourhood of Apameia and Me
xal MeÂntcMoç. lv olç eVgWv àyD.r;v i}.âcpwv p,erà xal rWv ànà litias. When, finding a herd of deer, he gave chase, with the Sena te
5 rijç avyxÂt}rov Hal rW:v xvv't}yerii)'IJ èn' aVrirv Wop,rJae. n&.v- and the huntsmen. They were aU scattered in every direction
nov r5è rfjOe xdxëlae ne(!W7Wf!Évrwv xal xarar5uox6vr:wv, :n:eùç in pursuit, when the emperor spurred after the leader of the herd,
-ràv newrayéJ..awv roVnvv 0 aVroxe6.rwe lcpch(!p:f)aev Wç V7œ(! whose size and sleekness made him conspicious. He was giving
flEyifJ'f] nd:vrwv Vnâexovra ual nlova. xal 6 tûv ft6voç Toiirov chase alone, for his companions were tired; but the stag, seeing
èb{wuev, rWv avve·Jwfdvwv à-rov'fjadvrwv · 6 bi ye ë?.acpoç ala06- him isolated, turned in his flight, and charged, trying to gare
10 p,evoç rirv roVrov pA~·watv, rijç cpvyaOefaç àvarea:n:elç xar' aVroiJ him; he threw his spear, but the stag's antlers were in the w6.y,
àvOvniareecpe xal xeeœrf~etv bzexe!eu · 6 Oè rà cMev ~x6vnae, and it glanced off useless to the ground. The emperor now, find
naeà ôè rWv roV èJ.6.rpov xeedrwv 1W(!êftJWr5ta0èv elç rijv yijv ing himself helpless, took to flight ; but the deer, pursuing, struck
fJ \ ' '
Otaxevijr; a' nee' et:n:ro. 0~ TOl1V VV aatll.~S VÇ SJU rov1r cp ê• çt:U '!W(!1j'( JQI~' at him with its antlers, with the result that it carried him off.
elç qJVya~elav T(!É'ltêT:Ul ' Q ~é ys lJÀUfPOÇ Xara~u!JXWV T:O'ÔTOV For the tips of the antlers having slipped under his helt, the stag
15 1:oiç xéeaatv llrvnrev · è~ o?i xal idlw nae' aVrofJ. nOv yàe ë~o­ lifted him from his horse and bore him away, and no one knew
xWv nOv xeedT:W'V Vnd roii (1) ~warFfeoç T:O'!hov VnetaeÀ06vrwv, this had happened, till they saw the horse riderless. Then
d:nienaaT:ov roVrov èx 1:oV l'nnov Âaf36pevoç Ëcpegev, rd yeyovdç Stylianos, called Zaoutzes, and Procopios the protovestiarius
pt] nvoç èntaT:apévov, Ëwç Ore ràv l'nnov xsvdv èOedaavro. r6re showed them ali what had happened. They ali began running
ErvÀtavôç, 0 Àey6flevoç ZaoVr~1JÇ, xal_lleox6nwç 0 ngwro{Jearui- hither and thither, and just managed to catch a glimpse of the
20 (!WÇ xaT:â01JÀOV rd avpf3àv roiç nüat nenott]xetaav. xal rfi~e object of their search, carried aloft by the beast. They gave
xàxeiae ndvrwv nsgdisov' T:wv, flO'A1t Ç TO' V <,.. .:,1'}TO~ VJ.lSYOY e• nt' (2) ro' chase with ali speed but without success ; for the stag. when
~Wov f3aara~6pevov iWewv. noÀ}.f, Oè np rdxet xara~twx6v­ they were weil out-distanced, stood panting and hreathing hard,
rwv, lfpsvov lf.ngaxrot · flUY.(!ÔOev yà(! 0 ËÀarpoç roVrwv ysv6- but when a rush brought them nearer, straightway bounded off
flSYOÇ tararo àaOpalvwv xat nvsvanWY, n&Àtv Oi n:Àr;at&aat to a good distance. So they were at a loss, till sorne of the Body
25 ëcpOf!fUhYrwv, eVOvOeô;œt f1lX(!t noÀÀfjç Otaar&aewç. ënl roVrcp guard, as it is called, eut off the stag from in front before it was
E~anoeoVvTwv, laOealwç nviç rWv rfjç xaÀOVJ1ÉY1JÇ érateelaç aware, and, scattering circle-wise in the mountains, put the stag
up again by shouting. Then one of the Farghanese (!), managing
2 (1 œl.iyovo"r:oç corr. in 2nd band from ailyocn;oç c ». 10 xaO' aV-
-roV c 16 rijç è;œarijeoç c « Vnù -rùv ?;wa-rijea'! » 21-22 « ini (1) « The Turkish bodyguard was formed by slaves imported from the lands
'fiji l;Wcp? Vnà -roV ÇWov? ». beyond the Oxus, and so many came from Farghana that they were all
alike known as Farghanese ~. J. il. nunv, Ilist. of the Eastern Roman Empire,
(1) See complemenlary Notes, n° 4, p. llil. p. 238. Cf. Imperial administrative system pp. 107 sq.
(2) ~ èni is often uscd sincc G{rcco-Roman] times in a pcl'verlc<l sense and
construction... Mt. 13, 2 : 0 lJxAoç bû -rùv alytaÂÙv ëlar·~xet ... ; Leont.
Neap., V.J., 15,18: elx ev arbpavov ènl r~v xeq;aÂ~v aVrijç» (JANNARis,1583).
10 P. KARLIN-HAYTER VITA S. EUTHYMII 11
n}v neàç rà ne6aw roV è).âr'ov Obàv neoxaraax6vTEÇ ual rfi~s to ride alongside the deer with a naked sword in his hand, eut
xàr.ûas xvxÀoreeWç èv roiç bœiae Oeeat Otaanaeév-r:eç, -ràv the horn-entangled belt through. The emperor feil to the ground
Ë).w:poY 8eoiJaaVTSÇ nede; rpvyijv ndÂw ÜJf2j1/fjCJUV. r6re nç TWV unconscious. \Vhen he returned to himself he ordered the man
ànà rWv t:J>aey6:vwv Âeyopivwvr aVvbeotwç np lJ.dcpcp ylVtn:at x al who had dehvered him from danger to be arrested (!), and ordered
bû xûea yvp:vi;v an6JJrrv Àa{J6P,evoç ràv lv Toiç xéeaat xwÀvÔ- the cause of such insolence to be investigated. << For)>, said he,
5 fJ , ' • •
fLEVOV Cwar:ifea u!0:t EX1 O'I.jJB. ne1 nrwxe u.Il e' or aatAevç en e'.su: a' rpovç << it was to kill me, not to save, that he stretched out his sword )).
ÂetnorJvf.iWV. ÙJÇ Qi elç lavnJv xaTÉŒTrJ, ràv ToV xtvc%vov roV And he ordered the distance from the place where he was taken
rov àna}.}.dÇavTa cpeoveeïaeat neoab:aÇe xal rirv Vno{JoJ..irv to Katasyrtai, where he feil off, to be measurcd, and they fotmd,
rijç row{rr:'YjÇ œMJabelaç lÇer:d~eaOat naeeneÂe1Jero. ËÀeysv yde · allowing for the turnings and windings of the animal's course,
10 (l oV CwWaat, à.V.à OavarWaal flB rd Çüpoç neoiretvev l). f.lBT(]'fj that it_ was sixteen miles. And having failed, even then, to gain
aat bE rdv r6:n::ov àrp' oV àvdenaaroç yéyove neoaÉTaÇe, xal possesswn of the deer, or even to inf!ict the !east blow, they took
eVerrr:at aVv rWv (1) Tfj()e uàueiae 'JŒf!t()eop,Wv p,éxet KaTaaveTWv up the stricken emperor and carrying him returned to the palace.
iv cp xai dneeelcp'Yj TÔncp, p,Llta ()exaég. ual. TÔTe p,f)Te ToV ÈÂâ After suffering severe internai pains, to which was added hae
cpov: 1tE(!lX(!UTÛÇ yeVÔj.tEVOt, jl/t}TE j.ttX(!ÔP Tt x(i.p nÂijgat TOÛTOP morrhage of the stomach, nine days later he paid our common
()vv~Oévreç, n)v ainoxed:roea ()w{3aara~ôp.evov Âaf36vreç lv -r:oiç debt, alter a reign of nineteen years, Ieaving the sceptre to his
15
{3aatJ.elotç à()vvWpevov Vnéaree1pav. roiç ()è lv()oaOlotç acpôOea sons, Leo and Alexander his brother, however unbrotherly dis
à1yWv, xal (}Vaewç alparoç xarà yaareàç aVnp buyevop.ÉY1JÇ, posed. Stephen, the youngest, had already been ordained deacon
(n' fjpeeWv e' vve1 a To\ xotvo1v a~ ve1n A1' Yjaev o" cpA~ 1Jfl,a, e, vveaua'wS. exa and received the rank of syncellus. However, it was Stylianos.
xeôvovç lnl Tijç {JaatJ..slaç Owexéaaç, rd xeci-r:oç TWV ax?]n-r:ewv called Zaoutzes in the Armenian dialect, seeing he was a Mace
TW vlijJ Aéovn xaraÂtnÙJv aVv 'A).egdvOeq> dOeÂq'}(p, el xal. 't'à donian of Armenian descent like himself, whom he Ieft in charoe
20 ào•d <pà f.'~ <peovovvn. fio'l yàe Ld<pavoç, o~ -rov1 -rwv v.,a -ra-roç committing to him the direction of ail matters, ecclesiastical a~d
dOeÀcpÔç, Tfj Tijç Owxovlaç leewaVvn xal. re{) roV avyxéÀÂov agtW political. And Basil's last words to his sons and to Stylianos were :
p,an xex6ap.1}TO. ErvÂwv<{J Oè rq) (2) xal ZaoVT~TJ xa-r:à T~v rWv << Alasi Alas! the conjuror Santabarenos (2), with his spells and
'Aep.evlwv OulÂEXTO'V neoaayoeevop.Évcp, Wç éire MaxeOôvt èfvn h1s wJtchcraft, how did he draw me away from God, and trick
xal -rd yévoç 'A ep.e, vwv, xa6 w, ç xat, av, ro'ç , e, nt1r eonov xa-r:aA., tj.t- :ne with lies and deceits, putting me out of my right mind, and
25
nâvet rijv nOv B).wv neayp.ci-rwv Owlxf)O't'V lyxetelaaç 'tWv TE 1f the Lord had not come to my help, he had nearly carried me
off to damnation like his own. ,
SxxÀ1JGtaanxWv xal. .noÀtnxWv, ëaxa-rov .nedç aVrôv re xal -roVç
vloVç neoaemru, v · (( at", at" , o~ e, naotus. t1a tç xat\ p,ayyavet1 atç -reea-
Tonotdç Eav-raf3aenvdç roV fJeoV p.e p.axeVvaç ual dna'Tf}Âoiç ual
1pev0éat Myo<ç f~ana-rftaaç ><ai àH6-rewv -rijç ot><aiaç yvWf.'']Ç
30 (1) f-He ordered them to eut off the head of him who had eut through the
notf}aaç, el p.ij xVewç E{Jof}Onaé pot, .naeà p.txedv clç r~v ïanv
belt, for haring his sword against him. The man vehemently protested that
rdnoV Y.(J.rd.xewtv èneand.aaro for his [Basil's] sake he had done it. But to no avail » (LEo GR., Bonn, p. 262).
l),
(2). Theod~re Santabarenos, Vogt, Basile [er pp. 154 sqq, Dvornik, The
tP hotwn Sc~Ism. - ~ontrast Basil's death in Vila Bas. !un. ed. Vilinskij,
28~, Bas1~ sees Michael reproaching him with his murder. This is particu
2 xvxÂwueWç c. 3 rôTi nç, N.V. 12 ~ aVv raiç need3eo- arly mtcrestmg as the Vila Bas. !un. show_~ no anti-Macedonian bias.
p.aiç? ~- 13 rônw N.V. 23 ErvÂwvW Oé, l"W xai ZaoVrC1J-
neoaayoeevop.évw - Ma~I06vt Ovu c 28 ai, ai c.
(1) See complemenlary Notes, no 4, p. 164.
(2) See complementary Notes, no 1, p. 154 and 155.
VITA S. EUTHYJ\.UI 13
12 P. KARLIN-HAYTER
II. - Depi "t'i'jt; 't'OÜ "aai.ÀÉwç .i\Éov-roc; aÛ"t'OXpa't'oplcxc;. Il. -Reign of the emperor Leo
l:'t'&:aLc; a.'. 1' ' stage.
Aiwv -r:olvvv 6 paatJ.eVç -cijç airr:oxearoelaç èntÂaf36p.evoç Leo, having succeeded to the throne. immediately appointed 30.8.886
naeevOV .ErvÀwvqJ rij> ZaoVr~r; newrot.ulytareov xaOlaT1JŒt:V, Stylianos Zaoutzes protomagistros, and not long after (1) promoted
5 ue-r:' oV noÂ'Ù Oè xai {3aatÂonârog.a àvaOdxvvat, xal r~v TWV him basilopator, and it was notorious that in this same Stylianos
r ' ] , ' '
Èneexopivwv -cfj {JaatJ..e{q. Owao]aewv [r17v entaTaawv ua~ were vested control and responsability for all decisions to be taken
fP(!OYTiba 0 aVràç .ErvÀtavàç Odnwv Syvwel~ero. ;roV ":a~evOv by the government. The sovereign, judging it unsuitable to sum-
Oè ëlç rà {3aaD.ew 0 üva~ neoaxaÂiaaaOat rov nareea EvOvt-twv mon our father Euthymius immediately to the palace, before
àva.;wv nelvaç, netv aVro'IJ'i xat ua-dOat roV·rop xai neoaano- seeing him himself and putting his case, went out to the church
10 Àoy~aotTO, nedç ràv Tijç Osop:f;roeoç -vadv -ràv Èv Tfj Il1}yfj èÇ?l~t of God's Mother at Pëgë and met the man he sought. And on sceing
xal neàç ràv noOoVflevov èl(plxn:o. ôv · lOàw xal :_iJv XHpa}.~v him he bowed his head to Euthymios' feet (2), and, seizing his pall
roïç roV·wv noalv VnoY.Âlvw; ToV re na},},[ov aVrov ne(!l/X(!Œ7:1JÇ and clinging to it, poun•d tears of happincss down his purple dress
yev6p,svoç, rof5ro Y.araanal;6flSVOÇ Xa(!f.tOVlXOÏÇ ()ciX(!VGl ·r:'fJV no? and, confessing the blessed power of Euthymios' prayers, proclaimed
ffJV(!{()a xarif3eexe -z:t]v re -z:ijç dylaç eVzijç a~-z:oV ,taxVv~ ~al ;n~ in a loud voice the comfort he had reccived in hopeless distress
15 lv raïç àve).nlarotç ain;oV ()).hpeat naerJYO(!taV ra re en avnp and the things our father had foretold to him, so that he filled
neob'Y)ÂwfJÉvTa ()wneva{ou; cpwvaïç èÇoJtoÂoyoVp,evoç èx'l}evrce xal those who saw and heard with wonder and amazemcnt. Our
Odpf3ovç x al èxnÀr}Çewç Toïç (1) -z:e OeWat xal ~xoVovatv l~Âf]eov: father, having spoken a few words for his soul's bcnefit, sent him
fllX(!àV ()è rà neàç WcpiÂewv tpvxiJç 0 nat:Jj(! neoae~nwv flET away with his blessing. But he desircd rather to stay with him
eVzijç ToVTov àniÀvev. 6 ()è JttiÂÀov xai neoaJtÉve_tv xat ~eoaoJtt- and converse, and would have compelled him to come to the
20 ÂêÏv ngoe0vf1EÏTO xai neàç Tà f3aa0.eta "CoiJTOV àveÂ8ew naee palace. At first he wouJd not consent, agreeing howevcr after
{3tci,ETO. ToV 6è wh avvOsflÉvov, à).Âà flETd. Tijv nôv navaénTwv the~ost venerable and holy season of Lent. The emperor then
xat dylwv io(!Tiüv "CeaaaeaxoarYJV xaTaveVaaVTOÇ, "Cà nede; W({Jé urged him to say what would be useful for the support of the
Âewv xal aVaraatv "Cfj flOVfj naeWefla xal Wç è<pe"Cdv aVnp èapv monastery and p!easing and agreable to him. But nothing cise
xai ledaflwv elneïv xaTJ]vdyxa,ev. oVfJèv Oè lxeïvoç ËTe~ov would be, said he, pleasing and agreable to him, but that you
25 È((Jaaxev ècpeTdv elvat ToVnp xal ledapwv, 1} Tà lv (j:xawavvn, should govern in justice and piety, with mercy and compassion
xal eVaef3e!a peT' èÂÉovç TE xal avpnaOe{aç ()œv()e"Cetv ae. xat ruling that which is under you, bcaring unceasingly in mind from
bdnetv Td V• nf]xoov, xal xaTa' voVv a• u.>: taA, Et' nTwç s" xuv, o" awv
aot (2) 8Jct{ieewv è~>)enaaev i} rov fiaatÂéwç rôlv fiaatÂev6vrwv
()eÇtd. xal èu ftàÂÂov neoa()r}dst TO'Û eVeafJat, SÏ ye xal aV Tiüv (1) f.UT' oV .noÀ"Ù liè. {3aatÀomiToea àvabelxvvat «{3aatÂonârwe unusual form
30 aVToV ÈvToÂWv nÂt](!WTijç (3) cpavelnç, xal JtiJ Â6yotç f16Pov, àÂÂà for [JaarJ.tondrwe. but guaranteed by the fact thn.t it appears three times ~ (nE
Boon, Index). - Bury, Imp ..A dmin. System, p. 115, compares {3aatJ.6()vea
3 airr:oxeaweelaç c. 4 .E-rvÂwvW -rW ZaoVrl;'Y) c 5 [<~v] DB (V. Du Cange). -De Boor givcs 894 as date of this promotion, taking the tille
6 -ri"fv DB 11 àq;[xoao c. 12 na}.lov c. 17 roVç n: to mean imperial falher-in-law. V. Grumcl (Chronologie des événements du
OeWvTaç xai àxoVovTaç DU. 19 neoaopt}.ÂeiJ' c. 21 Dll, d;v .règne de Léon VI, f..:e/ws d'Orient, t. XXXV, 1936, p. 36 sqq) points out that
navaÉn~wv c ,23 ~ rijç ttovijç? L 27 àbw}.-,].nTwç c. 28 ae DB. this is not ncccssary, and accepts the ùate of Pseudo-Sym., 888-9.
(2) Whcrcas the empcrors are usually reprcsented with God or the Virgin,
rcspectful but ercct, Leo VI, in his mosaic of St. Sophia, is shown on his face
(1) But as if 1}v Odp{Jovç xai benÂ~~ewç roiç re OeWat u. àxoVovat.
.(2) Sec complementary Notes, U0 1, n, VII, p. 157. at the Virgin's feet. IIeoaa.noÀoy~aorro (12, 9-10) as therc is no trace of
reproach on Euthymius' si de, cithcr for the uphcavals rclatcd in this ch,.flpter
(3) ènoÂWv nÀ1JQWT1]ç is not found in the LXX or the N.T. Cf. howev~r,
or even for Leo's affair with Zoe, this mcans perhaps no more thau« apologised
PoLYCARP, Ep. ad Phil. III, Patres Apost., cd. F. X. FUNK: .nen~?]ewxev ev
for not coming sooncr. »
roÀi"Jv..OrxawaVv11ç, from .:\IT. 3, 15: nJ.JJQWaat naaav bruuroavvrlv.