Business and Politics in Europe, 1900–1970 Therehasbeenincreasinginterestinrecentyearsinestablishingconnec- tionsbetweenthepoliticalhistoryandthebusinesshistoryofEuropein thetwentiethcentury.Thisbookincludesnewresearchontheinterac- tionsofpoliticians,businessmenandtheirinstitutionsineightcountries, withparticularfocusonthehighlychargedinter-warperiod. Fourteen essays cover subjects under four main headings: the business–politics paradigm; banking finance; business and politics in theNationalSocialistperiod;andthebusinesscommunityandthestate. Togethertheyformafittingtributetotheacademicscholarshipandin- spiration offered by Alice Teichova. In her distinguished career, and in particular since the publication of her path-breaking book An Eco- nomicBackgroundtoMunich in1974,shehasdonemuchtostimulate acollaborativeapproachtointernationalcomparativeworkinthefield ofeconomic,politicalandbusinesshistory.Thecasestudiespresented heredemonstrateherconsiderablelegacytothesubject. is Director of the Business History Unit, London SchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience. ProfessorAliceTeichovaandDrMikula´sˇTeich Business and Politics in Europe, 1900–1970 Essays in Honour of Alice Teichova Editedby Terry Gourvish ThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridge,CB22RU,UK 40West20thStreet,NewYork,NY10011–4211,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia RuizdeAlarco´n13,28014Madrid,Spain DockHouse,TheWaterfront,CapeTown8001,SouthAfrica http://www.cambridge.org (cid:1)C CambridgeUniversityPress2003 Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2003 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge TypefacePlantin10/12pt. SystemLATEX2ε [] AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN0521823447hardback Contents Listoffigures pagevii Listoftables viii Listofcontributors ix Preface xi 1 Introduction:thebusiness–governmentrelationship 1 PartI Thebusiness–politicsparadigm 2 Businessandgovernmentintwentieth-century Sweden:ataleofincomeredistributionand rent-seeking? 17 3 AneconomicbackgroundtoBerchtesgaden:business andeconomicpolicyinAustriainthe1930s 42 4 Business,politicsandrevolutioninearly twentieth-centuryIreland 63 PartII Bankingfinance 5 BankersandpoliticsinBelgiuminthe twentiethcentury 89 - 6 Centralbankco-operationandRomanianstabilisation, 1926–1929 106 v vi Contents 7 Government,thebanksandindustryininter-war Britain 145 PartIII BusinessandpoliticsintheNational Socialistperiod 8 GermanbusinessandtheNaziNewOrder 171 . 9 ‘Aryanisation’inCentralEurope,1933–1939:a preliminaryaccountforGermany(the‘Altreich’), Austriaandthe‘Sudeten’area 187 , 10 TheGildemeesterOrganisationforAssistanceto EmigrantsandtheexpulsionofJewsfromVienna, 1938–1942 215 11 DeutscheLufthansaandtheGermanstate,1926–1941 246 PartIV Thebusinesscommunityandthestate 12 GovernmentandindustryinAustriainthe1930s 269 - 13 Businessandpolitics:thestateandnetworksinGreece 289 14 Economicefficiencyandnationality:theSiemens subsidiaryElektrotechnainthefirstCzechoslovakian Republic 307 Appendix AliceTeichova:aselectbibliography 325 Index 333 Figures 3.1 AustrianGDP,1920–37,at1937prices page46 3.2 UnemploymentinAustria,1919–39 53 4.1 Irelandatpartition(December1920) 69 10.1 DepartmentalstructureoftheGildemeesterofficeat No.7Wollzeile,Vienna,1938 223 10.2 DepartmentsandactivitiesoftheAuswanderungshilfsaktion fu¨rnichtmosaischeJudeninderOstmark,1940 236 vii Tables 3.1 Macro-economicindicatorsduringtheGreat Depression,1929–33 page47 3.2 AustrianGNPbysector,1929–37 48 3.3 ComponentsofAustrianGDP,1913–44 49 3.4 Indexofaggregateforeigntrade 50 3.5 Thebalanceoftradebysector,1924–37 51 3.6 Budgetaryexpenditureon‘productiveunemployment relief’,1935–7 57 4.1 TradeoftheIrishFreeState,1924–30 65 6.1 IndicesofRomanianinflation,1913–28 108 11.1 Scheduledoperationalandfinancialperformanceof DeutscheLufthansaandImperialAirways/BOAC, 1924–41 248 14.1 NationalityofsalariedemployeesintheElektrotechna companies,1January1932 312 viii Contributors ,UniversityofNewOrleansandEconomicsUniversity, Vienna ,MaxPlanckInstituteforEuropeanLegalHistory, Frankfurt,andTechnicalUniversityofDresden ,UniversityofLeicester ,UniversityofPatras -,AustrianStateArchives,Vienna ,LondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience - ,FreeUniversityofBrussels ,StockholmSchoolofEconomics ,UniversityofNottingham ,EconomicsUniversity,Vienna ,UniversityofReading ,UniversityoftheWestofEngland ,Ruhr-UniversityofBochum . ,King’sCollegeLondon ,TechnicalUniversity,Dresden ,Ruhr-UniversityofBochum ix
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