Building with Nature “Hillside Architecture is Landscape Gardening around a few rooms for use in case of rain.” — HILLSIDE CLUB YEARBOOK, 1906– 1907 — To Tom, my husband of forty years, without whom neither this book nor the earlier one would have happened; those who know him will understand how lucky I am. To Elisabeth Sussman, my dear friend and co-author of Building with Nature: Roots of the San Francisco Bay Region Tradition, who graciously encouraged me to expand our first joint effort. To the Memory of Ambur Hiken (1915–2002), whose insightful photography illuminates the pages of this book. FIRST EDITION 10 09 08 07 06 05 5 4 3 2 1 Text © 2005 Leslie M. Freudenheim Photographs by Ambur Hiken © 2005 Leslie Freudenheim and Elisabeth Sussman, unless otherwise noted. Frontispiece/Title Page: The Charles and Louise Keeler house, 1770 Highland Place, Berkeley (1895), designed by their friend Bernard Maybeck; drawing by Louise Keeler, October 1898. All rights reserved for all countries, including the right of translation. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the publishers, except brief portions quoted for purposes of review. Published by Gibbs Smith, Publisher P.O. Box 667 Layton, Utah 84041 1.800.748.5439 orders www.gibbs-smith.com Designed by Rudy Ramos Printed and bound in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Freudenheim, Leslie M., 1941— Building with nature: inspiration for the arts & crafts home / Leslie M. Freudenheim.— 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58685-463-1 1. Architecture, Domestic—California—San Francisco Bay Area. 2. Regionalism in architecture—California—San Francisco Bay Area. 3. Arts and crafts movement—California—San Francisco Bay Area—History—19th century. 4. Arts and crafts movement—California—San Francisco Bay Area— History—20th century. 5. Architecture and society—California—San Francisco Bay Area—History—19th century. 6. Architecture and Society—California— San Francisco Bay Area—History—20th century. 7. Worcester, Joseph, 1836– 1913—Influence. I. Title. NA7235.C22S3537 2005 728’.37’09794—dc22 2004030965 Contents Preface A Tribute and an Explanation Introduction Setting the Scene Chapter 1 Ruskin, Morris, and the First California Arts & Crafts House Chapter 2 Russian Hill: An Early Arts & Crafts Neighborhood Chapter 3 The Swedenborgian Church and the First Mission Style Chair Chapter 4 The First American Arts & Crafts Society, San Francisco, 1894 Chapter 5 “A Cottage All of Our Own”: Polk and Coxhead Chapter 6 Hillside Architecture: Maybeck and Keeler Chapter 7 Early Environmentalists, Yosemite, and a Garden Suburb Chapter 8 John Galen Howard and “His Wizard” Continue Two Arts & Crafts Traditions Chapter 9 The California Shingle Style Chapter 10 Arts & Crafts Expansion: Mission, Pueblo, and Mediterranean Styles Chapter 11 Conclusion and Speculations: The Golden State Inspires America Abbreviations Endnotes Bibliography Acknowledgments Photo Credits