Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences

495 Pages·2018·377.352 MB·English

by  Paul G. Engelkirk

Robert C.Fader,PhD,D(ABMM)
SectionChief
Microbiology
BaylorScott&WhiteHealth
BaylorScott&WhiteMedicalCenter— Temple
:
Engelkirk,PhD,MT(ASCP),SM(NRCM)
MicrobiologyConsultantand Cofounder
BiomedicalEducationalServices(Biomed Ed)
Round Rock,Texas
Janet Duben-Engelkirk,EdD,MT(ASCP)
Biotechnology/EducationConsultantand Cofounder
BiomedicalEducationalServices(Biomed Ed)
Round Rock,Texas
VP and Publisher: Julie K. Stegman
Acquisitions Editor: Jonathan Joyce
Director ofP roduct Development: Jennifer K. Forestieri
Editorial Coordinator: Tim Rinehart
Editorial Assistant: Lattice Jamison
Marketing Manager: Shauna Kelley
ProductWn Project MtmtJger: Bridgett Dougherty
Design Coordinator: Joan Wendt
Art Director: Jennifer Clements
Manuf1Kt74rmg CoordintmJr: Margie Orzech
Preprm Vendor: S4Carlisle Publishing Services
Eleventh edition
Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer.
© 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health,© 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wllkins, a Wolters Kluwer business, © 2007
Lippincott Williams & Willrins, © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,© 2000 Lippincott Williams & Willrins,
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Printed in China
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Engelkirk, Paul G., author. I Fader, Robert C., author. I
Duben-Engelkirk,Janet L., author.
Title: Burton's microbiology for the health sciences I Robert C. Fader, Paul
G. Engelkirk,Janet Duben-Engelkirk.
Other titles: Microbiology for the health sciences
Description: Eleventh edition. I Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, [2019]
I Paul G. Engelkirk's name appears first in the previous edition. I
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018018473 I ISBN 9781496380463
Subjects: I MESH: Microbiological Phenomena I Communicable
Diseases-microbiology
Classification: LCC QR41.2 I NLM QW 4 I DDC 616.9/041-dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.Ioc.gov/20180 1847 3
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This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon health care professionals' examination of
each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions,
medication history, laboratory data, and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical
advice or guidance, and this work is merely a reference tool. Health care professionals, and not the publisher, are solely
responsible for the use of this work, including all medical judgments, and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments.
Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional verification
of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should
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dosage schedule or contraindications, particularly if the medication to be administered is new, infrequently used, or
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Dedicated to our parents,
spouses, teachers, mentors, colleagues,
andf riends who have encouraged and
helped us to fulfill our dreams.
A B O U T T H E A U T H O R S
from Grand ValleyState UniversityinAllendale,Michi-
gan,and hisPhD inmicrobiologyfrom theUniversityof
Texas Medical Branch, Galveston,Texas. He furthered
his education with a Clinical Microbiology postdoctoral
fellowshipattheUniversityofTexasMedicalBranch.He
has been a diplomate of theAmerican Board of Medical
Microbiologysince1992.
During his career, Dr. Fader has taught microbiol-
ogy in various capacities, including clinical laboratory
science students, medical students, pathology residents,
and infectiousdiseasefellows.Hehas been honored with
numerousteachingawards.Heisalsoa past president of
theSouthwesternAssociationofClinicalMicrobiologists.
About the Authors V
Janet Duben-Engelkirk, EdD, MT(ASCP), has over 40 she was responsible for curriculum development and ad
years of experience in clinical laboratory science and higher ministration of the biotechnology degree programs. As a
education. She received her bachelor's degrees in biology result of her efforts, the college received the prestigious
and medical technology and her master's degree in technical Bellwether Award for innovative programs or practices.
education from the University of Akron. She obtained her She and her husband, Paul, are currently co-owners of a
doctorate in allied health education and administration biomedical educational consulting business.
from a combined program at the University of Houston Dr. Duben-Engelkirk was coeditor of a widely used
and Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. clinical chemistry textbook and has coauthored three micro
Dr. Duben-Engelkirk began her career in clinical labo biology textbooks with Paul (clinical anaerobic bacteriology,
ratory science education teaching students "on the bench" in laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases, and this book).
a medical center hospital in Akron, Ohio. She then became She has authored or coauthored numerous book chapters,
senior education coordinator and associate professor for the journal articles, self-study courses, newsletters, and other
Clinical Laboratory Science Program at the University of educational materials over the course of her career.
Texas Health Science Center at Houston, where she taught Dr. Duben-Engelkirk has received many awards during
clinical chemistry and related subjects for 12 years. In 1992, her career, including Outstanding Young Leader in Allied
Dr. Duben-Engelkirk assumed the position of director of Health, the American Society for Clinical Laboratory
Allied Health and Clinical Laboratory Science Education Science's Omicron Sigma Award for outstanding service,
at Scott and White Hospital in Temple, Texas, wherein and teaching excellence awards. Her professional interests
her responsibilities included teaching microbiology and include instructional technology, computer-based instruc
clinical chemistry. In 2006, Dr. Duben-Engelkirk assumed tion, and distance education. Dr. Duben-Engelkirk enjoys
the position of chair of the Biotechnology Department at traveling, reading, writing, music, yoga, movies, hiking,
the Texas Bioscience Institute and Temple College, where and photography.
Theeleventheditioncontainsnewinformationaboutthe
significance of the human microbiome on human health
and development,an expanded coverage of health care-
associatedinfectionscausedbymultidrugresistantorganisms,
and the appearance of arboviruses such as chikungunya,
dengueand Zika into theAmericas.The bookis divided
into eight major sections, containing a total of 21 chap-
ters.Each chapter contains a Chapter Outline,Learning
Obiiectives, Self-Assessment Exercises, and information
ut the contents. Interesting historical information,
in the form of “Historical Notes,” is spread throughout
the book and is presented in appropriatechapters.More
CriticalThinkingquestionshavebeenadded,andtheyare
located on Pont.
BurtonysMicrobiologyfortheHealthSciencesha< nwritten
primarily for nurses and other health care professionals.
This book provides students of these professions with
vital microbiology information that will enable them to
carry out their duties in an informed,safe, and efficient
manner and protect themselves and their patients from
infectious diseases.Itisappropriate for use in anyintro-
ductorymicrobiologycoursebecauseitcontainsallofthe
conceptsandtopicsrecommendedbytheAmericanSociety
for Microbiology for such courses.Unlike many of the
lengthy introductory microbiology texts on the market,
allofthematerialin this bookcan becoveredina typical
undergraduatemicrobiologycourse.
Preface Vii
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES • Appendix 4: Responsibilities of the Clinical Microbiology
Laboratory
Burton 1 Microbiology for the Health Sciences, 11th edition, • Appendix 5: Clinical Microbiology Procedures
includes additional resources for both instructors and stu • Appendix 6: Preparing Solutions and Dilutions
dents that are available on the book's companion website
Purchasers of the text can access the resources online at
at http://thePoint.lww.com/Engelkirkll e. the Burtrm 1 Microbiology for the Health Sciences, 11th editirm,
website at http:// thePoint.lww.com/Engelkirkll e. See the
lnsb'uctor Resources inside front cover of this text for more details, including
the passcode you will need to gain access to the website.
Approved adopting instructors will be given access to the
following additional resources:
TO OUR READERS
• Image Bank
• Test Generator
As you will discover, the concise nature of this book makes
• Lesson Plans
each sentence significant. Thus, you will be intellectually
• PowerPoint Slides
challenged to learn each new concept as it is presented. It
• Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Procedures Manual
is our hope that you will enjoy your study of microbiology
• Guidelines for Handling Microorganisms in the Teaching
and be motivated to further explore this exciting field,
Laboratory
especially as it relates to your occupation. Many students
• Instructor's Guide
who have used this textbook in their introductory micro
• Answers to Critical Thinking Questions
biology course have gone on to become infection control
• Laboratory Activities
nurses, epidemiologists, medical laboratory professionals,
and microbiologists.
StudentResou~
Students who have purchased Burton1 Microbiology for the OUR THANKS
Health Sciences, 11th edition, have access to the following
additional resources:
We are deeply indebted to the late Gwen Burton, PhD-sole
• Animations covering various topics in the text author of the first four editions of this book and coauthor
• Interactive Quiz Bank of the next four. Her spirit lives on in the pages of this, the
• Student Guide eleventh edition. We can only hope that she would be as
• Additional Self-Assessment Exercises for each chapter proud of what her creation has become as we are. We are
• Lists of new terms in each chapter also grateful to all of the Wolters Kluwer people who helped
• Review of Key Points with the editing and publication of this book, including
• Special "A Closer Look," "Increase Your Knowledge," Tim Rinehart, Editorial Coordinator; Jonathan Joyce,
and "Critical Thinking'' sections to provide additional Acquisitions Editor; Shauna Kelley, Marketing Manager;
insight as well as interesting facts on selected topics Bridgett Dougherty, Production Project Manager; and
from the text Joan Wendt, Designer.
• Appendix 1: Microbial Intoxications
• Appendix 2: Phyla and Medically Important Genera Robert C. Fader
within the Domain Bacteria Paul G. Engellcirk
• Appendix 3: Basic Chemistry Concepts Janet Duben-Engellcirk
User's Guide
In today's health careers, a thorough understanding of
microbiology is more important than ever. But't(m l'M icro
biologyf or the Health Sciemes, 11th edition. not only provides
the conceptual knowledge you will need but also teaches
you how to apply it. This User's Guide introduces you to
the features and tools of this innovative textbook.. Each
feature is specifical1y designed to enhance your learning
experience, preparing you for a successful career as a health
professional.
Overview of
Human Infectious
Chapter Opener Features
Diseases
. · · · · · · · ·· · · · h · ··I'~ · · · --· · :.. · · · P· · · ··· · "· · · · · · · ·· · · · -· · · · · · ·
guide you through the remainder of the lesson.
_.,._
Chapter Outline -___ --.... _--_. ...-..
Serves as a "roadmap" to the material ahead. .................. _.. ..--..._--_- - -----..~-
----....-.-...- -_-·4.. .. .... - &.. --....l..,.~._..-. C .......I...I..•. ....... .._,...... .l l.l.d. ---------
Learning Objectives ------· -
..
Highlight important concepts-helping you to organi.Le
a
and prioritize learning. ..... .... .......,,.. ..................
-.-................... ...
~
~P..i.e.-....·.-.- -................... ..
lntrOCJ uction 4.~...-.....~.~.b.r.l.~l fli:il-o-iWiIWJJ l.lf."-*.*I-I=W.I.I). -.~~ ~~~~-~-
Chapter Features
The following features appear throughout the body of
the chapter. They are designed to hone critical thinking
skills and judgment, build clinical proficiency, and promote
comprehension and retention of the material.
HISTORICAL
Cullurtng Bacterta In 1he
Leboratorr
The Mllleet eucceeetul at
temptS to cultuN microorg.,
illme in alabclndvry 118tting
wwv made by Ferdinand
Cohn (1872), J01111ph Schl'l)o
etar (1875), and Oacer
Breleld (1875). Robert Koch
Historical Note Boxes
dascr1btld hiB cultln tllchnlq~ In 18 81. Initially,
Koch ueeclellcee o1 boiled potatoee on which to cul
ture beet8rta. but he later developed both liquid and Provide insight into the history and
IIOiid lonnao f .tficial med iL GIIIIIWI wu initially development of microbiology and
Ullld as • 110lidifying agent in Koc:h's Wlln madie, health care.
bulln 18112, Fanny H-. the wlr. ol Dr. Walther
Heaaa -one of Koch's 8881stantB-auggll8ted tha usa
of ager. Frau H-(as she Ia moat commonly callad)
hed been ualng agar In hill' klb:han far many yaera as
a IOIICI~D agent In truft and vegetable Jellies. Air
other Koch'e ueletlnt, Richard J.,.lue Petit, lnverrted
glu8 Petri dilhee in 1887 far uee u containn far
IIOiid cultul\'l media M1CI bacterial cullur\'18. The Petri
dishes in u1111 today are virtually unchanged flam 1he
orlglnaJ design, except thet moat oft oday'll laborato
ries UM plastic, pl'lllllerlllzed, dlapMabla Petrl dlahaa.
In 1878, Jaseph Uslar beca'na 1ha trst parson to
VIII