Bulgarian Antarctic Research: Life Science (Life Sciences)

115 Pages·2006·3.78 MB·English

by  V. Golemansky

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5
LIFE SCIENCES
VOLUME
5
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BULGARIAN ANTARCTIC RESEARCH
Life Sciences Vol. 5
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Bulgarian Bulgarian
Antarctic Institute Academy of Sciences
BULGARIAN
ANTARCTIC RESEARCH
Life Sciences
Volume 5
Edited by
Acad. V. Golemansky & Dr. N. Chipev
Sofia - Moscow
2006
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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
© PENSOFT Publishers
ISBN-10: 954-642-263-0 (Vol. 5)
ISBN-13: 978-954-642-263-7 (Vol. 5)
First published 2005
All rights reserved
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photo copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the copyright owner.
Pensoft Publishers, Geo Milev str., No. 13a, 1111 Sofia, Bulgaria
E-mail: [email protected],
www.pensoft.net
Printed in Bulgaria, April 2006
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Contents
POLYMORPHISM OF THE POPULATION IN GENTOO PENGUINS
(PYGOSCELIS PAPUA AVES: SPHENISCIFORMES) FROM
LIVINGSTON ISLAND, SOUTH SHETLANDS.
P. Zehtindjev, R. Metcheva, A. Savov, Y. Yankov, A. Ludwig, D. Lieckfeldt............................1
PARAMETERS OF CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY OF PYGOSCELIS
PAPUA
K. Afanasieva, S. Rushkovsky, V. Bezrukov.................................................................................9
CORRELATION BETWEEN CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY AND
SOME MORPHOPHYSIOLOGYCAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
GENTOO PENGUINS’ NESTLINGS
S. Rushkovsky, K. Afanasieva, V. Bezrukov...............................................................................15
RAPD ANALYSIS OF GENTOO PENGUINS’ POPULATIONS
G. D. Telegeev, A. S. Dranitsina, M. V. Dybkov, A. S. Savov, B.Vachev, S. S. Maliuta, V. F.
Bezrukov, O. Georgiev...................................................................................................................23
STUDYING TELOMERES LENGTH OF GENTOO PENGUINS ON THE
ANTARCTIC PENINSULA
G. D. Telegeev, A. S. Dranitsina, M. V. Dybkov, E. E. Melnikova-Khablo, A. S. Savov, B.Vachev,
S. S. Maliuta, V. F. Bezrukov, O. Georgiev..................................................................................31
BILL COLLORATION OF GENTOO (PYGOSCELIS PAPUA
ELLSWORTHII) PART I: A MARKER FOR GENTOO POPULATION
STUDIES
R. Metcheva, P. Zehtindjiev, V. Bezrukov, A. Savov, Y. Yankov..............................................37
BILL COLLORATION OF GENTOO. PART II:A REVIEW OF THE
POSSIBLE CAUSES
K. Dimitrov, M. Beltcheva, R. Metcheva, V. Bezrukov.............................................................45
STUDY OF YEAST ISOLATED FROM PENGUIN PLUMAGE FROM
WESTERN ANTARCTICA
K. Pavlova, R. Metcheva, I. Savova, V. Bezrukov, Y.Yankov, L.Woodworth........................51
A STUDY OF ANTARCTIC YEASTS FOR PROTEASE PRODUCTION
K.Pavlova, A.Koleva, I.Savova, L.Koleva, I.Pishtiyski, R.Metcheva.....................................63
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vi CONTENTS
HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN GENTOO PENGUIN FEATHERS AT
PETERMANN ISLAND AND LIVINGSTON ISLAND
A. V. Andreev, A. A. Andreev, M. O. Kursa, R. P. Metcheva, G. P. Milinevsky, S. E. Shnyukov,
V. R. Morozenko............................................................................................................................75
MONITORING OF ELEMENTAL CONTENTS IN PENGUIN FEATHER
USING EDXRFA
E. Nikolova, S. Aleksandrova ......................................................................................................83
A MULTICRITERIA APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF THE
SURVIVAL OF PENGUINS
B. Vachev, R. Metcheva...................................................................................................................93
CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY OF WINTERERS BEFORE AND AFTER
ANTARCTIC EXPEDITIONS
K. Afanasieva, S. Rushkovsky, V. Bezrukov.............................................................................101
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Introduction
The Republic of Bulgaria acceded to the Antarctic Treaty in 1978. In 1992, the
first biological project started, dealing with the biodiversity and ecology of living
organisms on Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands). The National Fund of the
Ministry of Education and Science has supported these Bulgarian activities so far and
we are grateful to their understanding and funding.
Later the Bulgarian biological and ecological investigations were enhanced and
developed, and some of them became funded by the European Community as well.
A good example is the international INTAS-funded Research Project Comparative
Population and Monitoring Research on Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) in Antarctica
(2001 –2005). Scientists from Bulgaria, Ukraine and Switzerland take part in this
project. Within the framework of the project, the Second International INTAS Work-
shop was organized in Sofia between 08 July and 11 July, 2005. (The first one took
place in Kiev in June 2001).
This Workshop was convened to give new impulses to the development of the
study of one the most interesting and poorly documented Antarctic animals – the
Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua).
The present Volume 5 of Bulgarian Antarctic Research contains the results reported
at the workshop sessions. We hope that these results constitute new contributions to
the study of the live history and the ecology of Antarctica and they will be of interest
to all Antarctic researchers.
All the participants and the editors take the opportunity to thank INTAS, the
National Fund for Scientific Investigations, the Bulgarian Antarctic Institute and the
Institute of Zoology at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, for their attendance,
support and for their encouragement before and during the Workshop.
The editors and the authors express their gratitude to Pensoft Publishing House
for the excellent quality of the book.
Sofia, November, 2005 The Editors
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© PENSOFT PublPisOheLrYsMORPHISM OF THE POPULATION IN GENTOO PENGUBINulSg..a.rian Antarctic Researc1h
Sofia – Moscow Life Sciences, vol. 5: 1-8, 2006
Polymorphism of the population in Gentoo penguins
(Pygoscelis papua Aves: Sphenisciformes) from
Livingston Island, South Shetlands.
PAVEL ZEHTINDJEV1, ROUMIANA METCHEVA1, ALEXEY SAVOV2, YORDAN YANKOV3,
ARNE LUDWIG4, DIETMAR LIECKFELDT4
1 Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
2 Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, the Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Street, 1431,
Sofia, Bulgaria
3 The Bulgarian Antarctic Institute, 15 1 Tzar Osvoboditel Boul., 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
4 Institute for ZOO and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
ABSTRACT
The levels of genotypic variability in the mitochondrial DNA (D-loop) of Gentoo
penguins within and between colonies were studied at Livingston Island (the South
Shetland Islands) 62°38’29’’ S and 60°24’53’’ W. Approximately 1000 ml of blood was
drawn from the cubital vein using a syringe and placed into K EDTA. All the penguins
3
examined were marked using glass-encapsulated TROVAN identification electronic tran-
sponders. DNA was extracted using a standard phenol-chloroform method. Results of
30 samples from Livingstone Island have been compared with data from Nelson Island
and Falklands. Low polymorphism of the mitochondrial genome has been found in
both colonies. Regular gene flow and the low number of breeding birds support the
temporal status of the local colony. The high exchange rate resulting in a regular gene
flow allow us to consider that there exists a large population in the studied territory that
includes these two colonies and probably the colonies on the whole territory of South
Shetland Islands.
KEY WORDS
Gentoo penguins, DNA sequence, D-loop, Livingston Island