Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology

68 Pages·1996·5 MB·English

by  Natural History Museum (London)

ISSN 0968-0470
Bulletin of
The
Natural History
~
Museum
PRESENTED
fiENERAL LIBRARY
|
Zoology
Series
VOLUME 62 NUMBER 2 28 NOVEMBER 1996
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WorldListabbreviation: Bull. nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Zool.)
©The Natural History Museum, 1996
Zoology Series
ISSN 0968-0470 Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 71-132
The Natural History Museum
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London SW7 5BD Issued 28 November 1996
TypesetbyAnnBuchan(Typesetters),Middlesex
PrintedinGreatBritainbyHenryLingLtd.,attheDorsetPress,Dorchester,Dorset
Bull. nar. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Zool.)62(2): 71-82 Issued28November 1996
Indian Ocean echinoderms collected during
the Sindbad Voyage (1980-81): 3. Ophiuroidea
and Echinoidea
ANDREW R.G. PRICE
EcosystemsAnalysisandManagementGroup, DepartmentofBiologicalSciences, UniversityofWarwick,
Coventry CV4 7AL, UK THE NATURAL
HISTORY MUSEUM
FRANCIS W.E. ROWE
GoldbrookBoarding Kennels, Nuttery Vale, CrossStreet, Home, Suffolk IP21 5BB, UK 11 L>l.u1996
PRESENTED
GENERAL LIBRARY
SYNOPSIS. At least 44 ophiuroid and 11 echinoid species are recorded from echinoderm collections made during an
internationalexpedition,theSindbadVoyage, fromOmantoChina. Samplinglocalitiesincludethe littleknown Lakshadweep
(Laccadive), Islands and Pula We (Sumatra) from which 71% ofthe species were recorded. Following the zoogeographic
subdivisionsofClark&Rowe(1971),rangeextensionsarerecordedfortenoftheophiuroids:W.India(Amphioplus(Lymanella)
sp.);SriLanka{Ophiactismodesta, Ophiarachnarobillardi, Ophiodyscritainstratus);Maldivesarea{Cryptopeltagranulifera,
Ophiochaetahirsuta);andIndonesia/EastIndies(Amphiura(Amphiura)dejectoides,Amphiura(Amphiura)micro,Amphioplus
{Amphioplus) sienaspis, Ophiogymna pellicula). In addition to the taxonomic treatment, ecological information for each
echinodermspecies(habitattypes,depthrange)isprovidedandbroadly analysed.
INTRODUCTION MATERIALSAND METHODS
The systematica and distribution of Indian Ocean ophiuroids and Specimenswerecollectedbyoneofus(A.R.G.P.)andotherexpedi-
echinoidsaretreatedindetail byClark& Rowe(1971). Regions for tion members from localities at Muscat, Oman; Chetlat, Laks-
which limited information is available include the Lakshadweep hadweeps (Laccadives); SW India; SW Sri Lanka; and Pula We,
(Laccadive) Islands, Sumatra and other parts of SE Asia. Recent Sumatra. Details ofthe sampling localities are shown in Figure I.
studies including the systematica and zoogeography ofophiuroids Samplingwasundertaken principallyoncoralreefsusingscuba.At
and echinoids for the Lakshadweeps include Nagabhushanam & each locality detailsofhabitattype and depth range were recorded,
Rao(1972)andJames(1989),the latteryielding many newspecies alongwiththenumberofindividualsofeachspecies.Thenumberof
records for both echinoderm classes, which fill in gaps in the specimens collected is placed in parenthesis after each station
distributionrecordsofClark& Rowe(1971). Recent workhasalso number in the Material lists foreach species.
been undertaken in SEAsia, including Indonesia (Aziz, 1981) and Material was fixed and preserved using standard methods (Lin-
the westcoastofThailand (Bussarawit & Rowe, 1985; Bussarawit, coln & Shields, 1979). Although several specimens (inadvertently
includedwiththeasteroidcollections)hadbeenidentifiedearlierby
in prep.).
L.M. Marsh andafewpreliminary identifications were made inthe
This paper reports on collections of ophiuroids and echinoids field by A.R.G.P., specimens were mostly identified by and all
ftrraonmsditshceispelinaarreyasvoaynadgeotahcerrossloctahleitIinesdiadnurOicngeananfrinotmerOnamtaionnalt,o snpoemciicesccoomnmfeinrtmse.d bTyheF.Wo.pEh.iRu.rowidhoanisdaelcsohirneosipdoncsoilblleectfioornstaxaor-e
China.Theexpedition,SindbadVoyage,wasundertakenin 1980-81 deposited at the Natural History Museum, London, where the
aboard a replica of an ancient Arab sailing vessel, 'Sohar'. In holothurian collection (Price & Reid, 1985) and a representative
additiontoasystematicaccount,thezoogeographic significanceof collection of the asteroids (Marsh & Price, 1991) have also been
the results and the ecology of each species are broadly assessed.
lodged.
Details of the holothurian collections (Price & Reid, 1985) and &
asteroidcollections(Marsh& Price, 1991)resultingfromtheexpe- sysFtoelmlaotwiicnrgefreerceennctespraarcetkiecpet(teo.ga.mSilnoainm,uCmlabrykcitinTgaymlaojro,r1w9o7r9k)s,
dairteiaolnshoabveeianlgrepardeypabreeedn(pMuabrlsihsahleld.&DePtraiicles,oinftphreepc.r),inaoniddsacodlelteacitleedd w1h97e6n;pCohsseirbbloenn(ei.egr.C&larGkui&lleR,ow1e9,781;97R1o;wCelar&k&GatCeosu,rt1m9a9n5)Stforcokm,
analysis of the ecology and biogeography of all five echinoderm which the original species descriptions, recent authoritative diag-
classes will follow. noses and taxonomic decisions can be traced. In some instances,
further references are given (e.g. Sloan et al„ 1979) to provide
Addressforcorrespondence:Firstauthor additional systematic orbiological information.
©TheNaturalHistoryMuseum, 1996
72 A.R.G.PRICEANDF.W.E. ROWE
O
50 E 60 70 80 90 100
Udjung
Ug Bau Lo Me Ug TaPa
Ga d a
j
Fig. 1. (a)MapofnorthernIndianOceanshowingsamplingareas(•)duringSindbadVoyage,withinsert(b)forPulaWeSumatra.
INDIAN OCEAN ECHINODERMS 73
RESULTS 4. Amphiura (Amphichilus) ochroleuca (Brock, 1888)
See. Clark&Rowe, 1971 78; 100; Rowe&Gates, 1995: 344.
:
Class Ophiuroidea Material. 810502C/1 (1), 810427B/3 (1).
Collection sites. SE Klah, SE Lho Pria Laot, Pula We, Sum-
atra.
GORGONOCEPHALIDAE
Family Habitatand depth. In sponge andon subtidal rock; 0-10m.
Remarks. This species is known from the Indo-Malayan region
1. Astroboa nuda (Lyman, 1874) and more orless circumscribestheAustraliancontinental coastline
(Rowe & Gates, 1995). Pula We appears to be the most westerly
See. Clark&Rowe, 1971:78;92;Clark&CourtmanStock, 1976: pointofitsdistribution known todate.
108; 130; Baker, 1980: 60; Rowe & Gates, 1995: 364.
5. Amphioplus (Amphioplus) stenapsis H.L. Clark, 1938
Material. 810504D/3 (1), 810504D/4 (1).
Collection sites. NW Klah, PulaWe, Sumatra. SEE. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 78; 101; Rowe & Gates, 1995: 344.
Habitatand depth. Subtidal rock/coral; 13 m. Material. 8I0422B/4 (1).
Collection sites. Nr. Klah/Seukundo, PulaWe, Sumatra(disc
only).
Family AMPHIURIDAE
Habitatand depth. Coral reef, 2-8 m.
Remarks. Although the single specimen comprises only a com-
2. Amphiura (Amphiura) dejectoides H.L. Clark, 1939 plete disc with the bases of2 arms (6 & 9 segments respectively),
thereislittledoubtofitsidentity.Thisrecordextendstherangeofthe
See. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 80; 97; Cherbonnier & Guille, 1978: speciesto PulaWe from its type locality, Darwin, NAustralia. The
33. record ofA. stenapsis from Madagascar by Cherbonnier & Guille
Material. 810501E/8 (4); 7810428D/5 (2). (th1e97v8e)ryissamlamlolstsiczeertoafinltyhebarsadeidalonshaiemlidssidoefnttihfeiicratsipoenc,ijmuedngsi.ngThbey
Collection sites. Ug Tapa Gadja & Ug Seukundo, Pula We, confirmation ofthis species in the western Indian Ocean therefore
Sumatra. requires confirmation.
Habitatanddepth. Subtidal rock/coral,coralreef; 1 & 15 m. 6. Amphioplus (Lymanella) sp.
Remarks. The specimens from stn 8I0501E/8 appear to accord
well with the original description (Clark, 1939) ofthe species and Material. 810109A/lb (2).
descriptions in Clark & Rowe (1971) and Cherbonnier & Guille Collection sites. Beypore, India (west coast).
(1978). The 2 specimens from stn 810428D/5 differ in theirfirmer
disc, with coarser ventral scaling and in having 6 arm spines Habitat and depth. Subtidal mud, 9 m.
proximallyinsteadoffineventralscalingand5proximalarmspines. Remarks. Only the mouthparts and bases ofthe arms are avail-
TClhaeryk&areRoiwdeen,ti1f9ie7d1)assuAs.pedcetjeedcAtmoipdheisurwaitihnhraecseenrvsaitsiBona.liCnlsakrykma(iyn Aabmlpehitoopilduesnt(ifLyymtahnieslltaa)x.onT,hwehidocrhsaclleaarrlmyprleaptreesseanrtestrailsopbeecd,iessugo-f
bfeircmoendsbpyecCihfeicrbwointnhieAr.&deGjueicltloeid(e1s97H8)..L.ThCelarrekc,oradscionncclluudseidonhecroeni-n gleaesvtiisng(Leyitmhaenr,sp1e8c7i4e)sinA.the(L.k)eyanpdrroevaideed(LbiyitkCelna,rk1&872R)oowreA(.19(7L1.:)
extend the distribution ofthis species eastwards across the Indian 102). Cherbonnier & Guille (1978) indicate that laevis has a wide
Ocean from the Red Sea, East Africaand Madagascarto the Indo- rangeintheIndianOceanandIndo-Malayregion, whereasClark&
Malayan region. Inthe latterregion itmay prove tobe widespread. Rowe (1971) record andreae only from the Malay region. Without
complete specimens it is not possible to determine the species nor
indeed whetherandreae and laevis are taxonomically separable.
3. Amphiura {Amphiura) micra H.L. Clark, 1938
SEE. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 80; 97; Cherbonnier & Guille, 1978: Family OPHIACTIDAE
46; Rowe & Gates, 1995: 350.
Material. 810423B/2 (1).
7. Ophiactis modesta Brock, 1888
Collection sites. Ug Bau, PulaWe, Sumatra.
Habitatand depth. Coral, coral reef; 10-30m. See. Clark&Rowe, 1971: 105; Rowe & Gates, 1995: 379.
Remarks. This species is recorded across the tropical coast of Material. 810206A/8 (3).
AustraliaandfromMadagascar. ItsdiscoveryatPulaWesuggestsa Collection sites. Negombo, Sri Lanka.
wider distribution in the Indo-Malayan region for this very small
species. Habitatand depth. Coral/rock; 5 m.
74 A.R.G. PRICEANDF.W.E. ROWE
Remarks. The 3 specimens were collected in a batch of6 from 11. Ophiothrix exigua Lyman, 1874
stn 810206A/8 with 3 specimens of O. savignyi. They run
unequivocably to the species O. modesta in the key provided by See. Clark&Rowe, 1971: 84; 110; Cherbonnier& Guille, 1978:
Clark&Rowe(1971: 105)wheretherelationshipwithotherconge- 140; Rowe &Gates, 1995: 422.
nersisdiscussedbyA.M. Clark(notes 25-27, pp. 103-105). Rowe
(in Rowe &Gates, 1995) preferred to follow the views ofClark& Material. 810206A/8 (5), 810502C/1 (2), 810502E/2 (3).
Rowe (1971) regarding recognising the validity of the species O. COLLECTION sites. Negombo, Sri Lanka; E Klah, Pula We,
modesta, a course also followed herein, rather than accept the Sumatra.
sweeping synonymy of O. savignyi, which includes O. modesta,
& Habitatanddepth. Coral/rock,spongeoncoralreefandsubtidal
givenby Cherbonnier Guille (1978).
rock; 5-10m.
8. Ophiactis savignyi (Miiller & Troschel, 1842) Remarks. One specimen from stn 810206A/8, both from
810502C/1 andtwo from 810502E/3 are veryjuvenile specimens.
See. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 82; 103; Clark & Courtman Stock, &
1976: 164; Cherbonnier & Guille, 1978: 125; Sloan et ai, 1979: 12. Ophiothrix savignyi (Miiller Troschel, 1842)
102; Price, 1983: 61; Rowe &Gates, 1995: 380.
See. Clark& Rowe, 1971: 84; 109; Cherbonnier& Guille, 1978:
Material. 810206A/3 (5), 810206A/8 (3), 810426A/2 (1), 142; Price, 1983:65.
810501E/1 (1), 810501G/3 (1), 8105011/2 (1), 810502F/4 (2).
W Material. 801114B/1 (1).
Collection sites. Negombo, Sri Lanka; Rubiah, Ug
Seukundo, E Klah, PulaWe, Sumatra. Collection sites. Muscat, Oman (1 specimen).
Habitatanddepth. Sponge,coral/rock,subtidalrock,coralreef; Habitatand depth. Coral reef; 2 m.
5-14 m.
13. Ophiothrix trilineata Lutken, 1869
Remarks. The specimens identified here are fissiparous and 6-
armedwithtrilobeddorsal armplatesandproximally6arm spines, SEE. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 84; 111; Clark & Courtman Stock,
according well with the key characters given in Clark & Rowe 1976: 145; Sloan etal, 1978: 103; Rowe &Gates, 1995: 423.
(1971).
Material. 810420A/5 (2), 810422B/3 (3), 810426A/2 (1),
810428A/9 (2), 810428C/7 (1), 810428D/3a&b(6&2), 810430A/8
(1), 810430A/18 (1), 810430A/21c (1), 810501D/2(1), 810501E/2
Family OPHIOTRICHIDAE (831)0,580120F5/021E(1/)5,(811),0580110F5/031E(/1)8,(811),08501015G0/11E/(29),(28),108510015G0/13E/l(1I&(1)1,
juvenile), 810501G/5 (3), 810502C/2(1 veryjuvenile), 810502D/4
9. Gymnolophus obscura (Ljungman, 1867) (4), 810502E/3 (4juvenile), 810502F/2 (2juvenile), 810502G/3 (2
juvenile).
See. Clark& Rowe, 1971:82; 117; Rowe & Gates, 1995:411.
COLLECTION sites. Klah /E Klah, Nr. Seukundo, Ug Seukundo,
Material. 810124A/11 (1), 810125A/2 (1), 810430A/20d (2). Pula We, Sumatra, W Rubiah, Ug Bau, Ug Tapa Gadja, Pula We,
Collection sites. Ala Gala & DeumbaGala, Galle, Sri Lanka; Sumatra.
Ug Seukundo, PulaWe, Sumatra. Habitat and depth. Coral reef, soft coral / gorgonian, subtidal
Habitatanddepth. Coralreefandepizoiconcrinoidsonsubtidal rock, sponge/subtidal rock, sponge; 2-30 m.
rock; 8-15 m. Remarks. The majority of specimens exhibit the characteristic
Remarks. This species is commonly epizoic on comasterid armcolourpatternof5 longitudinallinesalternatingwhiteanddark
crinoids, thehost speciesforwhichhavenotbeenidentifiedforthe blue. However, afewspecimensbearawidemedianpalelongitudi-
specimens recorded herein. nal line along the arms, and at least one specimen (810501E/2) is
distinctivelypatternedwithcreamblotches,thelinearpatternbeing
discernableonlyneartheendsofthearms(seeClark&Rowe, 1971:
10. Ophiotheladanae Verrill, 1869 111). Nextto O. (A.)purpurea, this is the mostcommon ophiuroid
species collected.
See. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 84; 116; Clark & Courtman Stock,
1976: 141; Price, 1983: 63; Rowe& Gates, 1995:419. 14. Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) armata Koehler,
Material. 810125B/1 (3), 810206A/3/78 (4), 810425F/8 (10+), 1905
810428A/2(7),810428A/14(3),810501A/3(30+),810501A/4(l),
810428B/1 (2), 810428D/3c (3), 810501E/9 (15+). See. Clark& Rowe, 1971: 84; 111; Rowe& Gates, 1995: 423.
Collection sites. Ala Galla, Galle & Negombo, Sri Lanka; N. Material. 810422B/4 (15+), 810502F/6 (2).
Udjung LoMe (NE Sabang Bay), Ug Bau, Ug Seukundo, UgTapa
Gadja, PulaWe, Sumatra Collection sites. Klah/Nr. Seukundo, PulaWe, Sumatra.
Habitatanddepth. Coral reef, 2-8 m.
Habitatanddepth. Epizoiconmacroalgae,gorgonian,firecoral
(Miileporasp.)spongeandonholothurians(Thelenotaananas),all Remarks. This species is recorded from the Indo-Malay region,
on rock/coral; 2-30m. tropical Australian coasts and the South Pacific (Clark & Rowe,
1
INDIAN OCEAN ECHINODERMS 75
1971).The presentrecord isthe mostwesterly sofarknownforthe Habitatand depth. Coral rubble, coral reef; 8 m & 20-30 m.
species.
Remarks. A.M.Clark(1968)transferredthisspeciestothegenus
MacrophiothrixreferringOphiothrix(Amphiophiothrix)H.L.Clark,
15. Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix)purpurea von
Martens, 1867 1946,ofwhichdemessaistype(andonly)speciestothesynonymy
ofMacrophiothrixH.L. Clark, 1938.
SEE. Clark& Rowe, 1971: 86; 1 12; Cherbonnier&Guille, 1978:
148; Sloan etal., 1978: 103; Rowe &Gates, 1995: 423. 19. Macrophiothrix elongata (H.L. Clark, 1938)
Material. 810204A/4 (3), 810421A/2 (1), 810421A/9 (1 juve- See. Clark, 1968:291;Clark&Rowe, 1971:82; 114;Price, 1983:
nile), 810421B/1 (1), 810422D/3 (2), 810423A/4 (1), 810423B/2 61; Hoggett, 1992: 125.
(1), 810425D/2 (1), 80425D/4b(1), 810425F/7 (7), 810425F/8 (1),
810426A/2 (3), 810427A/2 (2), 810428A/2 (2), 810428A/7 (3), Material. 801111A/5 (1), 801114A/5 (2), 801114B/2 (1).
810428A/8 (4), 810428A/9 (2), 810428D/3f(23), 810430A/3 (1), Collection sites. Muscat harbour, Oman.
810430A/21c (6), 810430A/22b (1), 810430A/26 (5), 810501A/
(1), 810501A/2 (1 juvenile), 810501A/4 (1 juvenile), 810501A/6 Habitat and depth. Coral reef, subtidal rock/coral/sand; 0.5-3
(9), 810501E/7 (2), 810501E/9 (1), 810501E/14 (1), 810501E/15 m.
(1), 810504B/2(1).
20. Macrophiothrix longipeda (Lamarck, 1816)
Collectionsites. SWKalpitiya,SriLanka;UgBau,Rubiah,Ug
Seukundo, UgTapaGadja,NKlah,?N. UdjungLoMe,NESabang SEE. Clark, 1968: 300; Clark & Rowe, 1971: 82; 114; Clark &
Bay, PulaWe, Sumatra.
Courtman Stock, 1976: 139; Hoggett, 1991: 1103; Hogett, 1992:
Habitat and depth. Coral reef, soft coral, fire coral (Millepora 151; Rowe & Gates, 1995:413.
sspp.o)n,gseu)b;ti2d-al30romc.k/coral(epizoiconsoftcoral/gorgonian&crinoid, Material. 801212B/3 (1), 810206A/5 (1), 810430A/24a(1).
COLLECTION SITES. Chetlat, Lakshadweep (Laccadive) Islands;
Remarks. The mostcommon ophiuroid species collected. Negombo, Sri Lanka; Ug Seukundo, PulaWe, Sumatra.
Habitatand depth. Coral/rock, coral rubble; 5-10 m.
16. Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) spinosissima
Koehler, 1905
21. Macrophiothrix lorioli A.M. Clark, 1968
See. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 86; 112. See. Clark, 1968: 302; Clark & Rowe, 1971: 82; 115; Hoggett,
Material. 810422B/4 (4), 810501G/5 (2), 810502F/6 (I ). 1991: 1108; Hoggett, 1992: 161; Rowe& Gates, 1995:414.
COLLECTIONsites. UgSeukundo, Klah/UgSeukundo,PulaWe, Material. 810502D/2 (1), 810502E/1 (1).
Sumatra.
Collection sites. E Klah, PulaWe, Sumatra.
Habitat and depth. Coral reef, 2-8 m. Habitat and depth. Coral reef, coral reef/subtidal rock; 5 &
Remarks. Thespecimensrundownwell toO. (A.)spinossimain 10m.
the key provided by Clark & Rowe (1971). However, 2 specimens
fromstn810422B/4haveasingledarklinerunningthelengthofthe 22. Macrophiothrix nereidina (Lamarck, 1816)
dorsal side ofthe arms, ratherthan aseries ofdark spots.
See. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 86; 107 (as Ophiothrix (Keystonea)
17. Macrophiothrixaspidota (Miiller & Troschel, 1842) nereidina);Hoggett, 1992:228(asMacrophiothrix);Rowe&Gates,
1995: 426 (as O. (Keystonea)nereidina).
SEE. Clark, 1968: 285: Clark & Rowe, 1971: 114; Clark &
Courtman Stock, 1976: 137; Hoggett, 1992: 91. Material. 810421A/4 (1), 810422B/3 (2), 810430A/20d (1),
810430A/21c (2), 810430A/22b(1), 810501E/6 (1).
Material. 810123B/6 (1), 810124A/8 (1), 810206A/6 (1), Collection sites. Ug Seukundo, Pula We, Sumatra.
810206A/7(1).
Collectionsites. Negombo,ClosenburgPoint,Galle,AlaGala, Habitatand depth. Coral reef, coral/rock; 2-10 m.
Galle, Sri Lanka. REMARKS. The species nereidina (which was placed in the
Habitatand depth. Subtidal rock, coral /rock; 5-15 m. subgenusOphiothrix(Keystonea)byA.M.Clark, 1967)isincluded
hereininthegenusMacrophiothrix.Hoggett(1991)statedthat 'itis
particularlydifficulttodeterminetherespectiveboundariesbetween
18. Macrophiothrix demessa (Lyman, 1861) MacrophiothrixH.L.Clark, 1938andtwosubgeneraofOphiothrix,
O. (Placophiothrix) H.L. Clark, 1938 and O. (Keystonea) A.M.
See. Clark, 1968: 289; Clark & Rowe, 1971: 82; 114; Hoggett, Clark, 1967.'The differences between these taxahavetraditionally
1991: 1089; 1992: 117; Rowe & Gates, 1995: 412. reliedprincipallyonarmlength,shapeofdorsalarmplates,relative
spinular armament ofthe disc plates including cover ofthe radial
Material. 801212B/1 (1), 810424B/4 (2). plates(see A.M. Clark, 1967;Clark&Rowe, 1971).Thedifficulty
Collection sites. Chetlat, Lakshadweep (Laccadive) Islands; inrecognising the supraspecific limits ofthesetaxa is made all the
Seulakoe, PulaWe, Sumatra. more obvious by the treatment of the species Macrophiothrix
76 A.R.G.PRICEANDF.W.E. ROWE
propinqua, placedinthesubgenusKeystoneabyA.M.Clark(1967), pointedgranuleswithlarger,conicalspinesinterradiallytowardsthe
whilst Devaney (1974) described O. (Placophiothrix) westwardi edge of the disc. Clark & Courtman Stock (1976) include
which has beenconsideredconspecific withpropinqua by Hoggett Placophiothrix phrixa H.L. Clark as a synonym of O. fulgens
(1991). Later, in a far-reaching and critical treatment of Macro- (Koehler)whichinturnisincludedinthesynonymyofO.pellicula
phiothrix, Hoggett (1992: PhD thesis) commits both the taxa byRowe(inRowe&Gates, 1995).Thespeciesthereforeappearsto
Placophthiothrix and Keystonea to the synonymy of Macrophio- tobedistributedfromtheGulfofAdentotheIndo-Malayregionand
NW
thrix,transferringtheincludedspeciesoftheformertwotaxatothe the coastofAustraliain depthsof 10-116 m.
lattertaxon andto whom this move is herein credited.
27. Ophiopteron elegans Ludwig, 1888
23. Macrophiothrixpropinqua (Lyman, 1861)
See. Clark& Rowe, 1971: 84; 115; Rowe &Gates, 1995: 419.
See. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 86; 107 (as Ophiothrix (Keystonea) Material. 810428D/3e (2), 810428D/5 (8).
propinqua);Clark, 1980:537;Hoggett, 1991: 1130;Hoggett, 1992:
204; Rowe &Gates, 1995: 415. Collection sites. UgTapa Gadja, PulaWe, Sumatra.
MATERIAL. 810428D/5 (5), 810501C/3 (1 juvenile), 810501D/1 Habitatand depth. Coral reef, subtidal rock/coral; 15 m.
(1juvenile), 810501E/13 (1), 810501DF/1 (1juvenile), 810501G/1
(1), 810501G/5 (3), 8105011/2 (2), 810502F/3 (1), 810502G/3 (1).
Family OPHIOCOMIDAE
Collection sites. Ug Tapa Gadja, Ug Seukundo, E Klah, Pula
We, Sumatra.
Habitatanddepth. Subtidalrock/coral,coralrubble,coralreef, 28. Ophiarthrumpictum Miiller & Troschel, 1842
softcoral; 2-20 m. See. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 86; 121; Rowe& Gates, 1995: 385.
Remarks. This species was first transferred to the genus Material. 810502H/1 (1).
Macrophiothrix H.L. Clark, 1938 by A.M. Clark (1980) from
Ophiothrix(Keystonea)A.M. Clark, 1967. Collection sites. E Klah, PulaWe, Sumatra.
Habitatand depth. Subtidal rock, 2m.
24. Macrophiothrix variabilis (Duncan, 1887)
29. Ophiocomella sexradia (Duncan, 1887)
SEE. Clark, 1968: 308;Clark&Rowe, 1971: 115; Hoggett, 1991:
1138; Hoggett, 1992: 218; Rowe &Gates, 1995: 416. See. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 86; 118; Devaney, 1974: 162;
Material. 810206A/4 (1). Cherbonnier&Guille, 1978: 179; Rowe & Gates, 1995: 389.
Collection sites. Negombo, Sri Lanka. Material. 81042D8/3d (1).
Habitatanddepth. Coral/rock, 5 m. Collection sites. Ug TapaGadja, PulaWe, Sumatra.
Habitatand depth. Coral reef; 15 m.
25. Macrophiothrix virgata (Lyman, 1861) Remarks. The single specimen fromPulaWe measures d.d. = 3
SEE. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 86; 113 (as Ophiothrix (Placophio- mupmp;eram.lo.s=t o1f0+thmem4 a(rbmrokspeinnenseairstdiips).tiWncittlhy tlhoengeexrcetphtainonthtehaltowtehre
thrix) virgata); Hoggett, 1992: 236.
ones, the character separating Ophiomastix sexradiata A.H. Clark
Material. 810423D/2 (1). 1952 (known only from its type locality: BikiniAtoll, Marshall Is,
SW Pacific) from Ophiocomella sexradia (Duncan)(identified
Collection sites. Ug Bau, PulaWe, Sumatra.
throughouttheIndo-WestPacificregionandpossiblytropicopolitan)
Habitatand depth. Coral reef; 2-8 m. in Clark & Rowe's (1971) key, all other skeletal characters ofthe
presentspecimenaccordwiththosedescribedasfittingO. sexradia
REMARKS. See remarks under Macrophiothrixnereidina. (note 65, p. 118) by A.M. Clark. Cherbonnier & Guille (1978),
following their study ofMalagasy material, concur with the com-
26. Ophiogymnapellicula (Duncan, 1876) ments expressed by A.M. Clark (in Clark & Rowe, 1971) and
tentatively consider Ophiomastixsexradiata tobeconspecific with
SEE. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 84; 117; Clark & Courtman Stock, Ophiocomella sexradia simultaneously agreeing with A.M. Clark
1976; 140(as O.fulgens); Rowe&Gates, 1995: 417. that the status ofthe genus Ophiocomella as distinct from Ophio-
comaremainsdoubtful.Althoughthepresentspecimendoesnothing
Material. 810504B/2 (1). toclarifythegenericstatusofOphiocomella,itdoessupportstrongly
Collection sites. Rubiah, PulaWe, Sumatra. tthhee sviyenwontyhamtythperotpwoosendombiynaClhesrpbeocnineisearre&cGounislpleeci(f1i9c78a)n.dconfirm
Habitatand depth. Softcoral; 10 m.
30. Ophiocoma dentata Miiller & Troschel, 1842
Remarks. The single specimen has ad.d. = 2.7 mm, a.l. = c. 20
mwimt.h Twihdeedipsicnkisamnodttnlaerdrocwrecarmeaamndbapnidnsk.,Aanndirtrheegualramrsloanrgeibtuadnidneadl See. Devaney, 1970: 13; Clark& Rowe, 1971: 86; 119; Rowe &
Gates, 1995: 386.
lineofcream spots isevidentalongthedorsal midlineofthe arms.
The disc is covered (except for the radial shields) with minute, Material. 810502H/2b (1).
INDIAN OCEAN ECHINODERMS 77
Collection sites. E Klah, PulaWe, Sumatra. Habitatand depth. Coral reef; 20 m.
Habitatand depth. Subtidal rock, 2m. 33. Ophiocomapusilla (Brock, 888)
1
Remarks. This single specimen (d.d. c. 11.3 mm, distorted)
exhibits two of the described colour forms for the species. At the SEE. Devaney, 1970: 25; Clark & Rowe, 1971: 86; 118; Clark &
centre ofthe dorsal surface ofthe disc is a cream spot (c. 1.1 mm CourtmanStock, 1976: 174; Sloanetal, 1979: 106;Rowe&Gates,
mm
diameter).Thisis surroundedby anirregularring(c. 2.2 wide) 1995: 388.
twhheicdihscisduonrisaflolrymlayndduvseknyt/rgalrleyyiwsirtehtidcaurlkaetredsdpoutssk.yT/ghreeyreomnaiancderreaomf Material. 810422E/4 (1), 810425C/2 (1), 810430A/21c (1),
810501E/3(1),810501K/4(1).
background.
COLLECTION sites. N Klah island, Sabang Bay, Ug Seukundo,
31. Ophiocoma erinaceus Muller & Troschel, 1842 Pula We, Sumatra.
SEE. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 114;119; Clark & Courtman Stock, Habitat and depth. Coral/sand, coral conglomerate, coral reef;
1976: 173; Sloansa/, 1979: 106; Bussarawit&Rowe, 1985: 1 (as 2-10m.
O. similanensis n. sp.); Rowe& Gates, 1995: 387. Remarks. The 5 specimens range in size from d.d. = 3-7.5 mm.
Thecharacteristic,enlarged,tissue-coveredarmspines(seeClark&
M8a1t0e4r2i7aDl/.5 (1)8,018211024A28/C3/6(1)(,2j8u1ve0n4i2le2sB)/,381(0104)2,8E8/1504(127jBu/ve1nil(e1)),, Rowe, 1971) appearon specimensfrom d.d. > 5 mm.
810430A/3 (2), 810501F/1 (1), 810501G/5 (3), 810501G/6 (2), 34. Ophiomastix annulosa (Lamarck, 1816)
810501K/1 (2).
Collection sites. Chetlat, Lakshadweep (Laccadive) Islands; See. Clark & Rowe, 1971: 86; Rowe & Gates, 1995: 390.
UgSeukundo, Ug Bau,LhoPriaLaot, UgMurung, UgTapaGadja,
Pula We, Sumatra. Material. 810123A/3 (1), 810212A/3 (2), 810213A/4 (1).
Habitatanddepth. Coralreef,coralconglomerate,coralrubble, COLLECTION SITES. Kakoni rocks. Pigeon Island & Unawatuna,
Galle,Tangalla, Sri Lanka.
subtidal rock; 2-25 m.
Remarks. This is the commonest species of Ophiocoma col- rHoacbki;t3a-t10anm.d DEPTH. Coral reef, subtidal rock/coral, subtidal
lected.Thecollectioncomprisessome26specimens,ranginginsize
fromd.d. = 3.6-22.2 mm, which showclearly both colourchanges
and development ofdisc granulation with growth. Juveniles up to 35. Ophiomastix caryophyllata Lutken, 1869
d.d. = c. 5 mm bear no granules and are usually marked radially See. Clark&Rowe, 1971:86; 120;Cherbonnier&Guille, 1978:
a&crRoossweeac(h19r8ad5i)alfosrhitehledirwintehwascpreecaimesliOn.e,saismidleasncernisbiesd.bByyBuds.ds.ar=aw5i.t7 185; Rowe& Gates, 1995: 390.
mm
radiagtriangnulliensesarteodtehveeleodpgeedoafttthhee cdeisnctrewhoefretheandiisrcreagnudlaarlloinnge 1o0f Material. 810425C/1 (2), 810428C/7 (72), 810430A/21b (2).
granules is developed around the peripheryjoining these radiating Collection sites. E Sabang Bay, Ug Bau, Ug Seukundo, Pula
We, Sumatra
linesandthus leavingbarethedorsal interradial andradial portions
ofthe disc. By d.d. = c. 11 mm granules are developed over the Habitatand depth. Coral reef, coral/rock; 3-10 m.
interradialbutnotradialregionsofthedisc,butgranulesarestillnot
developed ventrally. By d.d. = 12.5 mm granules cover the whole
surface ofthe disc except forthe radial shields which remain bare, Family OPHIONEREIDAE
whilegranulesbegintoextendinawedgeshape,ontheventral side
ofthedisc.Thisarrangementmayremain inspecimensuptod.d.=
14 mm but generally from about d.d. = > 13 mm the radial shields &
become covered by granules. In specimens up to d.d. = 12.5 mm 36. Ophionereis dubia (Muller Troschel, 1842)
some central and peripheral granules may be more prominent by
tahreeirmoslrieghetvlyenmloyrreoeulnodnegdataendshmapoer,ebourtliensslaervgeernlsypesciziemde.nTshgeracnruelaems PSreiec.e, 1C9l8a3r:k6&7;RRoowwee,&197G1a:tes1,221;99C5l:ar4k08&. Courtman, 1976: 179;
colourpatterndisappearswithincreasedd.d. and isabsentinspeci- Material. 810502D/5 (1).
mens with d.d. > 11 mm.
ItisveryclearthatOphiocomasimilanensisBussarawit&Rowe, Collection sites. E Klah, PulaWe, Sumatra.
1985 is based onjuvenile specimens of O. erinaceus, to the syn- Habitatand depth. Subtidal rock/sand; 10 m.
onymy ofwhich O. similanensis is herein committed.
32. Ophiocomapica Muller & Troschel 37. Ophionereisfusca Brock, 1888
SCeoeu.rtmDaenvaSnteocyk,,11997706::2157;3;ClSalrokan&etRaolw,e1,97199:711:068;6;Ro1w18e;&ClGaartkes&, SReoew.e &ClaGrakt,esA,.1M9.951:945038:.69; 78; Clark & Rowe, 1971: 88; 122;
1995: 387. Material. 810421B/2 (1).
Material. 801212A/3 (1). Collection sites. Nr. Seukundo, PulaWe, Sumatra.
Collection sites. Chetlat, Lakshadweep (Laccadive) islands. Habitatand depth. Subtidal sand; 10-20m.
78 A.R.G.PRICEANDF.W.E. ROWE
Family OPHIODERMATIDAE occurrence ofspinelets on the discs of4 specimens from Aldabra,
western Indian Ocean and 2 specimens from Palau in the western
Pacific Ocean which they examined suggested that Ophiochaeta
38. Cryptopeltagranulifera H.L. Clark, 1909 boschmaiA.H. Clark, 1964 is a synonym of Ophiochaeta hirsuta
Liitken, 1869. They pointed out that Cherbonnier & Guille,1978,
See. Clark& Rowe, 1971: 88; 128; Rowe& Gates, 1995: 394. haddescribedanewspecies,O.crinita,basedonasinglespecimen,
from Madagascar, but did not comment further. In the present
Material. 801212B/1 (1). collectionthespecimenfromtheLakshadweepIslandsaccordswith
Collection sites. Chetlat, Lakshadweep (Laccadive) Islands. the description of boschmai in that the disc is granule-covered
dorsally but bears spinelets on its ventral surface. The specimen
Habitat and depth. Coral rubble; 8 m. from Pula We, on the other hand, accords with the description of
Remarks. Originally described from Mauritius. Rowe & Gates crinitainthatthedisc iscovereddorsallyandventrallybyelongate
(1995) describe the distribution as including tropical Australia, the spines. Considering the comments by Sloan etal. (1979), the two
Indo-MalayanregionandPhilippineIslands.Thespecimenisiden- specimens reported herein are referrred to O. hirsuta, with the
tified here fromthe Laccadive Islands forthe firsttime. implication that O.crinita Cherbonnier & Guille should also be
referred to the synonymy on the basis that it exhibits the extreme
39. Ophiarachna affinis Liitken, 1869 spiny formofO. hirsuta.
See. Clark&Rowe. 1971: 88; 123; Sloanetal., 1979: 1 1 1;Rowe 42. Ophiodyscrita instratus (Murakami, 1944) n. comb.
& Gates, 1995:395.
SEE. Murakami, 1944: 272 (as Ophiostegastus instratus);
Material. 810425C/la,b (1). A.M.Clark, 1968: 320(as Ophiostegastus instratus; discussion)
Collection sites. E. Sabang Bay, PulaWe, Sumatra. Material. 810124A/4 (1).
Habitat and depth. Coral conglomerate; 3-6 m. Collection sites. AlaGala, Galle, Sri Lanka.
Remarks. A.M. Clark(inClark&Rowe, 1971: Note 83, p. 123) Habitatand depth. Subtidal rock, 10-15 m.
describes in detail colour variation in Ophiarachna affinis and O.
mauritiensisdeLoriol,concludingthatspecificdistinctionbetween Remarks. This specimen, apart from its smaller size and fewer
thetwoisdifficulttomake. Inthepresentspecimens withd.d. =22 nakeddiscplates,accordssowell withMurakami's(1944)descrip-
mm, thedisc is uniformly brownish-grey andthedorsal side ofthe tionofOphiostegastusinstratusthatits identity isin nodoubt.The
arms has a broad longitudinal central dusky band either side of species is, however, transferred to the genus Ophiodyscrita H.L.
which is anarrowerpale band, the 3 bands being demarcated by 4 Clark, 1938 (type-species O. acosmeta H.L. Clark), with
irregular, very narrowlongitudinal darkbands.Thiscorrespondsto Ophiostegatus Murakami, 1944 (of which instratus is the type-
A.M. Clark's form C colour pattern. If O. affinis and O. mauriti- species) reduced to a junior synonym of Ophiodyscrita. The
ensisareconspecific the species isclearly widely distributedin the distinctness of two genera has been questioned by A.M. Clark
Indo-WestPacific region. (1968) and Guille & Vadon (1985) on the grounds of variation of
granulation with increased specimen size. Tabulation of measure-
40. Ophiarachna robillardi de Loriol, 1893 ments(Table 1)takenfromoriginal speciesdescriptionsandsimilar
details of the specimens from Sri Lanka, shows an interesting
See. Clark&Rowe, 1971: 88; 123. picture. From this table it becomes apparent that only two species
canberecognised:a)Ophiodyscritainstratus(Murakami, 1943)(d.d.
Material. 810126B/4 (1), 810213A/3 (2). =7mm)ofwhichthelargerOphiostegastusnovaecaledoniaeGuille
&Vadon (d.d.=9-11 mm)isasynonym,beinganextremeformof
Collection sites. Galle, Tangalla, Sri Lanka. instratus in which many disc plates, including the radial shields,
Habitat and depth. Coral reef, 3-5 m. havebecomeprominent(convex)andnakedofgranules;thisspecies
possesses supplementary oral shields (granule covered in small
Remarks. Thisisasignificantextensionofrangeforthisspecies specimens < 7 mm d.d.) and b) O. acosmeta H.L. Clark (d.d. = 5
described from Mauritius. The species is recorded as having 5 arm mm) with which O. pacifica (Murakami, 1943)(d.d. 4 mm) and
spines (H.L. Clark, 1909; size not recorded) but the present 3 Ophiostegastus compsus A.M. Clark (1968) type locality Bahrain
satped.cdi.me31n.s5hmavme7a-n9da1r0m-1sp1ianresmastpdi.nde.s=at21d..d5.m=m3;6.95-1m0m.armspines e(dv.edn.c=ov8e-r1i0n.g5ofmgmr)anaulpepseaorvetrotbheedciosncspwehciifcihc.areO.graacdouaslmleytaloshtaosnalyn
from the oral shields (as in thetype ofacosmeta; d.d. = 5 mm)and
41. Ophiochaeta hirsuta Liitken, 1869 adoral plates (as in the type series ofcompsus; d.d. = 8-10.5 mm;
though A.M. Clark (1968) does note that the largest paratype of
SEE. Clark&Rowe, 1971:88; 127; Sloanetal, 1979: 115; Rowe compsus(d.d.= 10.5mm)hasasmallbarepatchdorsallyatthebase
& Gates, 1995 398. of 4 of the arms). Supplementary oral shields are absent from
compsus, according to A.M. Clark, and are not recorded foreither
Material. 801212B/1 (1), 810425C/2 (1).
acosmetaoxpacifica. Inbothinstratusandacosmeta. asrecognised
Collectionsites. Chetlat,Lakshadweep(Laccadive)Islands;E. herein, it is clearthatarm spine numberincreases with size.
Sabang Bay, PulaWe, Sumatra. There is clearly insufficient justification for recognising
Ophiodyscritaand Ophiostegastusasseparategeneraonthebasisof
Habitatand depth. Coral rubble, 3-8 m. the extent of disc granulation, for it is clear (see Clark & Rowe,
Remarks. Sloan et al. (1979) concluded that variation in the 1971) that such differences occurbetween species included within